lunaves is about exploring technologies and techniques to help involve a larger number of birdwatchers and researchers in nocturnal migration studies. In the same way that passionate birdwatchers and citizen scientists have helped shape our understanding of birds today, our mission is to make the studying of nocturnal bird migration more accessible to whoever has the matter at heart.
A multispectral image is one that captures image data from two or more ranges of frequencies along the spectrum, such as visible light and infrared energy.
In multispectral images, the same spatial region is captured multiple times using different imaging modalities.
A multispectral image is one that captures image data from two or more ranges of frequencies along the spectrum, such as visible light and infrared energy.
In multispectral images, the same spatial region is captured multiple times using different imaging modalities.
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This ppt gives an brief idea about how an missile can be guided using the latest and most efficient technology, "GPS".
Hope so, it would be helpful for u all...!
It depicts the basic information about GPS technology and its various uses in engineering and other fields. May be useful for students of engineering and for presentation.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
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Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
Adaptive missile guidance using gps pptShivani Pakal
This ppt gives an brief idea about how an missile can be guided using the latest and most efficient technology, "GPS".
Hope so, it would be helpful for u all...!
It depicts the basic information about GPS technology and its various uses in engineering and other fields. May be useful for students of engineering and for presentation.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
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Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
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Long-term outdoor localisation with battery-powered devices remains an unsolved challenge,mainly due to the high energy consumption of GPS modules. The use of inertial sensors and short-range radio can reduce reliance on GPS to prolong the operational lifetime of tracking devices, butthey only provide coarse-grained control over GPS activity. An alternative yet promising approach is touse context-sensitive mobility models to guide scheduling and sampling decisions in localisationalgorithms. In this talk, I will present our work towards continental-scale long-term tracking of flyingfoxes, as part of the National Flying Fox Monitoring Program in Australia, using a model-drivenapproach. At the core of our approach is the multimodal GPS-enabled Camazotz sensor node platformthat has been designed at CSIRO for flying fox collars, with a cumulative weight just under 30g. The project has already deployed tens of devices on live flying foxes, which have been operating in thefield for several months. We are using the data from these devices to build mobility models andalgorithms for designing the next generation of software, as we will progressively deploy more than1000 nodes within the coming months. The progressive deployment of nodes coupled with delaytolerance, constrained resources, and incremental feature development raises interesting systemschallenges and opportunities, which I will highlight. The talk will also provide a snapshot of thecurrent data collection effort, and draw lessons from our activities in this area over the past 18 months
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2. Can moon watching be an effective technique for bird
migration studies?
• Effectiveness of moon watching is limited by two factors:
1. Initiatives require large number of (very) dedicated volunteers
2. Scope covers narrow field of view, even more during high moon altitude
17m
240 - 2000m
2m
26m
2m
3. Yet, we still lack suitable alternatives
• There are other techniques to observe nocturnal migration:
• Ringing is relevant mainly for stopover points
• Data from weather radars data not available in Europe as in US
• Mobile radar units are expensive, impractical except for specialised research
• Through the lunaves initiative we aim to answer :
?
Despite known limitations, what insights could we get from
moon watching if we can address the human factor?
5. Part 1: lunaves Tracker software
1. Scope is set horizontally pointing to East
2. At moonrise the scope will use the wide-angle view
webcam to align the moon across the scope
3. Mount is moved along Altitude and Azimuth to keep
moon centred
4. Continuous video is recorded on file
5. Upon moonset or sunrise, scope is parked to standby
position pointing to east, ready for next day
6. In case of clouds, setup calculates approximate position
using lunar orbit calculations, until clouds clear
6. lunaves Tracker user interface
Webcam1:
Wide-angle view
Console :
Manual control
operations
Webcam2:
Digiscoped view
7. List of files recorded over a single night session
At 1080p, size of file is about 1.25GB for every 30 minutes
8. Part 2: Using the lunaves Scanner software
1. The lunaves Scanner software takes
each frame from video recorded by
lunaves Tracker and using custom
motion detection algorithms it
distinguishes between bird
silhouettes and general pixel noise
2. A trajectory between all the relevant
of flight trajectory are mapped out
10. Outputs 1 – Trajectories summary snapshot for a video clip
Output 1: Each video has a summary image with all trajectories of the identified birds
11. Outputs 2 : Sighting data in CSV format for analysis
Output 2 : CSV (excel) file with all the details about the sighting, useful for further analysis
12. Output 3 – slow-motion video clip for every identified bird
Line indicating trajectory
across clip – useful when the
target is particularly faint
Information about sighting
(time & place)
13. Output 3 – mp4 video clip for every trajectory
Video output (with slow motion)
from scanner showing identified target
14. Stations in action
• Development of system started around August 2012
• Two stations active during the past 6 months in Malta –
units kept outside
Hamrun, Malta
• Main requirement is cover from wind, power supply and
WiFi for remote management (mainly from UK)
• So far:
• Reliable data collected for September 2013
• 2 Terabytes+ of video data collected
• +500 sightings from processed videos
• Survived burnout of scope lenses and flooding!
Zurrieq, Malta
15. Observation 1 : Eye versus Camera : 0 - 1
1. Capturing 30 frames per second on film and algorithm are much sharper than human eye – can
collect records which previously would have been missed
2. Level of detail makes possible attempts at identification
3. Consistent and uniform readings – not dependent on experience of watcher
4. Detection can be achieved also for the smaller phases of moon, this extending the period of
observation (clouds permitting)
16. …analysis of silhouettes
Detailed silhouette analysis is possible –
something that cannot be done in
the field.
With improved equipment images could
be made sharper
18. Observation 2– Effective detection of heavy migration
• 14th September, 76 sightings in 1.5 hours
47 sightings
73 sightings
• 20 sightings in 15 minutes with just 65% of
moon visible
• If there were 20 sightings within an effective
area of just 17m x 17m, what was the
migration across 27km of Malta during that
hour?
25. Observation 5 – Variety of readings (switch to video)
Check out the youtube videos on lunaves.org
26. Conclusion: Automated moon watching can still play an
important role in conservation studies
Frequent readings during
migration peaks increases
confidence level and reduce
confidence interval
Good indicator of first / last signs of migration –
in 2013 recorded good migration in June
Unlike radar technology, it can be
crowd sourced - deploying multiple
units will increase the statistical
relevance of readings
27. Roadmap
• Consolidating lunaves.org - an organisation that advances research on nocturnal migration
• Life+ initiative for conservation projects with European research institutes / interested
parties such as BirdLife. Possibility of a Mediterrenean initiative?
• Deploy units on Europe’s main migration routes - Eilat (Israel), Gibraltar and
Falsterbo(Sweden)
• Improvement of optics and cameras (upgrade to 60 fps) and further software
development
• Investigate use of low-cost hardware to allow scaling up and deployment of hundreds of
cheap units
28. Get in touch…
Blog : www.lunaves.org
Email: lunaves@lunaves.org
: www.facebook.com/lunaves.org