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Foray foraging behavior in marine copepods James J Pierson University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Lab Andrew W. Leising NOAA/SWFSC  Environmental Research Division Bruce W. Frost University of Washington School of Oceanography
Overarching theme ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diel Vertical Migration
DVM - Causes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diel Vertical Migration
Midnight Vertical Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Adapted from Pierson et al. 2005.  Prog Oceanogr   67(3/4)
♀♀  Nighttime Vertical Distribution ●—— -● 108–50 m □— —□ 50–25 m ○- - - - ○ 25–0 m Dagg, Frost, & Newton. 1998.  J Mar Sys  15(1-4):503-509
Diel Vertical Migration + Foray Foraging Behavior Hunger/Satiation hypothesis, Pearre 2003
Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Why use Forays? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecological Consequences of Forays? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
But how can we test it? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NUMERICAL MODEL ,[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical model  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing model results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical model uses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Model interface Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005.  Journal of Plankton Research   27 (10):987-1001
Model:  Individual behavior affects distribution Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005.  Journal of Plankton Research   27 (10):987-1001
Model Results –  C. pacificus  ♀♀ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005.  Journal of Plankton Research   27 (10):987-1001
Mortality effects Forays allow for less mortality with higher ingestion Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005.  Journal of Plankton Research   27 (10):987-1001
Fitness ,[object Object],Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005.  Journal of Plankton Research   27 (10):987-1001
FIELD STUDY ,[object Object],[object Object]
Dabob Bay, WA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Field study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trapping Zooplankton: Then ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trapping Zooplankton: Then ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trapping Zooplankton: Now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plummet Net Z-Traps
Trapping Zooplankton: Now Adapted from: Pierson et al. submitted to  Limnology & Oceanography Methods
Trapping limitations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A typical sampling series ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Samples and data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual measurements
Data on Individuals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Calanus pacificus Metridia pacifica
Flux Calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flux Calculations
Trap &  Net data C. pacificus ♀ M. pacifica ♀ C. pacificus ♂ 12 Oct. 2006 (left) 24 Oct. 2006 (right)
Flux 12 Oct. 2006  24-25 Oct. 2006
Individual  morphometrics M. pacifica  ♀ C. pacificus  ♀ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual  physiology I: Gut Fluorescence M. pacifica  ♀ C. pacificus  ♀ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual  physiology II: Gut Fullness M. pacifica  ♀ C. pacificus  ♀ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gut Fluorescence vs.  Gut Fullness Good relationship between our gut content indices
How do model results &  field observations compare? Model results Field  observations Not bad…  But more variability in field measurements Adapted from: Leising et al. 2005  Journal of Plankton Research
Copepods use foray behavior! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Significance? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrient Flux Effects ,[object Object],[object Object]
Next steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Forays and Foraging in Marine Zooplankton

  • 1. Foray foraging behavior in marine copepods James J Pierson University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Lab Andrew W. Leising NOAA/SWFSC Environmental Research Division Bruce W. Frost University of Washington School of Oceanography
  • 2.
  • 4.
  • 6.
  • 7. ♀♀ Nighttime Vertical Distribution ●—— -● 108–50 m □— —□ 50–25 m ○- - - - ○ 25–0 m Dagg, Frost, & Newton. 1998.  J Mar Sys 15(1-4):503-509
  • 8. Diel Vertical Migration + Foray Foraging Behavior Hunger/Satiation hypothesis, Pearre 2003
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Model interface Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005. Journal of Plankton Research 27 (10):987-1001
  • 18. Model: Individual behavior affects distribution Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005. Journal of Plankton Research 27 (10):987-1001
  • 19.
  • 20. Mortality effects Forays allow for less mortality with higher ingestion Adapted from: Leising, Pierson, Cary, & Frost. 2005. Journal of Plankton Research 27 (10):987-1001
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Trapping Zooplankton: Now Adapted from: Pierson et al. submitted to Limnology & Oceanography Methods
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 36. Trap & Net data C. pacificus ♀ M. pacifica ♀ C. pacificus ♂ 12 Oct. 2006 (left) 24 Oct. 2006 (right)
  • 37. Flux 12 Oct. 2006 24-25 Oct. 2006
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41. Gut Fluorescence vs. Gut Fullness Good relationship between our gut content indices
  • 42. How do model results & field observations compare? Model results Field observations Not bad… But more variability in field measurements Adapted from: Leising et al. 2005 Journal of Plankton Research
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.