The document discusses LTE MTC (Machine Type Communications) and scaling the Internet of Things. It outlines the goals of MTC including collecting data from devices, transmitting selected data through networks, and assessing the data. It describes 3GPP's MTC goals such as increasing battery life and reducing costs. Key LTE MTC building blocks are discussed like small data transmission, triggering enhancements, and group-based features. Popular IoT industry use cases are covered for connected cars, oil and gas, smart cities, and health/wearables. Relevant 3GPP standards from Release 13 are summarized including UE categories and power classes. Complimentary standards are also listed.

1. LTE MTC (MACHINE TYPE
COMMUNICATIONS) <> SCALING IOT
Harish Vadada

2. GOALS <> INTERNET OF
THINGS
• Collection of data: M2M communication begins with capturing an event
or taking data (temperature, inventory, etc) using a device (sensor,
meter, etc).
• Transmission of selected data through a communication network: Data
is sent through a network to an application called a server, or to another
device.
• Assessment of the data: when the application receives the data, it
translates it into meaningful information (data stored, threats detected,
etc) in order to be used in practical cases.
• Response to the available information: after receiving and treating the
data, the applications (server or device) could send back an answer to
the device.

3. 3GPP MTC GOALS
• Significantly increases battery life, while reducing cost/complexity and enhancing coverage
• Co-exists with mobile broadband services enabling continued M2M business model innovations
• Mature ecosystem backed by global standards with seamless interoperability
• Robust security features built-in; trusted in government and finance sectors
• Congestion and Overload Control with changes to MTC Architecture changes with IP Addressing and
Identification
• Grouping of MTC devices for ease of control, management, charging facilities, etc., by the operators, and
help in reducing redundant signaling.
• MTC devices infrequently send or receive only small amounts of data and data transmission is only done in
a predefined time period.
• MTC identifiers, addressing issue due to the huge amount of MTC devices and shortage of MSISDNs.
• Low mobility - MTC device does not move frequently.

5. LTE MTC building blocks:
Small data transmission: intended for use with MTC UEs that send or
receive small amounts of data. Also, frequent small data transmission will
be considered.
Triggering enhancements: intended for device triggering by using
reference points between MTC-IWF and serving nodes (i.e., SGSN,
MME, and MSC), as well as triggering efficiency optimizations.
Monitoring: intended for monitoring MTC UE related events such as loss
of connectivity, change of the location of MTC UE, etc.
UE power consumptions optimizations: intended for optimizations to
prevent battery drain of MTC UEs.
Group based features: optimizations to a group of MTC UEs that share
one or more MTC features.

6. <INDUSTRY USE CASES>

7. CONNECTED CARS
• A vehicle capable of optimizing its own operation and maintenance as well as providing convenience and comfort to passengers using onboard
sensors and Internet connectivity.
• A vehicle that provides more “driver-centric” solutions to give the driver increasing functions and improve safety.
• All cars will be connected in the future. We should be talking about connected services. This is a digital lifestyle focused on a user experience via
connectivity.
• A connected car is a component of IoT. Once the car is connected to other “things” it just becomes a component of this market.
• Not everything in the connected car requires use of the Internet. The Internet connection should not be synonymous with the connected car.
• Connected cars require cloud functionality to be part of the offer. A connected car is one that is connected to the Internet and has been around for
15 years
• Collaboration between car makers/OEMs for Off-Peak Diagnostics & S/W
updates
• Integrated Emergency Services and Stolen Vehicle recovery
• Monthly vehicle diagnostic reports and dealership appointment scheduling
and upsell.
• In-car media optimization using LTE network for uploading, downloading
and infotainment.

8. OIL & GAS INDUSTRY (IIOT)
• IoT applications can remotely sense, monitor, and automate dangerous tasks, such as high pressure testing, to
alleviate resource shortfalls.
• In an industry characterized by far-flung operations in often-harsh environments, the IoT can "send" experts
virtually to any location and accelerate production by minimizing downtime.
• IIoT can help operators link remote fields, rigs, drills, and reservoirs to a standards-based network, as well as IT
systems and other data.
• McKinsey study cites worksites such as oil & gas wells and infrastructure construction as lead beneficiaries of IoT
use. They involve vehicles, machines, buildings, fields, roads, dams, bridges, etc.
• Better re-use of existing resources and Infrastructure
• Focus on whole business process instead of isolated processes
• Improved ecosystem efficiency from new dependency discovery
• Existed even before the word “IoT” was coined in the form of
SCADA devices.

9. SMART CITIES
• Smart Cities are a great, burgeoning opportunity for all manner of vendors, from broad-smart-city-wide solution
providers to small single-person start ups that leverage ever increasing data from city-based sources.
• The Smart City concept includes digital city and wireless city. A Smart City describes the integrated management of
information that creates value by applying advanced technologies to search, access, transfer, and process information.
• A Smart City encompasses e-Home, e-Office, e-Government, e-Health, e-Education and e-Traffic.
• It requires an understanding that no one party has all the answers and it requires strong partnerships across the city
and beyond.
• By 2050 an estimated 6 billion people will live in urban areas, amounting to 75% of the global population
• City administration, to streamline management and deliver new services in an efficient
way
• Public safety, to use real-time information to anticipate and respond rapidly to
emergencies and threats
• Transportation, to reduce traffic congestion while encouraging the use of public
transportation by improving the customer experience and making travel more efficient,
secure, and safe
• Utilities, to manage outages, control costs, and deliver only as much energy or water
as is required while reducing waste

10. HEALTH & WEARABLES (HIOT)
• The number of employers offering healthcare coverage is declining, employers and patients question the value
they receive for their healthcare spending.
• Despite medical advances, significant treatment gaps still exist in many areas and patients are not receiving
appropriate care.
• Wearable devices and home health monitoring devices assisting patients are capable enough to transmit vital sign
data from a patient home to the hospital staff
• Some medical device product companies offer a cloud based platform that enables wireless transfer, storage, and
display of clinical data.
• Change Behavior and lower health care costs by keeping a connected patient
• Engage patients for effective remote care and self care
• Expand the toolbox of treatment options and remote monitoring
• Highest and best use of doctors and healthcare providers
• Customer Relation Management improvement Increased proximity/ frequency of interactions with
customers ; high added value services ; differentiation of offers.
• Patients for life, since keeping them satisfied and engaged will reduce churn

11. <REL.13 STANDARDS>

12. • UE Cat 0 with reduced bandwidth of 1.4 MHz in downlink and uplink.
• Reduced maximum transmit power.
• Reduced support for downlink transmission modes.
• Reduced maximum transmit power to 20dBm
• Reduced support for downlink transmission modes.
• Target a relative LTE coverage improvement – corresponding to 15 dB for FDD – for
UEs operating delay tolerant MTC applications with respect to their respective nominal
coverage.
• Relax the requirements that require high levels of processing, e.g. downlink
modulation scheme, reduce downlink HARQ timeline
• Assumptions for capacity estimation
• Daily uplink report of 100 bytes, not sensitive to latency (TR 36.888)
• Ideal scheduling is assumed but all overheads from message header, RRC
connection set-up and release have been included
3GPP.org - RP-141865

13. <UE CATEGORIES>

14. CAT-1 and CAT-0 are lower speed and power versions of the LTE standard which dramatically extend the addressable
market for carriers and chip makers alike. They introduce new IoT targeted features, extend battery operation and lower
the cost of adding LTE connectivity
A lower UE power class will allow integration of power amplifier in single chip solution
Rel-12 introduced a UE power saving mode (PSM) for improved battery life, further battery life improvements are
considered in Rel-13
• UE performs periodic tracking area update (TAU) after which it stays reachable for paging during a configurable Active
timer before it goes to sleep (not reachable)
• More than 10 years battery lifetime with 2 AA batteries can be achieved for delay-tolerant traffic if the TAU cycle is 10
minutes

15. <COMPLIMENTARY
STANDARDS>

16. Standards that complement LTE MTC:
• Sensors & Wireless Technologies
• BLE, 6lowPAN, Thread, SigFox
• Wearables - ANT+, Zigbee, EnOcean
• Device Management
• OMA Lightweight M2M, TR069
• Authentication Technology
• CoAP, OATH 2.0, MQTT
Detailed study of the standards ecosystem - http://goo.gl/4IhGCj

17. IoT cycle of Adoption- where are we?

18. Reach out with questions/suggestions or collaborate with me …… @telecloud_5g