Meeting presentation October 2012
by Heather A. Wright
Ongoing results from a long-term analysis of plankton phenology at a LTER - Long Term Ecological Research Station in the Mediterranean Sea. Stn MareChiara.
Chemical communications among plant and animal components are fundamental elements for the functioning and the connectivity of ecosystems. In particular, wound-activated infochemicals trigger specifi c reactions of invertebrates according to evolutionary constraints, permitting them to identify prey cues, escape predators and optimize their behaviors according to.....
Cranberry bog weather conditions and weather-related stress were investigated for development of crop yield prediction models and models to predict daily weather conditions in the bog. Field investigations and data gathering were completed at the Rutgers University Blueberry/Cranberry Research Center experimental bogs in Chatsworth, New Jersey. Study indicated that although cranberries generally exhibit little or no stomatal response to changing atmospheric conditions, the evaluation of weather-related stress could be accomplished via use of micrometeorological data. Definition of weather -related stress was made by establishing critical thresholds of the frequencies of occurrence, and magnitudes of, temperature and precipitation in the bog based on values determined by a review of the literature and a grower questionnaire. Stress frequencies were correlated with cranberry yield to develop predictive models based on the previous season's yield, prior season data, prior and current season data, current season data; and prior and current season data through July 31 of the current season. The predictive ability of the prior season models was best and could be used in crop planning and production. Further examination of bog micrometeorological data permitted the isolation of those weather conditions conducive to cranberry scald and allowed for the institution of a pilot scald advisory program during the 1991 season. The micrometeorological data from the bog was also used to develop models to predict daily canopy temperature and precipitation, based on upper air data, for grower use. Models were developed for each month for maximum and minimum temperatures and for precipitation and generally performed well. The modeling of bog weather conditions is an important first step toward daily prediction of cranberry weather-related stress.
This document discusses assessing environmental vulnerability in the El Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain. Field work was conducted to collect data on abiotic and biotic parameters within the caldera slopes and Llano Basin areas of the park. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were utilized to analyze the study area transects and evaluate environmental vulnerability.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report Working Group 2 and expectations for improvements in the Fifth Assessment Report. Some of the main points from AR4 included a vast amount of observed changes, a wide range of projected future impacts that vary by scenario, and vulnerability exacerbated by other stresses. Many impacts can be avoided or reduced through mitigation. The AR5 is expected to provide more common frameworks for assessing impacts, adaptation, mitigation across regions and sectors, better treatment of extremes, and more comprehensive analysis of costs.
This study examined the body temperatures and activity patterns of the giant Solomon Islands skink (Corucia zebrata) in a semi-naturalistic enclosure to better understand its thermal biology. The lizards thermoregulated by selecting microhabitats where body temperatures around 30°C could be maintained. Body temperatures were higher on sunny days but variance was similar between weather conditions. Activity was greater in sunny weather but distance traveled was similar. Enclosure design for captive breeding programs needs thermal and structural diversity to allow appropriate activity and thermoregulation.
This document discusses how plant traits can be controlled through environmental factors like light quality, genetics, and genomics. Specifically, it explores how manipulating light wavelength, intensity, photoperiod, and the timing of light exposure can influence gene expression, hormone production and translocation, growth processes, and metabolite accumulation in plants. The document reviews research showing these light-based effects in small crops like microgreens and sprouts, as well as fruits and vegetables. It also discusses opportunities to apply this knowledge to tree crops by controlling photoperiod and using far-red light to stimulate elongation growth. The document concludes that a combination of different light qualities precisely timed may allow steering plant physiology and development for agricultural purposes.
Applications of ecological niche modelling for mapping the risk of Rift Valle...ILRI
Presentation by P.N. Kiunga, P.M. Kitala, K.A. Kipronoh, G. Mosomtai and B. Bett at the 9th biennial scientific conference and exhibition of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 3-5 September 2014.
Chemical communications among plant and animal components are fundamental elements for the functioning and the connectivity of ecosystems. In particular, wound-activated infochemicals trigger specifi c reactions of invertebrates according to evolutionary constraints, permitting them to identify prey cues, escape predators and optimize their behaviors according to.....
Cranberry bog weather conditions and weather-related stress were investigated for development of crop yield prediction models and models to predict daily weather conditions in the bog. Field investigations and data gathering were completed at the Rutgers University Blueberry/Cranberry Research Center experimental bogs in Chatsworth, New Jersey. Study indicated that although cranberries generally exhibit little or no stomatal response to changing atmospheric conditions, the evaluation of weather-related stress could be accomplished via use of micrometeorological data. Definition of weather -related stress was made by establishing critical thresholds of the frequencies of occurrence, and magnitudes of, temperature and precipitation in the bog based on values determined by a review of the literature and a grower questionnaire. Stress frequencies were correlated with cranberry yield to develop predictive models based on the previous season's yield, prior season data, prior and current season data, current season data; and prior and current season data through July 31 of the current season. The predictive ability of the prior season models was best and could be used in crop planning and production. Further examination of bog micrometeorological data permitted the isolation of those weather conditions conducive to cranberry scald and allowed for the institution of a pilot scald advisory program during the 1991 season. The micrometeorological data from the bog was also used to develop models to predict daily canopy temperature and precipitation, based on upper air data, for grower use. Models were developed for each month for maximum and minimum temperatures and for precipitation and generally performed well. The modeling of bog weather conditions is an important first step toward daily prediction of cranberry weather-related stress.
This document discusses assessing environmental vulnerability in the El Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain. Field work was conducted to collect data on abiotic and biotic parameters within the caldera slopes and Llano Basin areas of the park. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were utilized to analyze the study area transects and evaluate environmental vulnerability.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report Working Group 2 and expectations for improvements in the Fifth Assessment Report. Some of the main points from AR4 included a vast amount of observed changes, a wide range of projected future impacts that vary by scenario, and vulnerability exacerbated by other stresses. Many impacts can be avoided or reduced through mitigation. The AR5 is expected to provide more common frameworks for assessing impacts, adaptation, mitigation across regions and sectors, better treatment of extremes, and more comprehensive analysis of costs.
This study examined the body temperatures and activity patterns of the giant Solomon Islands skink (Corucia zebrata) in a semi-naturalistic enclosure to better understand its thermal biology. The lizards thermoregulated by selecting microhabitats where body temperatures around 30°C could be maintained. Body temperatures were higher on sunny days but variance was similar between weather conditions. Activity was greater in sunny weather but distance traveled was similar. Enclosure design for captive breeding programs needs thermal and structural diversity to allow appropriate activity and thermoregulation.
This document discusses how plant traits can be controlled through environmental factors like light quality, genetics, and genomics. Specifically, it explores how manipulating light wavelength, intensity, photoperiod, and the timing of light exposure can influence gene expression, hormone production and translocation, growth processes, and metabolite accumulation in plants. The document reviews research showing these light-based effects in small crops like microgreens and sprouts, as well as fruits and vegetables. It also discusses opportunities to apply this knowledge to tree crops by controlling photoperiod and using far-red light to stimulate elongation growth. The document concludes that a combination of different light qualities precisely timed may allow steering plant physiology and development for agricultural purposes.
Applications of ecological niche modelling for mapping the risk of Rift Valle...ILRI
Presentation by P.N. Kiunga, P.M. Kitala, K.A. Kipronoh, G. Mosomtai and B. Bett at the 9th biennial scientific conference and exhibition of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 3-5 September 2014.
Observations by interested individuals help us better understand local impacts of climate change. Science researchers work with volunteers through citizen science projects to track changes in annual plant blooming, frog calling, bird ranges, and other natural phenomena. This version opens with an example from the North East United States. A similar version is available highlighting the US Southwest.
Observations by interested individuals help us better understand local impacts of climate change. Science researchers work with volunteers through citizen science projects to track changes in annual plant blooming, frog calling, bird ranges, and other natural phenomena. This version opens with an example from the Southwestern United States. A similar version is available highlighting the North East US .
The document discusses developing an Ecological Classification System (ECS) for Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. An ECS integrates vegetation with geophysical features like landforms, topography, soils. It allows managers to better understand habitat quality and quantity for species. Developing an ECS involves collecting vegetation and soil data at sample points, interpreting aerial photos, and mapping ecological land types and their distributions. Climate influences vegetation distributions and Minnesota's landscape results from past glacial activity.
Decreased wind speeds caused by climate change may affect predatory instincts of insects. Read more here: http://blog.worldweatheronline.com/2014/11/13/climate-change-may-alter-predator-prey-balance/
This document describes updates to Version 7.1 of the fire blight prediction model Maryblyt. Maryblyt was originally developed in the 1980s by Paul Steiner and Gary Lightner to predict fire blight infection events in apples and pears. It identifies periods when weather conditions and tree phenology allow for infection, helping growers time antibiotic applications. Version 7.1 provides results nearly identical to the previously validated Version 4.3c while incorporating additional disease phases and updates. The document provides a brief history of Maryblyt's development and the parameters used in its early versions to predict blossom, canker, shoot, and trauma blight infections.
1) The EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program collected data on water chemistry, habitat, algae, macroinvertebrates, and vertebrates from streams in 12 western US states to assess ecological conditions.
2) The study used a random subset of the EMAP data to determine if algal biomass could indicate stream condition. Statistical analyses found relationships between higher algal levels and less canopy cover, more developed land uses, higher nutrient levels, and higher stream order.
3) The results suggest algae can act as a biological indicator of stream health and potential stressors like lack of shade, agriculture, and nutrients.
This study examined the effects of landscape anthropization on the morphology of two pollinator species, Bombus pascuorum and Bombus terrestris. Samples were collected from 47 sites across three landscape types: semi-natural, agricultural, and urban. Morphometric analyses found that increased temperature, which correlated with urbanization, had species-specific effects. For B. pascuorum, higher temperatures were associated with smaller body size, possibly to reduce overheating. For B. terrestris, higher temperatures correlated with greater wing asymmetry as a stress biomarker, rather than changes in body size. These morphological changes could impair the pollination services provided by both species in urban versus semi-natural habitats.
Raj Kumar Sharma is a senior human resources and administration professional with over 11 years of experience in fields such as human resources management, facilities management, vendor management, and project management. He is currently the Head of HR and Administration at RK Autotech Private Limited, where he oversees responsibilities like manpower planning, recruitment, performance management, and statutory compliance. Prior to this, he has worked as the Admin and HR Head for Kochhar Lexserve and as the General Manager of Administration for SCI International Securities India Pvt. Ltd. Sharma holds an LL.B. from University of Gulbarga and a B.A. from Osmania University.
Dow Chemical is committed to using resources efficiently, providing value to stakeholders, and enhancing quality of life. It defines risk management as controlling activities to operate the company effectively. Dow Chemical's risk management goals are to develop a common understanding of risk, consistent reporting, monitor risk, provide feedback, and achieve competitive advantage through better risk allocation. It assesses strategic, financial, operational, human capital, regulatory, and governance risks through scientific assessment, chemical management, and preemptive action.
This document provides a summary of the applicant's qualifications for an administrative or human resources role. In over 10 years, the applicant has gained reliable experience in executive administrative support, human resources, office management, and project management. She possesses in-depth knowledge of policies and procedures as well as strong communication, problem-solving, and supervisory skills. The contact information provided indicates she is seeking new opportunities to utilize her expertise.
Porta Portese has long served as a gathering place and port for Rome, dating back to ancient Roman times. Originally situated outside the city walls, it was used for gardens, shipbuilding, storage, and as a customs entry point. Today it is home to Rome's famous Sunday market, though the area faces challenges like dilapidated infrastructure, traffic issues, and squatting. Any revitalization efforts aim to improve the lives of local residents and merchants while maintaining the cultural character and uses of the space.
Observations by interested individuals help us better understand local impacts of climate change. Science researchers work with volunteers through citizen science projects to track changes in annual plant blooming, frog calling, bird ranges, and other natural phenomena. This version opens with an example from the North East United States. A similar version is available highlighting the US Southwest.
Observations by interested individuals help us better understand local impacts of climate change. Science researchers work with volunteers through citizen science projects to track changes in annual plant blooming, frog calling, bird ranges, and other natural phenomena. This version opens with an example from the Southwestern United States. A similar version is available highlighting the North East US .
The document discusses developing an Ecological Classification System (ECS) for Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. An ECS integrates vegetation with geophysical features like landforms, topography, soils. It allows managers to better understand habitat quality and quantity for species. Developing an ECS involves collecting vegetation and soil data at sample points, interpreting aerial photos, and mapping ecological land types and their distributions. Climate influences vegetation distributions and Minnesota's landscape results from past glacial activity.
Decreased wind speeds caused by climate change may affect predatory instincts of insects. Read more here: http://blog.worldweatheronline.com/2014/11/13/climate-change-may-alter-predator-prey-balance/
This document describes updates to Version 7.1 of the fire blight prediction model Maryblyt. Maryblyt was originally developed in the 1980s by Paul Steiner and Gary Lightner to predict fire blight infection events in apples and pears. It identifies periods when weather conditions and tree phenology allow for infection, helping growers time antibiotic applications. Version 7.1 provides results nearly identical to the previously validated Version 4.3c while incorporating additional disease phases and updates. The document provides a brief history of Maryblyt's development and the parameters used in its early versions to predict blossom, canker, shoot, and trauma blight infections.
1) The EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program collected data on water chemistry, habitat, algae, macroinvertebrates, and vertebrates from streams in 12 western US states to assess ecological conditions.
2) The study used a random subset of the EMAP data to determine if algal biomass could indicate stream condition. Statistical analyses found relationships between higher algal levels and less canopy cover, more developed land uses, higher nutrient levels, and higher stream order.
3) The results suggest algae can act as a biological indicator of stream health and potential stressors like lack of shade, agriculture, and nutrients.
This study examined the effects of landscape anthropization on the morphology of two pollinator species, Bombus pascuorum and Bombus terrestris. Samples were collected from 47 sites across three landscape types: semi-natural, agricultural, and urban. Morphometric analyses found that increased temperature, which correlated with urbanization, had species-specific effects. For B. pascuorum, higher temperatures were associated with smaller body size, possibly to reduce overheating. For B. terrestris, higher temperatures correlated with greater wing asymmetry as a stress biomarker, rather than changes in body size. These morphological changes could impair the pollination services provided by both species in urban versus semi-natural habitats.
Raj Kumar Sharma is a senior human resources and administration professional with over 11 years of experience in fields such as human resources management, facilities management, vendor management, and project management. He is currently the Head of HR and Administration at RK Autotech Private Limited, where he oversees responsibilities like manpower planning, recruitment, performance management, and statutory compliance. Prior to this, he has worked as the Admin and HR Head for Kochhar Lexserve and as the General Manager of Administration for SCI International Securities India Pvt. Ltd. Sharma holds an LL.B. from University of Gulbarga and a B.A. from Osmania University.
Dow Chemical is committed to using resources efficiently, providing value to stakeholders, and enhancing quality of life. It defines risk management as controlling activities to operate the company effectively. Dow Chemical's risk management goals are to develop a common understanding of risk, consistent reporting, monitor risk, provide feedback, and achieve competitive advantage through better risk allocation. It assesses strategic, financial, operational, human capital, regulatory, and governance risks through scientific assessment, chemical management, and preemptive action.
This document provides a summary of the applicant's qualifications for an administrative or human resources role. In over 10 years, the applicant has gained reliable experience in executive administrative support, human resources, office management, and project management. She possesses in-depth knowledge of policies and procedures as well as strong communication, problem-solving, and supervisory skills. The contact information provided indicates she is seeking new opportunities to utilize her expertise.
Porta Portese has long served as a gathering place and port for Rome, dating back to ancient Roman times. Originally situated outside the city walls, it was used for gardens, shipbuilding, storage, and as a customs entry point. Today it is home to Rome's famous Sunday market, though the area faces challenges like dilapidated infrastructure, traffic issues, and squatting. Any revitalization efforts aim to improve the lives of local residents and merchants while maintaining the cultural character and uses of the space.
OLX is an online classifieds marketplace that operates local marketplaces accessible through the internet and mobile apps. Originally founded in 2006, it is now owned by Naspers and operates marketplaces in over 100 countries connecting buyers and sellers. In the Philippines, OLX started as Sulit.com.ph in 2006, which was a classifieds website for Filipinos to buy and sell a wide variety of goods and services. In 2014, Sulit.com.ph was acquired and rebranded as Olx.ph by OLX.
The document discusses plankton, including phytoplankton and zooplankton. It defines plankton and describes the major groups that comprise it, such as phytoplankton including diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and others. It also describes zooplankton groups like cnidarians, ctenophores, rotifers, and flatworms. The document provides details on the characteristics and examples of different plankton taxa.
This document analyzes data on zooplankton vertical distribution and its relationship to oxycline depth in different regions, size classes, and times of day. The data was collected using optical sensors and processed to determine zooplankton biovolume, median depth, and oxycline depth. Relationships between these metrics were compared between the Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay, different size classes, and day versus night to understand how hypoxia affects zooplankton behavior.
Forays and Foraging in Marine ZooplanktonJames Pierson
The document describes a study investigating the foray foraging behavior of marine copepods. It begins by outlining the hypothesis that zooplankton make nighttime forays into food-rich surface waters to balance predation risk with feeding. A numerical model is then used to simulate this behavior and test its effects. Finally, a field study is conducted to directly observe copepods engaged in forays and measure their physiology, finding support for the foray behavior and its impacts on nutrient flux and predator-prey dynamics.
The document summarizes several marine ecosystems and the organisms found within them. It describes plankton as organisms that cannot swim against ocean currents, including photosynthetic phytoplankton like diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, as well as zooplankton that eat other organisms. It also discusses nekton that can swim against currents. Several ecosystems are outlined, such as the rocky intertidal zone, estuaries, coral reefs, the open ocean, deep sea hydrothermal vents, and the challenges of life in each.
Climate-related Changes in Tropical-fruit Flowering Phases in Songkhla Provin...Orca Whale
Abstract: Changes in the timing of plant phenological phases in response to anomalous climate variability and the ongoing anthropogenic climate change have recently been studied in southern Thailand. In this study, we showed the evidence of climate-related changes in flowering phases of 2 tropical-fruit species: mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and longkong (Lansium domesticum Corr.) during 2003-2012. The flowering dates of these tropical fruits recorded at Hat Yai district, Songkhla province and daily climate data were used to assess phenophase response to variations in rainfall and evaporation. With the observed changes in local climate conditions which are defining factors for phenological development of tropical fruits particularly in southern Thailand, the flowering dates of both tropical fruits during 2003-2012 have significantly delayed comparing with the regular pattern in the past. Paradoxically, below-than-normal rainfall was also found in the El Niño years, while La Niña years were found in opposite. In summary, rainfall variations in Hat Yai district, Songkhla province are associated with ENSO. It was evident that the flowering period of tropical fruits tended to shift to the second-half of the year instead of the first-half of the year as usual. The results revealed that, during 33 years (1980-2012), annual rainfall totals, the annual number of rainy days, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures from the Thai Meteorological Department significantly increased by 29.5 mm/year, 0.83 day/year, 0.116 %/year, 0.033 and 0.035°C/year, respectively. These findings suggest that anthropogenically warm climate and its associated inter-annual variations in local weather patterns may to the great extent influence on tropical-fruit phenology and their responses to recent climate change seem to be complex and nonlinear. Therefore, further study is needed to shed more light on such causal-effect linkages and plausible underlying mechanisms.
1) The study compared the drought response and fungicide effects of two riparian tree species, Salix nigra and Platanus occidentalis, to determine their potential for ecological restoration.
2) Results showed Platanus occidentalis grew faster than Salix nigra under drought conditions. Platanus also showed higher photosynthetic rates when drought stressed without fungicide treatment, indicating the native fungi benefited its growth.
3) The findings suggest Platanus occidentalis could be a suitable alternative to Salix nigra for riparian restoration, particularly under drought conditions if native fungi are left undisturbed.
IRJET - Studies on Algal Flora in Fox Sagar Lake, Jeedimetla, HyderabadIRJET Journal
1. The document studied the algal flora in Fox Sagar Lake in Hyderabad, India over a two year period.
2. Four groups of algae were observed - Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Euglenophyceae. Cyanophyceae dominated all groups, making up around 80% of algae.
3. The abundance and distribution of different algal groups varied seasonally and was influenced by environmental factors like temperature, organic matter, nutrients. Cyanophyceae blooms indicated eutrophic conditions in the lake.
Diversity of halophilic mycoflora habitat in saltpans of Tuticorin and Marakk...Open Access Research Paper
Highly diverse biological system of solar salterns with different salinities, often provide high densities of mycofloral populations, makes the salterns excellent model systems for both its diverse and activity. In this study, diversity of halophilic fungi in six stations which includes reservoir, evaporator and crystallizer pond of both Marakkanam and Tuticorin saltpans in relation to environmental parameters were carried out for a period of two years. 95 species of halophilic fungi from water and sediment samples belongs to 41 genera were recorded in both saltpans. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were recorded as dominant, vast differences in growth of each isolate at different salt concentrations in the ponds were observed. This paper also elucidated the slight fluctuations in physico-chemical parameter among the ponds with respect to seasonal variations were also recorded.
- The study analyzed moth collection records from the Pacific Northwest over 100+ years to examine how climate change has affected the seasonal timing of 241 moth species from different functional groups.
- They found that on average, moth species flew 1.9 days earlier per degree Celsius of temperature increase. Early-season and dietary specialist moths were more likely to shift to earlier flight dates in warmer years compared to other moth types.
- The results suggest climate change is affecting moth phenology and the responses vary predictably among functional groups. Early-season and specialist moths showed greater sensitivity to temperature changes in their flight dates.
European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern...Hibrids
This document analyzes phenological data from over 125,000 observational records of plant and animal species across 21 European countries from 1971-2000. It finds that 78% of leafing, flowering and fruiting records showed advancement, with 30% being significantly earlier, while only 3% were significantly delayed. Leaf coloring and fall signals were more ambiguous. On average, spring and summer events advanced 2.5 days per decade. Examining 254 national time series, the study concludes species' phenology responds to temperature in preceding months, with spring advancing 2.5 days for every 1°C increase, and leaf fall delaying 1 day for every 1°C increase. Changes in spring phenology closely matched national warming trends across Europe
This study examined the effects of soil water temperature on root hydraulic resistance (Rh) in six species of Iberian pines. Rh increased for all species as temperature decreased from 30°C to 0°C. Mountain pine species showed consistently higher Rh values than coastal pine species at all temperatures tested. Mountain pines also displayed a more pronounced increase in Rh in response to decreasing temperatures, with their Rh response curves exhibiting a sharper inflection point between 20-10°C. These differences in hydraulic behavior between mountain and coastal pine species support their observed spatial segregation patterns along altitudinal gradients in the Iberian Peninsula, and may influence how these species respond to future climate change.
2013 lima & antonialli junior foraging strategies of the ant ectatomma vizott...Luan Lima
Foraging activity may be limited by
temperature, humidity, radiation, wind, and other abiotic factors, all of which can affect energy costs during foraging. Ectatomma
vizottoi’s biology has only recently been studied, and no detailed information is available on its foraging patterns or diet in the field.
For this reason, and because foraging activity is an important part of the ecological success of social insects, the present study aimed
to investigate E. vizottoi’s foraging strategies and dietary habits. First, we determined how abiotic factors constrained E. vizottoi’s
foraging patterns in the field by monitoring the foraging activity of 16 colonies on eight different days across two seasons. Second,
we characterized E. vizottoi’s diet by monitoring another set of 26 colonies during peak foraging activity. Our results show that E.
vizottoi has foraging strategies that are similar to those of congeneric species. In spite of having a low efficiency index, colonies
adopted strategies that allowed them to successfully obtain food resources while avoiding adverse conditions. These strategies
included preying on other ant species, a foraging tactic that could arise if a wide variety of food items are not available in the
environment or if E. vizottoi simply prefers, regardless of resource availability, to prey on other invertebrates and especially on other
ant species.
This document summarizes several research papers on how weather and climate affect animals. It discusses how temperature changes can impact cold-blooded animals and endangered species. Many animals experience discomfort during extreme heat or cold. The document also reviews how weather influences animal reproduction, metabolism, and corticosterone levels. One study found that weather had little impact on coyote health but more research is needed. Overall, the document analyzes how climate change and environmental conditions significantly impact animal populations and survival.
Climate science and climate change were introduced. Key points included:
- Climate is measured over 30 years and looks at trends, while weather is short term conditions.
- The climate system has 5 main components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
- Natural factors like variations in solar energy and volcanic eruptions can cause climate variability over timescales of years to millennia through changes in radiative forcing.
Aelsdeep Singh Mann Impact of Global Warming On insects THES.docxnettletondevon
Aelsdeep Singh Mann
Impact of Global Warming On insects
THESIS- Global warming is a great concern throughout the world. In nature insects are greatly affected by changing temperature. Insect will experience additional life cycles with rapid growth rate. Because of changes in the population dynamics including distribution and migration the reliability on current insect pest ETL will be reduced. Increased insect pests outbreak will affect agricultural production. Research on basic biology of insect, population dynamics and behavior patterns should be focused to ascertain the effect of global warming on insect behavior Because the insects serve as a warning for other global warming effects.
Generally global warming refers to an increase in average global temperatures. There are many gases like nitrous oxide, methane, nitrogen in atmosphere which keeps the earth warm and cause global warming or greenhouse effect. Global warming is caused by natural as well as human activities. There are number of natural factors responsible for climate change. Some of the most prominent are volcanoes, ocean currents, forest fires etc. Among human activities, emissions of greenhouse gases, industrialization, deforestation, fuel burning, etc. are most important factor contributing towards global warming. It is not new that global warming can affect agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on the crops, soils, livestock, and pests. So, because of global warming insects are effected in many ways. Increased temperature has resulted in increased northward migration of some insects, insect development rate and oviposition, potential for insect outbreaks, invasive species introductions and insect extinctions because, insects are able to respond rapidly to climate changes and adapt to the changing environment due to high reproductive potential and relatively short generation time. Here are some examples of researches conducted in ISRAEL of the species of insects named (Orius). These are the bugs which are mostly generalist predators commonly found in flowers of herbaceous vegetation In this study, there was a Comparison of the relative abundance of Orios species revealed significant differences among years (G12= 1060.2, P,0.0001). The relative abundance of O. laevigates has decreased from 50%, 38% and 60% during 1940–59, 1960–79 and 1980–99, respectively, to 4–6% during 2001–2 and the present survey. In contrast, the relative abundance of O. abidingness has increased gradually from 9% and 1% during 1940–59 and 1960–79, respectively, to 26% during 1980–99 and 65% and 62% in 2001–2 and in the present survey, respectively. There are other effect on the insects listed below
· Effect of global warming on insect biology: Temperature is probably the single most important abiotic factor influencing insect biology. Pests may become more active than they currently are, thus posing the threat of greater economic losses to farmers. It has been estimated that wit.
The influence of Vegetation and Built Environments on Midday Summer Thermal C...Zo Cayetano
The current study assesses the ability of vegetation to improve thermal comfort during desert summers. Microclimate data and fisheye photos were collected at nine sites throughout a single section of Arizona State University campus (Tempe, Arizona) from September 18 to September 29, 2015, when thermal discomfort is at its peak intensity. Among the sites, vegetation varied from desert grasses to nearly full overhead canopy. Other components of urban form, such as proximity to buildings, were controlled among sites but often varied as well. Using the air temperature, humidity and wind speed observations, the RayMan model calculated Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). The model was evaluated and validated using Mean Radiant Temperature data derived from observations of globe temperature. A t-test confirmed that the PET levels of the sunexposed sites were significantly higher than those of shaded sites by 7.7°C regardless of the type of shade. Furthermore, the variation in vegetation did not influence humidity among the sites, and thus did not impact thermal comfort between the same. Sky View Factor was calculated as the percentage of visible sky in each site’s fisheye photo. Midday PET levels only loosely correlated with Sky View Factor, indicating a stronger dependency on momentary than diurnal shading.
This document discusses a study on the effects of herbivory by brant geese and algal blooms on a Zostera marina seagrass community. The study used a factorial experiment to simulate different combinations of clipping/herbivory, algal additions, and nutrient additions. Results showed that clipping significantly reduced seagrass biomass and cover but did not affect its nutrient content. Clipping enhanced seagrass growth after treatment. Algal additions did not affect seagrass directly but a negative relationship was found between green macroalgae and seagrass biomass. Epiphyte biomass on seagrass was also reduced by clipping. Environmental factors like light and
24th Congress for Conservation Biology, Canada 2010Dr. Amalesh Dhar
The document discusses how plant phenology, the timing of recurring life cycle events, is affected by climate change. As temperatures increase, many plant species are flowering and undergoing other phenological events earlier in the spring. However, some late summer species may shift to later dates. This divergence could impact species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Process-based models are useful tools to project future phenology under climate change scenarios, though more data is needed to improve their accuracy, especially regarding responses to additional factors like drought and frost damage.
An introduction to Biometeorology and its application in regards to asthma. It includes also, future ideas to be implemented along this line. Three consecutive years of asthma information and weather information are correlated together in order to find possible indicators to define an asthma index.
One Health Hackathon 25/10/2020 - Cyril CaminadeLaiaBent
Climate change can impact vector-borne diseases like malaria through several mechanisms:
1. Temperature affects vector biting rates, development rates, mortality rates, and the extrinsic incubation period inside the vector. Higher temperatures generally increase these rates.
2. Statistical and mechanistic models are used to model the impact of climate factors like temperature and rainfall on vector-borne disease transmission and burden.
3. Early scenarios from the 1990s predicted that climate change could increase malaria risk at higher latitudes and altitudes. However, the impact of climate change on malaria is complex with many other social and environmental factors also influencing transmission.
- Climate change has led to earlier springs and vegetation growth over the past 27 years, advancing by 0.6 days per year. However, birth timing in roe deer did not advance to match this, remaining stable.
- As a result, the mismatch between birth timing and peak vegetation/resource availability increased by 0.54 days per year, reaching 36 days in 2011.
- Earlier birth timing is favored by selection as it increases early fawn survival, but birth timing shows limited heritability and plasticity in roe deer.
- Increased mismatch led to lower cohort survival, with a 40% decrease in survival for every 1 month increase in mismatch. Individual early survival also decreased linearly once mismatch exceeded 16
Climate change is altering the ecosystem of Windermere lake in the following ways: Warming water temperatures have reduced zooplankton populations and increased the numbers and range of roach fish. This has led to bottom-up effects of increased phytoplankton and top-down impacts such as reduced Arctic charr fish and lower oxygen levels at depth. Path analysis indicates the changes have rippled through the food web, impacting top predators like pike fish, whose diets have shifted over time. Climate change represents a global stressor that cannot be managed locally, and further surprises are expected as species ranges shift in the lake's complex interacting system.
This article examines two aquatic plant species, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton natans, as potential bioindicators of copper concentrations in freshwater. Plant scions of each species were exposed to different concentrations of copper for approximately two weeks. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) was monitored regularly and relative growth rate was calculated at the end. Results showed P. natans was affected by copper concentrations starting at 2 mM, while C. demersum only showed significant reductions from 4 mM copper. Both species can serve as bioindicators, with P. natans indicating medium copper levels and C. demersum detecting higher concentrations.
This study examines the thermal ecology of Ceratophora tennentii, an endangered agamid lizard found only in Sri Lanka's Knuckles Massif cloud forests. Over 165 lizards were observed and their body temperatures measured, along with associated air and substrate temperatures. The results showed that C. tennentii operates at relatively low body temperatures that closely track air temperatures, maintaining on average only 0.8°C above air temperature. This suggests the lizards partially abandon active thermoregulation in favor of thermoconformity due to the thermal challenges of their cloud forest habitat. The study provides novel insights into the thermal biology of this rare species and recommendations for further research needed to aid conservation efforts
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Presentation of our paper, "Towards Quantitative Evaluation of Explainable AI Methods for Deepfake Detection", by K. Tsigos, E. Apostolidis, S. Baxevanakis, S. Papadopoulos, V. Mezaris. Presented at the ACM Int. Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation (MAD’24) of the ACM Int. Conf. on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR’24), Thailand, June 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3643491.3660292 https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.18649
Software available at https://github.com/IDT-ITI/XAI-Deepfakes
Dr. Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet is an innovator in Middle Eastern Studies and approaches her work, particularly focused on Iran, with a depth and commitment that has resulted in multiple book publications. She is notable for her work with the University of Pennsylvania, where she serves as the Walter H. Annenberg Professor of History.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
1. Slide 1 of 11
Changes in zooplankton
phenology at stn MC 1984-2010
Heather Anne Wright
LTER-MC MareChiara meeting
18. October.2012
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
2. Slide 2 of 11
Part I determine phenology
1. plankton taxa selection (20 zooplankton taxa)
2. exploratory data analysis (EDA)
3. identify trends in seasonal and long term abundance
4. determine phenology
5. significant change in phenology by seasons
Part II determine environmental drivers
1. Select environmental parameters/data
2. Calculate anomalies
3. Correlate phenological timing with anomalies (by year)
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Introduction
3. Slide 3 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: plankton taxa selection
Mazzocchi et al., 2011. Zooplankton
associations in a Mediterranean long-
term time-series. JPR 23: 1163–1181.
Heat map analysis
L. Dubroca 1984:2006
C. Tortora 1984:2010
Discrimination using:
cluster analysis
heat map plots
EDA to explore:
abundance
frequency (omit rare)
season of occurrence
To select taxa:
dominant
ecological role
4. Slide 4 of 11
Part I: zooplankton taxa selection
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
5. Slide 5 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: EDA
Season of occurrence + peak
AMJ spring JAS JFM and OND
6. Slide 6 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: identify phenology
p=0.0172
7. Slide 7 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: changes in phenology SPRING taxa
Acartia clausi
∆ phenology 2°
End of season earlier when warmer
JAS_2m vs. 75% *p=0.0388
Centropages typicus
≠ phenology
Trend in 1° NS
End of season earlier when warmer
JAS_int vs. 75% *p=0.0281
Oithona similis
∆ phenology 1°
end of season earlier when warmer
OND_2m vs. 75% *p=0.0399
8. Slide 8 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: changes in phenology SUMMER taxa
Clausocalanus furcatus
∆ phenology 2°
Phenology delayed and shorter
Duration shorter when warmer
JAS_int vs. Duration **p=0.0014
Peak in September
Paracalanus parvus
≠ phenology
Trend in 1° NS
start of season earlier when warmer
MAM_2m vs. 25% *p=0.0174
Peak in peak in August
start of season driven by temp
9. Slide 9 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: changes in phenology AUTUMN taxa
Temora stylifera
∆ phenology
End of season earlier
Peak in October
Calocalanus spp.
∆ phenology 2°
Earlier in spring, later in autumn
Bimodal peak in April and Nov
Correlation with JAS_int Temp.
Chaetognaths
∆ phenology 2°
Peak in October
JAS_2m vs. 75%
End of season is later when
summer temp is higher
10. Slide 10 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Oncaeidae
≠ phenology
No trend in phenology
No correlations with timing vs. Temp
bimodal
appendicularia
≠ phenology
Slight trend in timing vs. Temp
[7:12] vs. OND_2m NS
Removed 1987 and 1998 outliers
bimodal
Cirripedia larvae
≠ phenology
Slight trend in timing vs. Temp
[7:12] vs. JAS_int NS
bimodal
Part I: changes in phenology WINTER taxa
11. Slide 11 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Summary of results (in progress)
Spring taxa:
End of season is significantly correlated with temperature anomalies in summer and
Autumn. Taxa with a June peak are correlated with JAS (summer) temperature and taxa
with a October peak are correlated with OND (autumn) temperature.
Summer taxa:
Start of season in earlier and duration is shorter when temperature anomalies are above
average. Taxa with an August peak are significantly correlated with spring MAM temp.
Autumn taxa:
End of season is earlier for T.stylifera when temp anomalies are higher, but the end of
season later when warmer for other species. Not a consistent trend in Autumn taxa
Winter taxa:
No significant changes in phenology. All selected winter zooplankton taxa are bimodal.
12. Slide 12 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Acknowledgements
LTER-MC and MECA – for sampling and data
Grazia Mazzocchi, SZN – director of studies
Adriana Zingone , SZN– internal advisor
Diana Sarno, SZN – phytoplankton taxonomy
Francesca Margiotta, SZN-MECA
Enzo Saggiomo, SZN-MECA
Laurent Dubroca , IFRMER– external collaborator
Cristina Tortora, SZN – post-doc, collaborator
13. Slide 13 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part I: example of methods
Part II (1995-2010)
Start *p=0.011
Middle **p=0.006
End *p=0.013
Cumulative percentile method:
start 25% middle 50% end 75%
Timing of central tendency [1:12] or [1:6, 7:12]
14. Slide 14 of 11
Changes in zooplankton phenology
Heather.Wright@szn.it
Part II: example of anomalies
What is an anomaly?
The term temperature anomaly means a departure from a reference value or long-
term average. A positive anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was
warmer than the reference value, while a negative anomaly indicates that the
observed temperature was cooler than the reference value.
Reference:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cmb-faq/anomalies.php