Lyocell, also known as Tencel, is a man-made cellulose fiber derived from wood pulp through solvent spinning. It is produced by dissolving pulp in an amine oxide solvent and extruding it through spinnerets to form fibers. Lyocell fibers have high strength, absorbency, and softness compared to cotton. The global lyocell fiber market is expected to grow due to increasing demand for sustainable fabrics and its use in apparel, home goods, and medical applications. Major producers include Lenzing AG and manufacturers are exploring expanding production capacity.
I am the student of Textile Institute of Pakistan in the discipline of Textile Science [B.Sc( Hons)] & this presentation is about Viscose Rayon fiber, its manufacturing, its chemical composition, its types, its modification, its identification and its uses.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
Dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they colour. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require aftertreatment to improve the fastness of the dye on the fibre.
Dyes are usually soluble in water whereas pigments are insoluble. Dyes selection is very important when dyeing different types of textile fibre. Types of chemical dyes are Direct, Reactive, Vat, Sulphur dyes etc. All dyes required different chemical auxiliaries and different after treatment process. Each dyes possess different light, washing & rubbing fastness and having different characteristics also.
every natural fiber has unique textile property like Strength elongation and length. these properties are important for making yarn and fabric in the textile industry.
I am the student of Textile Institute of Pakistan in the discipline of Textile Science [B.Sc( Hons)] & this presentation is about Viscose Rayon fiber, its manufacturing, its chemical composition, its types, its modification, its identification and its uses.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
Dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they colour. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require aftertreatment to improve the fastness of the dye on the fibre.
Dyes are usually soluble in water whereas pigments are insoluble. Dyes selection is very important when dyeing different types of textile fibre. Types of chemical dyes are Direct, Reactive, Vat, Sulphur dyes etc. All dyes required different chemical auxiliaries and different after treatment process. Each dyes possess different light, washing & rubbing fastness and having different characteristics also.
every natural fiber has unique textile property like Strength elongation and length. these properties are important for making yarn and fabric in the textile industry.
Presentation on Process, pollution & pollution control in textile. Different types of process in textile and by this process how the environment are polluted is described by the presentation.
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industryMd. Sirajul Islam
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry.
Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out...
Different kind of processes and pollutions
Textile Processing with Effluent Treatment (Sizing, Combined Effluent, Primary Treatment, Woollen Textile, Color Removal, Melt Spinning, Dry Spinning, Textile Fibres, Wool Fulling, Printing Process, Weaving of Synthetic Yarns and Blends, Fabric Defects and Value Loss, Pirn Winding, Polyester Blended Fabrics)
A textile or cloth is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread). Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other material to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting.
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Regenerated fiber lyocell. Lyocell is a form of rayon.
It consists of cellulose fiber, made from dissolving pulp and then reconstituting it by dry jet-wet spinning.
The fibre is used to make textiles for clothing and other purposes
Lyocell [Lyo from Greek lyein=dissolve & Cell= from cellulose]
The lyocell process was developed in 1972 by a team at the now-defunct American Enka fibers
A thorough document regarding the third class of fabric, i.e., the non-wovens - its characteristics, its types, the on-going applications, and different manufacturing processes, etc.
Composite materials have occupied major part in current era due to its light weight,
good stiffness, high specific strength and flexible nature. Due to large availability of
naturally occurring fibers and their capability to hybridize with glass fiber, the
applications of these fibers vary according to purpose. While thinking about composites
the main points to be considered are Cost effectiveness and Environmental friendliness.
The present experimental study aims at learning the mechanical behaviour of hybrid
natural fiber composites. Natural Fibers such as Sisal and Coconut coir are used as
hybrid composites. These natural fibers are mixed with Epoxy Resin. Fiber resin mixture
was subjected to Compression moulding. Moulding was carried out for Raw hybrid fibers
and Chemically treated hybrid fibers.The mechanical properties testing such as tensile
and impact strength were carried out for the samples cut from the fabricated composite
panels to the dimensions as per ASTM standard. Then the results were compared. This
paper mainly deals with how effectively composites can be made without compromising
its properties compared to other conventional materials to cope up with the changing
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Agricultural residues (wastes) for manufacture of paper, board, and miscellan...Prof. Dr. Tamer Y A Fahmy
An extensive background overview on the use of agricultural residues (wastes) for production of paper, board, binderless board, energy, different types of fuels by pyrolysis (solid, liquid and gaseous fuel), many petrochemicals substitutes, charcoal (activated carbon), dissolving pulps and rayon. It includes both scientific and industrial data, case studies, current status, sustainability of paper and sugar industries, green nanotechnology, and future prospects.
Keywords: Agricultural Residues (Wastes); Paper and Board manufacture; Sustainability of Paper and Sugar Industries; Green Nanotechnology; Future Prospects.
Cite as: Fahmy Y, Fahmy TYA, Mobarak F, El-Sakhawy M, Fadl MH (2017) Agricultural Residues (Wastes) for Manufacture of Paper, Board, and Miscellaneous Products: Background Overview and Future Prospects. International Journal of ChemTech Research 10(2):424-448
Key Words for A/W 21/22 Eco-friendly/Sustainable Material Trendspringliman
This year, a sudden outbreak sounds the environmental alarm for the heavily polluted fashion industry once again. If we consider Fashion Convention jointly signed by 32 fashion enterprises in August 2019 as a start of whole industry making efforts to carry out large-scale sustainability, radical environmental groups outside of the A/W 2020 four fashion weeks, and environmental protection creativity in the show, have highlighted designers or brands passion for fashion environmental protection and a sustainable future. Environmental/sustainable fashion has become a common topic and a new trend in the international industry. Then, as the second most polluted industry and the source of the fashion industry -- textile fibers and fabrics, how to jointly build a sustainable eco-friendly system through sustainable design, production and reuse, is an important direction for the sustainable development of the fashion industry in the future. The three key words for A/W 21/22 eco-friendly / sustainable material trend will give you a glimpse into the future of sustainable fashion fabrics.
View more: https://www.popfashioninfo.com/trend/
Key Words for A/W 21/22 Eco-friendly/Sustainable Material Trendspringliman
This year, a sudden outbreak sounds the environmental alarm for the heavily polluted fashion industry once again. If we consider Fashion Convention jointly signed by 32 fashion enterprises in August 2019 as a start of whole industry making efforts to carry out large-scale sustainability, radical environmental groups outside of the A/W 2020 four fashion weeks, and environmental protection creativity in the show, have highlighted designers or brands passion for fashion environmental protection and a sustainable future.View more: https://www.popfashioninfo.com/trends/material/
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Also named Tencel
Composition Wood cellulose (eucalyptus trees, oak, and
birch trees)and synthetic substances [17]
Microscopic
appearance
smooth and circular cross section
Diameter 11-13 m crons
Aesthetic lustre and good drapability
Stretchability low
Shrinkage low
Resiliency moderate and hence they wrinkle
Absorbency good ; moisture regain is 11.5%
Crystallinity High- 0.62; hence high strength
Tensile strength high ; strongest cellulosic fibre when dry and
(first man made fibre to be ) stronger than
cotton in wet state.
damage Can be damaged by mildew and silver fish
Ecofriendly Biodegradable
Fabric breathability high
Fibrillation high
3. Fibrillation – longitudinal splitting of fibre to give micri fine surface hairs of diameter less than 1.4 micron
Fibrillation is due to high crystallinity
it weakens the mother fibre and if it is not done in a controlled manned it gives the appearance of piling
Lyocell can take high ironing temps. It will scorch and not melt
4. History
1855
George patented
artificial silk
& Swan
succeeded in
creating cellulose
textiles
Count Hilaire de
Chardonnet,
successfully exhibit
artificial silk
1889
1891
Chardonnet built a
plant to produce
his new fabric in
Besancon
Experimentation
with NMMO by D.L.
Jonhnson and
American Enka
1966
1979
American Enka
created regenerated
cellulose fibre which
wasn’t commercially
viable
Courtaulds
created lyocell
and started
manufacturing
1982
1988
Mass production
of Lyocell
25 tons/week
Lyocell fibre
holds the value
of 513.8M USD
globally
2020
6. Lets start from the start…….
Lyocell is a manmade fibre derived from cellulose, better known in the United States
under the brand name Tencel.
lyocell is produced from hardwood pulp that is broken down mechanically, then dissolved
so the cellulose strands may be extracted.
It is primarily found in the garment industry, particularly in women's clothing.
7. Extraction process
• Preparing the wood pulp
1. Harvested by the loggers
2. Logs are feed into chippers
3. Mill workers load the chips into a vat of
chemical digesters.
4. It is dried in a huge sheet, and mill
workers roll it onto spools.
5. Dissolving the cellulose
9. Advantages
Recovery technology of the NMMO. The
lyocell process allows reduced consumption
of chemicals by several times in comparison
to the viscose fiber.
Consumer far less energy than synthetic
fibres, and consequently are lower carbon
emitters Biodegdradable
Properties of lyocell fibers such as high water
retention ability, comfort, and enhanced
breathability propel its demand
Challenges
High cost of production and the lack of
availability of advanced technology for
manufacturing lyocell fibers are estimated to
hamper the lyocell fibers market during the
forecast period.
Additionally, lack of awareness about lyocell
fiber is projected to adversely affect the
market in the near future.
The fairly low surface energy of Lyocell fiber
makes it difficult for dyes to bind to it during
production.
10. Producing countries
Producing regions
Asia Pacific
North America
Europe
Middle East and Africa
Latin America
Asia Pacific exhibits a clear dominance
Mexico represents a significant market for Lyocell in textiles
Producer companies
Lenzing AG , Acegreen Eco-Material Technology Co., Ltd. Aditya Birla Group, Baoding Swan Fiber Co. Ltd., Chonbang
Co., Ltd., Weiqiao Textile Company Limited, Zhejiang Yaojiang Industrial Group Limited, China Populus Textile Ltd.,
Great Duksan Corp., Qingdao Textiles Group Fiber Technology Co., Ltd. , Smartfiber AG, Acelon Chemicals & Fiber
Corp.
Lenzing, spread across the globe, is the largest producer and manufacturer of lyocell fibre
Cost of Lyocell
It was originally produced as cheaper alternatives to silk, but due to expensive production techniques it is costlier
than cotton. Lyocell is generally more durable, with less time for washing and ironing, making the cost difference quite
difficult to quantify.
13. Supply dynamics - 2019
Cultivation of natural fibers decreased 3% to 32 million tons
Man-made cellulosic fibers continued their dynamic growth, expanding more than 6% to 7 million tons.
Synthetics achieved 5% growth thanks to robust expansion of polyester (PET) filaments and staple fibers.
Spunlaid nonwovens, newly included in global supply, slowed to the lowest growth rate in the century at nearly 4% to reach almost 7
million tons.
Source - Chemical Fibers International 2/3 2020, September 2020
The Fiber Year 2020 – Deceleration along the textile chain
14. Uses of Lyocell
Apparels - denims, knitwear, sportswear, coats
In 2016, the apparels segment accounted for more than half of the global lyocell fiber
market.
Home textiles - bed sheets, drapes, curtains, and carpets
Surgical products - absorbent pad, wound-contact layer, elastic and non-elastic
bandages, compression bandages, gauze dressing and wipes
Baby diapers
Automotive sector - filters, seat covers, battery separators
Cigarette filters
It also finds application in dehumidification sheets
and a precursor for carbon fiber.
15. Global Production by application in 2018 (U.S.)
Source - https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/lyocell-fiber-market
16. Comparative study of lyocell
with cotton
Comfort – Lyocell is softer than cotton. The softness of lyocell is
due to its smooth surface.
Hygiene-Moisture regain of lyocell is 13% and cotton has
moisture regain value is 8.5%.
Lustre -Lyocell imparts excellent lustre to fabrics, garments
remain true, even after repeated washing. Cotton is
non lustrous material. Mercerisation is an industrial process
involving sodium hydroxide for cotton yarns or fabrics to
increase the lustre and dyeability.
The price -Compared to cotton, Lyocell is more expensive.
Example H&M shirts
Wrinkle resistance – cotton has low wrinkle resistant where as
the round shape of the Tencel fiber makes it less prone to
wrinkling.
₹2500 ₹1500
17. Current scenario
The Lenzing Group is planning to establish world's largest lyocell plant in
Thailand.
Sateri’s investment in lyocell is very much aligned with the aim for technical and
product upgrading for China’s textile industry.
Lenzing group opened first supply chain solution hub in Mumbai. For Lenzing
India serves as a key market for export and domestic use.
Lenzing associated with designers like Anita Dongre, Rajesh Pratap Singh, and
brands like Global Desi, Ddecor, Levis.
18. In terms of consumption, Asia Pacific dominated the
global lyocell market in 2018. Favorable growth of the
textile industry in emerging economies such as China
and India has created a highly conductive environment
for growth of lyocell fabrics market in the region.
According to India Brand Equity Foundation, the Indian
textile industry is projected to reach US$ 230 Billion by
the end of 2020
Top consumers of lyocell fabrics in the global market
include Inditex Clothing Company, Hennes & Mauritz
AB, G-Star Raw, Lindex Fashion Company, Eileen
Fisher, Williams-Sonoma Inc., Patagonia, Inc.,
Continental Clothing, Fjällräven and C&A.
19. Future
“Lyocell Fabric Market" is valued at 513.8 million USD in 2020 is expected to reach 750.6 million
USD by the end of 2026
Textiles is an industry that contributes close to 10% to global carbon emissions. Using more
lyocell means less water is expended, compared with cotton. By any measure, lyocell is a part of
the solution for a greener and more sustainable fashion sector which is needed immediately.
With global share holding of only 6.4% and 68.3 by synthetic fibers, a lot of push is required to
its demand so as to replace the synthetic fibres for a better future.