Software quality assurance involves testing software to find errors and ensure correct execution. There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. Testers define test cases to verify program behaviors meet specifications. Test cases are designed using techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and branch testing. The objective is to thoroughly test software and uncover defects before final deployment.
This is the most important topic of OOAD named as Object Oriented Testing. It is used to prepare a good software which has no bug in it and it performs very fast. <a href="https://harisjamil.pro">Haris Jamil</a>
An Insight into the Black Box and White Box Software Testing BugRaptors
Software testing is one of the best means to affirm the quality of an application and deliver error-free software. Over the years, software testing has developed into a separate discipline providing way to numerous different testing techniques that have been introduced, scrutinized and considered in this area. Read More Here!
This is the most important topic of OOAD named as Object Oriented Testing. It is used to prepare a good software which has no bug in it and it performs very fast. <a href="https://harisjamil.pro">Haris Jamil</a>
An Insight into the Black Box and White Box Software Testing BugRaptors
Software testing is one of the best means to affirm the quality of an application and deliver error-free software. Over the years, software testing has developed into a separate discipline providing way to numerous different testing techniques that have been introduced, scrutinized and considered in this area. Read More Here!
With the advent of Office 365, OneNote 2010 has been getting more and more visibility as a useful business tool. In this presentation, we look at the basics of using OneNote 2010.
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This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
Software testing is an activity of finding defect or bugs by checking actual result with Expected result to make software defect free.Types of Testing are Black Box Testing and White Box Testing.
What is testing?
“An empirical, technical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product under test.”
- Cem Kaner
Software Testing has become a necessity for today's IT industry. Every IT engineer is expected to understand the basic of software testing and it types. This PPT will enable the viewers to understand the concept of software testing and types of testing.
Black Box Testing, also known as Behavioral Testing it is a method of software testing in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also embody unit testing
Software testing is a process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding the software bugs. It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software program or application or product: Meets the business and technical requirements that guided it's design and development.
An error is a mistake, misconception, or misunderstanding on the part of software developer.
A fault or defect is introduced into the software as the result of an error. It is an anomaly in the software that may cause it to behave incorrectly, and not according to its specification.
A failure is the inability of a software system, or component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements.
A test case in a practical sense is a test-related item which contains the following information:
A set of test inputs: These are data items received from an external source by the code under test. The external source can be hardware, software, or human.
Execution conditions: These are conditions required for running the test, for example a certain state of a database, or a configuration of hardware device.
Expected output: These are specified results to be produced by the code under test.
Test – A test is group of test cases, or a group of related test cases and test procedures.
Test Oracle – It is a document, or a piece of software that allows testers to determine whether a test has been passed or failed.
Test Bed – A test bed is an environment that contains all the hardware and software needed to test a software component or a software system.
This presentation is about the following points ,
Introduction to Manual Software testing,
What is Testing,
What is Quality,
How to define Software Testing Principles,
What are the types of Software Tests,
What is Test Planning,
Test Execution and Reporting,
Real-Time Testing,
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
3. Definition
• Glen Myers
– Testing is the process of executing a
program with the intent of finding errors
4. Objective explained
• Paul Jorgensen
– Testing is obviously concerned with errors,
faults, failures and incidents. A test is the
act of exercising software with test cases
with an objective of
• Finding failure
• Demonstrate correct execution
6. Verification versus Validation
• Verification is concerned with phase
containment of errors
• Validation is concerned about the final
product to be error free
7. Relationship – program behaviors
Program Behaviors
Specified Programmed
(expected) (observed)
Behavior Behavior Fault
Fault
Of
Of
Commission
Omission
Correct portion
8. Classification of Test
• There are two levels of classification
– One distinguishes at granularity level
• Unit level
• System level
• Integration level
– Other classification (mostly for unit level) is
based on methodologies
• Black box (Functional) Testing
• White box (Structural) Testing
10. Cont…
• 2, 5
– Specified behavior that are not tested
• 1, 4
– Specified behavior that are tested
• 3, 7
– Test cases corresponding to unspecified
behavior
11. Cont…
• 2, 6
– Programmed behavior that are not tested
• 1, 3
– Programmed behavior that are tested
• 4, 7
– Test cases corresponding to un-
programmed behaviors
12. Inferences
• If there are specified behaviors for which
there are no test cases, the testing is
incomplete
• If there are test cases that correspond to
unspecified behaviors
– Either such test cases are unwarranted
– Specification is deficient (also implies that
testers should participate in specification and
design reviews)
14. When to use what
• Few set of guidelines available
• A logical approach could be
– Prepare functional test cases as part of
specification. However they could be used
only after unit and/or system is available.
– Preparation of Structural test cases could
be part of implementation/code phase.
– Unit, Integration and System testing are
performed in order.
15. Unit testing – essence
• Applicable to modular design
– Unit testing inspects individual modules
• Locate error in smaller region
– In an integrated system, it may not be
easier to determine which module has
caused fault
– Reduces debugging efforts
16. Test cases and Test suites
• Test case is a triplet [I, S, O] where
– I is input data
– S is state of system at which data will be
input
– O is the expected output
• Test suite is set of all test cases
• Test cases are not randomly selected.
Instead even they need to be designed.
17. Need for designing test cases
• Almost every non-trivial system has an
extremely large input data domain
thereby making exhaustive testing
impractical
• If randomly selected then test case may
loose significance since it may expose
an already detected error by some
other test case
18. Time for an exercise
• Give me all possible test cases for this
object:
19. Black box testing
• Equivalence class partitioning
• Boundary value analysis
• Comparison testing
20. Equivalence Class Partitioning
• Input values to a program are
partitioned into equivalence classes.
• Partitioning is done such that:
– program behaves in similar ways to
every input value belonging to an
equivalence class.
21. Why define equivalence classes?
• Test the code with just one
representative value from each
equivalence class:
– as good as testing using any other values
from the equivalence classes.
22. Equivalence Class Partitioning
• How do you determine the equivalence
classes?
– examine the input data.
– few general guidelines for determining the
equivalence classes can be given
23. Equivalence Class Partitioning
• If the input data to the program is
specified by a range of values:
– e.g. numbers between 1 to 5000.
– one valid and two invalid equivalence
classes are defined.
1 5000
24. Equivalence Class Partitioning
• If input is an enumerated set of values:
– e.g. {a,b,c}
– one equivalence class for valid input values
– another equivalence class for invalid input
values should be defined.
25. Example
• A program reads an input value in the
range of 1 and 5000:
– computes the square root of the input
number
SQRT
26. Example (cont.)
• There are three equivalence classes:
– the set of negative integers,
– set of integers in the range of 1 and 5000,
– integers larger than 5000.
1 5000
27. Example (cont.)
• The test suite must include:
– representatives from each of the three
equivalence classes:
– a possible test suite can be:
{-5,500,6000}.
1 5000
28. Boundary Value Analysis
• Some typical programming errors occur:
– at boundaries of equivalence classes
– might be purely due to psychological
factors.
• Programmers often fail to see:
– special processing required at the
boundaries of equivalence classes.
29. Boundary Value Analysis
• Programmers may improperly use <
instead of <=
• Boundary value analysis:
– select test cases at the boundaries of
different equivalence classes.
30. Example
• For a function that computes the square
root of an integer in the range of 1 and
5000:
– test cases must include the values:
{0,1,5000,5001}.
1 5000
31. • Acceptance testing
• Formal testing with respect to user needs, requirements, and business
processes conducted to determine whether or not a system satisfies
the acceptance criteria and to enable the user, customers or other
authorized entity to determine whether or not to accept the system.
• Alpha testing
• Simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or
an independent test team at the developers’ site, but outside the
development organization. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-
shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing.
• Back-to-back testing
• Testing in which two or more variants of a component or system are
executed with the same inputs, the outputs compared, and analyzed in
cases of discrepancies.
• Beta testing
• Operational testing by potential and/or existing users/customers at an
external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine
whether or not a component or system satisfies the user/customer
needs and fits within the business processes. Beta testing is often
employed as a form of external acceptance testing for off-the-shelf
software in order to acquire feedback from the market.
32. Continued…
• Black-box testing
• Testing, either functional or non-functional, without reference to the internal
structure of the component or system.
• Boundary value
• An input value or output value which is on the edge of an equivalence partition
or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge, for example
the minimum or maximum value of a range.
• Boundary value analysis
• A black box test design technique in which test cases are designed based on
boundary values.
• Branch testing
• A white box test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute
branches.
• Defect
• A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail
to perform its required function, e.g. an incorrect statement or data definition. A
defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component
or system.
33. Continued…
• Functional testing
• Testing based on an analysis of the specification of the functionality of a component or
system.
• Integration testing
• Testing performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interactions between
integrated components or systems.
• Load testing
• A test type concerned with measuring the behavior of a component or system with
increasing load, e.g. number of parallel users and/or numbers of transactions to determine
what load can be handled by the component or system.
• Monkey testing
• Testing by means of a random selection from a large range of inputs and by randomly
pushing buttons, ignorant on how the product is being used.
• Recoverability testing
• The process of testing to determine the recoverability of a software product.
• Regression testing
• Testing of a previously tested program following modification to ensure that defects have
not been introduced or uncovered in unchanged areas of the software, as a result of the
changes made. It is performed when the software or its environment is changed.
34. Continued…
• Severity
• The degree of impact that a defect has on the development or operation of a component or system.
• Smoke test
• A subset of all defined/planned test cases that cover the main functionality of a component or system, to
ascertaining that the most crucial functions of a program work, but not bothering with finer details. A daily
build and smoke test is among industry best practices.
• Test automation
• The use of software to perform or support test activities, e.g. test management, test design, test execution
and results checking.
• Test case specification
• A document specifying a set of test cases (objective, inputs, test actions, expected results, and execution
preconditions) for a test item.
• Test design specification
• A document specifying the test conditions (coverage items) for a test item, the detailed test approach and
identifying the associated high level test cases.
• Test environment
• An environment containing hardware, instrumentation, simulators, software tools, and other support
elements needed to conduct a test.
• Test harness
• A test environment comprised of stubs and drivers needed to execute a test.
• Test log
• A chronological record of relevant details about the execution of tests.