Telstra's 4G network in Australia uses LTE-Advanced technology, providing faster speeds of up to 100Mbps download and 50Mbps upload, lower latency under 100ms, and less congestion compared to older networks. The 4G network operates on Telstra's existing 1800MHz frequency band and uses MIMO technology with two antennas to achieve higher speeds.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
Based on the advantages of products and a deep understanding of the power enterprises demands, ZTE proposes a power grid solution and provides secure, efficient, green, and interactive information services for electric power enterprises to improve the informatization level and increase core competitiveness.
ZTE launch the intelligent campus solution and provide secure, efficient,robust and green service for education institution,help them construct education informatization and combine“production, teaching and research”together.
At a time when new network topologies are developed due to the advent of new operators or users of long-haul optical transmission infrastructure, longer spans and longer all-optical data paths are becoming critical capabilities. This presentation details how advanced optical Raman amplification enables these new network designs and ultra-long-haul transmission of 16QAM/200G carriers as well. This presentation was delivered at WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking EMEA 2015 conference (22-25 June 2015 – Nice, France).
LoRa technology is a wireless transmission technology created for the Internet of Things.
Nowadays, information technology is highly developed, and after the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is attracting widespread attention in society at a rapid pace. With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things and the increasing number of applications, wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc., make it possible to have a wealth of options when building the Internet of Things.
Based on the advantages of products and a deep understanding of the power enterprises demands, ZTE proposes a power grid solution and provides secure, efficient, green, and interactive information services for electric power enterprises to improve the informatization level and increase core competitiveness.
ZTE launch the intelligent campus solution and provide secure, efficient,robust and green service for education institution,help them construct education informatization and combine“production, teaching and research”together.
At a time when new network topologies are developed due to the advent of new operators or users of long-haul optical transmission infrastructure, longer spans and longer all-optical data paths are becoming critical capabilities. This presentation details how advanced optical Raman amplification enables these new network designs and ultra-long-haul transmission of 16QAM/200G carriers as well. This presentation was delivered at WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking EMEA 2015 conference (22-25 June 2015 – Nice, France).
LoRa technology is a wireless transmission technology created for the Internet of Things.
Nowadays, information technology is highly developed, and after the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is attracting widespread attention in society at a rapid pace. With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things and the increasing number of applications, wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc., make it possible to have a wealth of options when building the Internet of Things.
What is LTE technology?
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a long-term evolution technology of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) technology standard developed by the 3GPP (The 3rd Generation Partnership Project) organization, which was officially established and launched in It was formally established and launched at the 3GPP Toronto meeting in December 2004.
The LTE system introduces key technologies such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multi-Input & Multi-Output).
5G Technology Seminar presentation in depth with best illustrations and data from many sources at one place.
Please follow me on social media for more such slides.
DM For any slides preparation.
What are the differences and relationships between LTE-M and NB-IoT?
What is LTE-M?
LTE-M, or LTE-Machine-to-Machine, is an LTE evolution-based IoT technology, called Low-Cost MTC in R12 and LTE enhanced MTC (eMTC) in R13, designed to meet the needs of IoT devices based on existing LTE carriers.
The full name of eMTC is enhanced Machine-Type Communication. It is the LTE network between machines using LTE communication for the IoT. It is often abbreviated as M2M.
A response to the growing interest in IoT and LPWAN, LTE-M is unique in that it can be very energy efficient and transmit up to 10 bytes of data per day, but can also transmit up to one megabit per second. LTE-M serves a very wide range of use cases.
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
1. 4G - LTE-Advanced
Initially available in major cities, airports and selected regional areas in October 2011, Telstra's
4G network offers significantly faster speeds, lower latency, and reduced network congestion.
The 4G network is based on LTE-Advanced - 3GPP Long Term Evolution. LTE is a series of
upgrades to existing UMTS technology and will be rolled out on Telstra's existing 1800MHz
frequency band. This new network boosts peak downloads speeds up to 100Mbps and 50Mbps
upload, latency reduced from around 300ms to less than 100ms, and significantly lower
congestion. For more technical details on peak 4G speeds check out our fastest 4G speed guide.
Most areas in Australia 4G has a 15MHz bandwidth and operates on the following frequency
ranges:
Tower Tx: 1805-1820MHz
Tower Rx: 1710-1725MHz
New South Wales and Victoria have a much smaller bandwidth of 10MHz and operate on the
following frequencies:
Tower Tx: 1805-1815MHz
Tower Rx: 1710-1720MHz
4G bandwidth (ie the width of frequencies we can send and receive on) is critical in supporting
high speed and a high number of users. Because in order for your connection not to get confused
with someone else's, each user is allocated a small sliver of frequencies that they can transmit on
and nobody else can. You'll notice this most during peak usage hours, where as more people start
using the tower it will reduce the width of your (and everyone else's) sliver of frequencies,
resulting in each person getting a reduced download/upload speed.
Naturally this is a very simplified explanation (for more info read up on OFDMA and SCFDMA)
but for our purposes it will suffice.
2. When will I get 4G?
Telstra 4G is advertised as available within 5km of CBD areas and airports offering speeds
between 2Mbps and 40Mbps. When launched the network was limited to major towns and cities,
but since late 2011 the network has expanded to include most major regional towns, with plans
to cover about 66% of the Australian population by mid-2013 by deploying 1000 new base
stations.
The Telstra Next-G 850MHz network will no doubt remain the backbone of Australian mobile
coverage, with LTE 1800MHz serving in high density residential and metro areas effectively
creating a 'hybrid' network. Multi-mode and multi- frequency 4G modems such as the Telstra
320U USB allow seamless transition between 4G and Next-G networks when on the move, often
a slight pause or delay is the most you'll notice when your modem switches over to the other
network.
Why 1800MHz?
Given the big reduction in coverage you might be wondering why Telstra chose to deploy its 4G
network on the 1800MHz band. Like most decisions the biggest factor governing the choice is
money. Already licensed by Telstra, the underutilised 1800MHz network was previously used to
provide 2G voice calling and text messaging services, and 2G EDGE data services (often
indicated by the 'E' symbol on your phone). By converting this band from 2G over to 4G, the
network can be deployed with drastically reduced cost and time to market. Instead of building
new cell towers, the existing 1800MHz antennas could be swapped with antennas designed for
MIMO LTE services and other hardware changes kept to a minimum.
The limited choice of available mobile spectrum means that for the next few years 1800MHz
will remain the band of choice for 4G services. Around 2015 the 700MHz "digital dividend"
band will become available and we can expect to see a much higher performing 4G network with
far greater coverage, speed and signal penetration.
What about backhaul?
With a massive increase in speed, how can the cell tower transmit and retrieve all this extra data
from the Internet? Your 4G connection is only as fast as what the phone tower can provide you.
Older EDGE or HSPA networks can get away with E1 or optical fibre backhaul links (ie the link
that connects the tower into the wider network), but LTE services require a far more advanced
Ethernet-based backhaul link. The transition from circuit-switched to packet switched (IP based)
networks affords better QoS (through MPLS and other link/network layer protocols) and
significant reductions in latency.
3. MIMO
4G uses a technology called MIMO "Multiple In Multiple Out" where your modem uses two
separate antennas at once to deliver super fast speeds.
Normal 3G and Next-G signals are broadcast vertically polarised, where the wave travels "up
and down". LTE MIMO waves are slant polarised where each wave is rotated 45 degrees from
the horizontal, mirrored so the first is at 45 degrees and the other at 135 degrees. This smart little
trick is called polarisation diversity and allows your modem to distinguish two independent
streams of data over the same frequency allocated by the cell tower.
Because our modem has two internal antennas each responsible for receiving one stream of data,
it is absolutely crucial we have two separate external antennas. We cannot use a 'Y' patch lead or
some other trick to connect both ports of the modem into one antenna, nor can we connect both
external antennas into one port.
It is important to know MIMO is switched on and off by the modem. The decision whether to
use MIMO is negotiated with the cell tower, whereby the quality of the received and transmitted
signals are assessed (a metric known as CQI). When signal strength or quality is low it's difficult
for the modem to distinguish between the two data streams, so when signal levels drop below a
4. certain threshold level, MIMO is switched off and the modem operates with only one antenna
(Port 1 on Sierra Wireless modems).