Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles in animal cells that maintain an acidic internal pH and contain around 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes crucial for digesting macromolecules. They are categorized into primary lysosomes, which form from the Golgi apparatus and contain inactive enzymes, and secondary lysosomes, which result from the fusion of phagosomes with primary lysosomes to digest ingested material. Known as 'suicidal bags', lysosomes can inadvertently lead to cell death through autolysis when their digestive enzymes damage the lysosomal membrane.

1. lysosomes

2. lysomes
Lysosomes are single membrane bound organelles present in animal
cells.Lysomes have acidic internal pH[about 5] and are filled with
hydrolytic enzymes.They contain about 40 different types of hydrolytic
enzymes[including proteases ,nucleases, glycosidases, lipases,
phospholipases, phosphatases and sulfatases] which are responsible
for digestion of macromolecules. All are acid hydrolases because the
require an acidic environment for optimal activity and the lysosomes
provides thid by maintaining a pH of about 5.

3. Types of lysosomes
THE ARE TWO TYPES OF LYSOMES:
Lysomes
Primary lysosomes Secondary lysosomes

4. Primary lysosomes and secondary lysosomes
Primary lysosomes:primary lysosomes are the small vesicles
formed from the Golgi apparatus. Generally, they contain inactive
digestive enzymes in the form of granules.
Secondary lysosomes:Secondary lysosomes are also known as
heterophagosome. They are formed as a result of the fusion of food
containing phagosomes with lysosomes (having digestive or
hydrolytic enzymes). The digested food particles pass out into the
cytoplasm.

5. Lysosomal digestion of material
Lysosomal digestion of materials can classified as:
➢ Autophagy
➢ hetrophagy
autophagy:A normal physiological process that deals with the destruction of cells in the
body. It is essential for maintaining homeostasis, for normal functioning by protein
degradation, turnover of destroyed cell organelles for new cell formation
hetrophagy:The taking into the cell of exogenous material by phagocytosis or pinocytosis and
the digestion of the ingested material after fusion of the newly formed vacuole with a lysosome.

6. Lysosomal Enzymes
For degradation of extra and intracellular material, lysosomes filled with enzymes called hydrolases. It contains about
40 varieties of enzymes which are classified into the following main types, namely:
● Proteases, which digest proteins
● Lipases, which digests lipids
● Amylase, which digests carbohydrates
● Nucleases, which digest nucleic acids
● Phosphoric acid monoesters
Collectively the group of enzymes is called hydrolases which cause cleavage of substrates by the addition of water
molecules. Most of the lysosomal enzymes function in the acidic medium.

7. Why are Lysosomes known as Suicidal Bags?
As stated before, lysosomes work as the waste discarding structures of the cell by
processing undesirable materials and degrading them, both from the exterior of
the cell and waste constituents inside the cell.
But sometimes, the digestive enzymes may end up damaging the lysosomes
themselves, and this can cause the cell to die. This is termed as autolysis, where
“auto” means “self” and “lysis” means “the disintegration of the cell by the
destruction of its cell membrane“.
Hence, lysosomes are known as “Suicidal Bags” of the cell.