An innovative high voltage-gain boost converter, which is made for home inverters contains the combination
of switched capacitors and coupled inductors made a voltage multiplier, which is used to increase the output
gain of a traditional converter abnormally without using an excessive switching frequency. The setup not only
maximizes the efficiency but also eliminates input current ripple almost, which deduces conduction losses
and current stress of switches causes to greater extension of input source lifetime. In addition, due to the
lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage
spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved. Even the low voltage stress
makes the low-voltage-rated MOSFETs be embraced for reductions conduction losses and expense.
Ultimately, the prototype circuit with 24-V input voltage, 230-V output, and 1000-W output power is operated
to verify its performance. The greatest effectiveness is 97.1 %.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
An Efficient High Gain DC-DC Converter for Automotive ApplicationsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a high gain DC-DC converter which uses a clamp circuit
to achieve soft switching. The proposed converter is designed to supply a
high intensity discharge (HID) lamp used in automobile head lamps. The
converter operates from a 12V input supply and provides an output voltage
of 120V at 35W output power. A clamp circuit consisting of a clamp
capacitor, clamp switch and resonant inductor will help to achieve zero
voltage switching (ZVS) of the both main and clamp switches. The practical
performance of the converter was validated through experimental results.
Results obtained from the prototype hardware prove that the converter meets
the requirements of HID lamp application and can be a very good alternative
to existing converters.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
An Efficient High Gain DC-DC Converter for Automotive ApplicationsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a high gain DC-DC converter which uses a clamp circuit
to achieve soft switching. The proposed converter is designed to supply a
high intensity discharge (HID) lamp used in automobile head lamps. The
converter operates from a 12V input supply and provides an output voltage
of 120V at 35W output power. A clamp circuit consisting of a clamp
capacitor, clamp switch and resonant inductor will help to achieve zero
voltage switching (ZVS) of the both main and clamp switches. The practical
performance of the converter was validated through experimental results.
Results obtained from the prototype hardware prove that the converter meets
the requirements of HID lamp application and can be a very good alternative
to existing converters.
Transformerless DC-DC Converter Using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier to ...IJERA Editor
In the present scenario the use of transformer for high voltages in converter circuit reduces the overall operating
efficiency due to leakage inductance and use of transformer also increases the operational cost. . Therefore the
proposed system is implemented with transformer less DC-DC converter so as to obtain high DC voltage with
the use of nine stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier. The proposed converter operates in CCM
(continuous conduction mode), so that the converter switch stress, the switching losses are reduced. The DC
voltage at the input of the proposed model is low and is boosted up by boost inductor (Ls) in DC-DC converter
stage and performs inverter operation. The number of stages in CW-voltage multiplier circuit is applied with
low input pulsating DC (AC Voltage) voltage where it is getting converted to high DC output voltage. The
proposed converter switches operates at two independent frequencies, modulating (fsm) andalternating (fsc)
frequency. The fsm operates at higher frequency of the output while the fsc operates at lower frequency of the
desired output voltage ripple and the output ripples can be adjusted by the switch Sc1 and Sc2. The regulation of
the output voltage is achieved by controlling the Duty ratio.The simulation is carried over by the MATLABSIMULINK.
Interleaved Boost Converter with Cumulative Voltage Unitpaperpublications3
Abstract: A boost converter is a DC to DC converter with an output voltage greater than the source voltage. But it produces large input current ripple. In order to improve the efficiency of the boost converter and reduce the ripple current, an interleaved boost converter is used. An interleaved boost converter consists of several boost converters connected in parallel with switching frequency and a phase shift of 180˚. A new interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter with the circuit of cumulative voltage unit (CVU) is presented in this work. This converter is suitable for the high gain applications. Only two switches are required to form the boosting path and the interleaved topology. Each CVU module can share common diodes to reduce the number of the components and step up the voltage gain. The interleaved structure in the input end can reduce the power loss in each current-owing component and the input current ripple. The interleaved boost converter with voltage summation unit can be verified by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: Cumulative voltage unit, Boost converter, Interleaved boost converter, Voltage Stress.
Title: Interleaved Boost Converter with Cumulative Voltage Unit
Author: Shyma H, Prof. Smitha Paulose, Prof. Leela Salim
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Swit...paperpublications3
Abstract: Many electronic appliances powered up from the utility, utilize the classical method of AC-DC rectification which involves a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by a large electrolytic capacitor. The uncontrolled charging and discharging of this capacitor instigates harmonic rich current being drawn from the utility which goes against the international power quality standard limits. Personal computer (PC) is one of the electronic equipment which is severely affected by power quality problems. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an integral part of the computer that converts AC to multiple numbers of suitable DC voltages to impart power to different parts of the PC. It contains a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with a capacitor filter followed by an isolated DC-DC converter to achieve multiple dc output voltages of different ratings. That result in a highly distorted, high crest factor, periodically dense input current at the single phase ac mains; this violates the limits of international power quality (PQ) standards such as IEC 61000 -3-2 . Employing various power factor corrected (PFC) single-stage and two stage converters effect a perceivable PQ improvement in these SMPSs. Hence from the analysis of different power factor converters a bridgeless buck boost converter is designed and implemented here for near unity power factor.
Keywords: Switched mode power supplies(SMPS), Power Factor correction(PFC) Converter, Power Quality, DC-to-DC Converters, AC-DC rectification.
Title: Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Switched Mode Power Supply
Author: Stephy Mathew, Asst. Prof. Nayana J, Asst. Prof. Remya K P
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
A Comparative Study of Various AC-DC Converters for Low Voltage Energy Harves...paperpublications3
Abstract: Electromagnetic microscale and mesoscale power generators with low voltage outputs are now widely used as kinetic energy harvesters. The extrinsic vibrations on the generator can excite the internal oscillations between the proof mass magnet and the electrical damper coils. These oscillations produce a periodically varying magnetic flux in coil, inducing a corresponding AC output voltage. This output can be converted to dc and can be used to supply power to electronic loads. The conventional AC-DC converters for energy harvesting system with diode rectifiers suffer considerable voltage drop resulting increase in power loss of circuitry and complexity. As a remedy various bridgeless boost converters were designed and implemented. Standard H bridge converter with 4 switch or 2 switch, dual polarity boost converters, parallel combination of boost and buck-boost converter, integrated boost and buck-boost combination bridgeless rectifier are some of these. These circuits are studied, simulated and compared. The simulation models are drawn and simulated using MATLAB R2010a.
High Efficiency Dc-Dc Converter for Renewable Energy Applications and High Vo...IOSRJEEE
Renewable sources like solar PV cell is prefer to be operated at low voltages. This paper proposes a novel high voltage gain, high efficiency dc-dc converter based on coupled inductor, intermediate capacitor. The input energy acquired from the source is first stored in the coupled inductor and intermediate capacitor in a lossless manner. Improve the voltage gain and efficiency of the system. Exorbitant duty cycle values are not required for high voltage gain, when prevent the problems such as diode reverse recovery. Presence of a passive clamp network causes reduced voltage stress on the switch. Overall performance of the renewable energy with a step-up DC/DC converter using closed loop control action is used in the proposed system, improving the overall efficiency of the system.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
A dual active bridge dc-dc converter for application in a smart user networkAlessandro Burgio
Abstract—The paper presents a dual active bridge converter, i.e. an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter composed of two full-bridge DC/AC converters and an isolation high frequency (HF) transformer, useful for application in a DC-powered microgrid. The dual active bridge converter connects a battery energy storage system to a DC bus so to provide a high level of reliability and resilience to grid disturbances. In particular, the proposed converter ensures a stable DC bus voltage when the microgrid is operated in islanded mode. Numerical results demonstrate the good dynamic response of the converter under transient condition of
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Single Phase Matrix Converter for Input Power Factor Improvementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Transformerless DC-DC Converter Using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier to ...IJERA Editor
In the present scenario the use of transformer for high voltages in converter circuit reduces the overall operating
efficiency due to leakage inductance and use of transformer also increases the operational cost. . Therefore the
proposed system is implemented with transformer less DC-DC converter so as to obtain high DC voltage with
the use of nine stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier. The proposed converter operates in CCM
(continuous conduction mode), so that the converter switch stress, the switching losses are reduced. The DC
voltage at the input of the proposed model is low and is boosted up by boost inductor (Ls) in DC-DC converter
stage and performs inverter operation. The number of stages in CW-voltage multiplier circuit is applied with
low input pulsating DC (AC Voltage) voltage where it is getting converted to high DC output voltage. The
proposed converter switches operates at two independent frequencies, modulating (fsm) andalternating (fsc)
frequency. The fsm operates at higher frequency of the output while the fsc operates at lower frequency of the
desired output voltage ripple and the output ripples can be adjusted by the switch Sc1 and Sc2. The regulation of
the output voltage is achieved by controlling the Duty ratio.The simulation is carried over by the MATLABSIMULINK.
Interleaved Boost Converter with Cumulative Voltage Unitpaperpublications3
Abstract: A boost converter is a DC to DC converter with an output voltage greater than the source voltage. But it produces large input current ripple. In order to improve the efficiency of the boost converter and reduce the ripple current, an interleaved boost converter is used. An interleaved boost converter consists of several boost converters connected in parallel with switching frequency and a phase shift of 180˚. A new interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter with the circuit of cumulative voltage unit (CVU) is presented in this work. This converter is suitable for the high gain applications. Only two switches are required to form the boosting path and the interleaved topology. Each CVU module can share common diodes to reduce the number of the components and step up the voltage gain. The interleaved structure in the input end can reduce the power loss in each current-owing component and the input current ripple. The interleaved boost converter with voltage summation unit can be verified by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: Cumulative voltage unit, Boost converter, Interleaved boost converter, Voltage Stress.
Title: Interleaved Boost Converter with Cumulative Voltage Unit
Author: Shyma H, Prof. Smitha Paulose, Prof. Leela Salim
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Swit...paperpublications3
Abstract: Many electronic appliances powered up from the utility, utilize the classical method of AC-DC rectification which involves a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by a large electrolytic capacitor. The uncontrolled charging and discharging of this capacitor instigates harmonic rich current being drawn from the utility which goes against the international power quality standard limits. Personal computer (PC) is one of the electronic equipment which is severely affected by power quality problems. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an integral part of the computer that converts AC to multiple numbers of suitable DC voltages to impart power to different parts of the PC. It contains a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with a capacitor filter followed by an isolated DC-DC converter to achieve multiple dc output voltages of different ratings. That result in a highly distorted, high crest factor, periodically dense input current at the single phase ac mains; this violates the limits of international power quality (PQ) standards such as IEC 61000 -3-2 . Employing various power factor corrected (PFC) single-stage and two stage converters effect a perceivable PQ improvement in these SMPSs. Hence from the analysis of different power factor converters a bridgeless buck boost converter is designed and implemented here for near unity power factor.
Keywords: Switched mode power supplies(SMPS), Power Factor correction(PFC) Converter, Power Quality, DC-to-DC Converters, AC-DC rectification.
Title: Power Factor Corrected Bridgeless Converter Based Improved Power Quality Switched Mode Power Supply
Author: Stephy Mathew, Asst. Prof. Nayana J, Asst. Prof. Remya K P
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
A Comparative Study of Various AC-DC Converters for Low Voltage Energy Harves...paperpublications3
Abstract: Electromagnetic microscale and mesoscale power generators with low voltage outputs are now widely used as kinetic energy harvesters. The extrinsic vibrations on the generator can excite the internal oscillations between the proof mass magnet and the electrical damper coils. These oscillations produce a periodically varying magnetic flux in coil, inducing a corresponding AC output voltage. This output can be converted to dc and can be used to supply power to electronic loads. The conventional AC-DC converters for energy harvesting system with diode rectifiers suffer considerable voltage drop resulting increase in power loss of circuitry and complexity. As a remedy various bridgeless boost converters were designed and implemented. Standard H bridge converter with 4 switch or 2 switch, dual polarity boost converters, parallel combination of boost and buck-boost converter, integrated boost and buck-boost combination bridgeless rectifier are some of these. These circuits are studied, simulated and compared. The simulation models are drawn and simulated using MATLAB R2010a.
High Efficiency Dc-Dc Converter for Renewable Energy Applications and High Vo...IOSRJEEE
Renewable sources like solar PV cell is prefer to be operated at low voltages. This paper proposes a novel high voltage gain, high efficiency dc-dc converter based on coupled inductor, intermediate capacitor. The input energy acquired from the source is first stored in the coupled inductor and intermediate capacitor in a lossless manner. Improve the voltage gain and efficiency of the system. Exorbitant duty cycle values are not required for high voltage gain, when prevent the problems such as diode reverse recovery. Presence of a passive clamp network causes reduced voltage stress on the switch. Overall performance of the renewable energy with a step-up DC/DC converter using closed loop control action is used in the proposed system, improving the overall efficiency of the system.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
A dual active bridge dc-dc converter for application in a smart user networkAlessandro Burgio
Abstract—The paper presents a dual active bridge converter, i.e. an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter composed of two full-bridge DC/AC converters and an isolation high frequency (HF) transformer, useful for application in a DC-powered microgrid. The dual active bridge converter connects a battery energy storage system to a DC bus so to provide a high level of reliability and resilience to grid disturbances. In particular, the proposed converter ensures a stable DC bus voltage when the microgrid is operated in islanded mode. Numerical results demonstrate the good dynamic response of the converter under transient condition of
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Single Phase Matrix Converter for Input Power Factor Improvementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Extremely high duty cycle of boost converter may result in higher conduction losses. To achieve a high
conversion ratio without operating at extremely high duty ratio, some converters based on transformers or coupled
inductors or tapped inductors have been provided. However, the leakage inductance in the transformer, coupled
inductor or tapped inductor will cause high voltage spikes in the switches and reduce system efficiency. A novel
single switch cascaded dc-dc converter of boost and buck boost converters have extended voltage conversion ratio
to d/(1-d)2. The features of the converter are high voltage gain; only one switch for realizing the converter, the
number of magnetic components is small etc. So comparing with other topologies cascaded converter is more
effective. Simulation of the converter for a dc input voltage and fixed duty cycle was done, and the same was
verified experimentally for a low input voltage. The software used for simulation was MatlabR2014a
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
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Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...ijitjournal
T
his paper
presents
a
ste
p up DC
-
to
-
DC converter with
hybrid switch capacitor technique having
high
voltage conversion ratio with small
switch voltage stress
. The converter is suitable for the applications
where high voltage conversion is required. The proposed
DC
-
DC converter
has low voltage ratted
MOSFET switch and is connected to PV array to get high output voltage at small duty ratios.
Hence it has
high efficiency.
The principles of operations and the theoretical analysis are presented in this paper.
All the
simulations are
done in MATLAB
-
SIMULINK Environment and
results were obtained with voltage
conversion ratio of 4.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Transformer less Boost Converter Topologies with Improved Voltage Gain Operat...IJMER
In this project, a new step up converter proposed in a recent work is analyzed, designed, simulated with MATLAB Simulink. Conventional dc–dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformer less dc–dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple.
This paper presents a step up DC-to-DC converter with hybrid switch capacitor technique having high voltage conversion ratio with small switch voltage stress . The converter is suitable for the applications where high voltage conversion is required. The proposed DC-DC converter has low voltage ratted MOSFET switch and is connected to PV array to get high output voltage at small duty ratios. Hence it has high efficiency. The principles of operations and the theoretical analysis are presented in this paper. All the simulations are done in MATLAB- SIMULINK Environment and results were obtained with voltage conversion ratio of 4.9.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Abstract: Energy from the sun and the wind can alleviate the pressure on traditional sources that has been considerably depleted. Many stages of renewable energy conversion require DC-DC converters with high voltage gain and high power. The applications where electrical isolation is not necessary, transformer less high gain converters can be used in order to avoid the difficulty of using large capacity transformers. This is a step up resonant converter which can achieve high voltage-gain using LC parallel resonant tank. Zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of semiconductor devices in a resonant converter can be achieved by resonant devices. It is characterized by ZVS turn-on and nearly ZVS turn-off of main switches. Moreover, the equivalent voltage stress of the semiconductor devices is lower than other resonant step up converters. A resonant converter is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental results are also verified.
Keywords: Frequency Modulation, Resonant Converter, Zero Voltage Switching, Voltage Stress.
Title: Variable Switching Frequency Based Resonant Converter
Author: Anooja Shahul, Prof. Annie P Oommen, Prof. Sera Mathew
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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2. 42 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Low Current Ripple, High Efficiency Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier
single-switch converters are unsuitable to operate
at heavy load given a large input current ripple,
which increases conduction losses.
The conventional interleaved boost converter is
an excellent candidate for high-power applications
and power factor correction. Unfortunately, the
step-up gain is limited, and the voltage stresses on
semiconductor components are equal to output
voltage.
Hence, based on the aforementioned
considerations, modifying a conventional
interleaved boost converter for high step-up and
high-power application is a suitable approach. To
integrate switched capacitors into an interleaved
boost converter may make voltage gain reduplicate,
but no employment of coupled inductors causes
the step-up voltage gain to be limited [32], [33].
Oppositely, to integrate only coupled inductors
into an interleaved boost converter may make
voltage gain higher and adjustable, but no
employment of switched capacitors causes the
step-up voltage gain to be ordinary [34], [35].
Thus, the synchronous employment of coupled
inductors and switched capacitors is a better
concept; moreover, high step-up gain, high
efficiency, and low voltage stress are achieved even
for high-power applications [36]–[43].
The proposed converter is a conventional
interleaved boost converter integrated with a
voltage multiplier module, and the voltage
multiplier module is composed of switched
capacitors and coupled inductors shown in Fig. 2.
The coupled inductors can be designed to extend
step-up gain, and the switched capacitors offer
extra voltage conversion ratio. In addition, when
one of the switches turns off, the energy stored in
the magnetizing inductor will transfer via three
respective paths; thus, the current distribution not
only decreases the conduction losses by lower
effective current but also makes currents through
some diodes decrease to zero before they turn off,
which alleviate diode reverse recovery losses.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Ns1 Ns2
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Fig. 2. Proposed high gain converter
The advantages of the proposed converter are as
follows.
1) The proposed converter is characterized by low
input current ripple and low conduction losses,
which increases the lifetime of renewable energy
sources and makes it suitable for high-power
applications.
2) The converter achieves the high step-up gain
that renewable energy systems require.
3) Due to the lossless passive clamp performance,
leakage energy is recycled to the output
terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the
main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency
is improved.
4) Low cost and high efficiency are achieved by
employment of the low-voltage-rated power
switch with low RDS(ON);also, the voltage stresses
on main switches and diodes are substantially
lower than output voltage.
5) The inherent configuration of the proposed
converter makes some diodes decrease
conduction losses and alleviate diode reverse
recovery losses.
II. OPERATING PRINCIPLES
The proposed high step-up interleaved converter
with a voltage multiplier module is shown in Fig. 2.
The voltage multiplier module is composed of two
coupled inductors and two switched capacitors and
is inserted between a conventional interleaved
boost converter to form a modified boost–fly
back–forward interleaved structure.
When the switches turn off by turn, the phase
whose switch is in OFF state performs as a fly back
converter, and the other phase whose switch is in
ON state performs as a forward converter.
Primary windings of the coupled inductors with
Np turns are employed to decrease input current
ripple, and secondary windings of the coupled
inductors with Ns turns are connected in series to
extend voltage gain. The turn ratios of the coupled
inductors are the same. The coupling references of
the inductors are denoted by “·” and “∗”.
The equivalent circuit of the proposed converter
is shown in Fig. 3, where Lm1 and Lm2 are the
magnetizing inductors; Lk1 and Lk2 represent the
leakage inductors; Ls represents the series leakage
inductors in the secondary side; S1 and S2 denote
the power switches; Cc1 and Cc2are the switched
capacitors; and C1, C2, and C3 are the output
capacitors. Dc1 and Dc2 are the clamp diodes, Db1
and Db2 represent the output diodes for boost
operation with switched capacitors, Df1 and Df2
3. 43 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 03 | March 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
represent the output diodes for fly back–forward
operation, and n is defined as turn ratio Ns/Np.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of proposed converter
Fig. 4. Steady waveforms of proposed converter
In the circuit analysis, the proposed converter
operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM),
and the duty cycles of the power switches during
steady operation are greater than 0.5 and are
interleaved with a 180◦ phase shift. The key
steadywaveform in one switching period of the
proposed converter contains six modes, which are
depicted in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 shows the topological
stages of the circuit.
Mode I [t0 to t1]: At t = t0, the power switch S2
remains in ON state, and the other power switch S1
begins to turn on. The diodes Dc1, Dc2, Db1, Db2, and
Df1 are reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 5. The
series leakage inductors Ls quickly release the
stored energy to the output terminal via fly back–
forward diode Df2, and the current through series
leakage inductors Ls decreases to zero. Thus, the
magnetizing inductor Lm1 still transfers energy to
the secondary side of coupled inductors. The
current through leakage inductor Lk1 increases
linearly, and the other current through leakage
inductor Lk2 decreases linearly.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
Fig. 5. Mode – I operation
Mode II [t1 to t2]: At t = t1, both of the power
switches S1 and S2 remain in ON state, and all
diodes are reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 6.
Both currents through leakage inductorsLk1 and
Lk2 are increased linearly due to charging by input
voltage source Vin.
Mode III [t2to t3]: At t = t2, the power switch S1
remains in ON state, and the other power switch S2
begins to turn off. The diodes Dc1, Db1, and Df2 are
reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 7. The energy
stored in magnetizing inductor Lm2 transfers to the
secondary side of coupled inductors, and the
current through series leakage inductors Ls flows
to output capacitor C3 via fly back–forward
diodeDf1. The voltage stress on power switch S2 is
clamped by clamp capacitor Cc1 which equals the
output voltage of the boost converter. The input
voltage source, magnetizing inductor Lm2, leakage
inductor Lk2, and clamp capacitor Cc2 release
energy to the output terminal; thus, VC1 obtains a
double output voltage of the boost converter.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
Fig. 6. Mode – II operation
4. 44 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Low Current Ripple, High Efficiency Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
Fig. 7. Mode – III operation
Mode IV [t3 to t4]: At t = t3, the current iDc2 has
naturally decreased to zero due to the magnetizing
current distribution, and hence, diode reverse
recovery losses are alleviated and conduction
losses are decreased. Both power switches and all
diodes remain in previous states except the clamp
diode Dc2, as shown in Fig. 8.
Mode V [t4 to t5]: At t = t4, the power switch S1
remains in ON state, and the other power switch S2
begins to turn on. The diodes Dc1, Dc2, Db1, Db2, and
Df2 are reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 9. The
series leakage inductors Ls quickly release the
stored energy to the output terminal via fly
back–forward diode Df1,and the current through
series leakage inductors decrease to zero. Thus, the
magnetizing inductor Lm2 still transfers energy to
the secondary side of coupled inductors. The
current through leakage inductor Lk2increases
linearly, and the other current through leakage
inductor Lk1 decreases linearly.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
Fig. 8. Mode – IV operation
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
Fig. 9. Mode – V operation
Mode VI [t5 to t6]: At t = t5, both of the power
switches S1 and S2 remain in ON state, and all
diodes are reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 10.
Both currents through leakage inductors Lk1 and
Lk2 are increased linearly due to charging by input
voltage source Vin.
Mode VII [t6 to t7]: At t = t6, the power switch S2
remains in ON state, and the other power
switch S1 begins to turn off. The diodes Dc2, Db2,
and Df1 are reversed biased, as shown in Fig. 11.
The energy stored in magnetizing inductor Lm1
transfers to the secondary side of coupled
inductors, and the current through series leakage
inductors flows to output capacitor C2via fly
back–forward diode Df2. The voltage stress on
power switch S1 is clamped by clamp capacitor Cc2
which equals the output voltage of the boost
converter. The input voltage source, magnetizing
inductor Lm1, leakage inductor Lk1, and clamp
capacitor Cc1 release energy to the output terminal;
thus, VC1 obtains double output voltage of the
boost converter.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
io
Fig. 10. Mode – VI operation
5. 45 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 03 | March 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
io
Fig. 11. Mode – VII operation
Mode VIII [t7 to t8]: At t = t7, the current iDc1 has
naturally decreased to zero due to the magnetizing
current distribution, and hence, diode reverse
recovery losses are alleviated and conduction
losses are decreased. Both power switches and all
diodes remain in previous states except the clamp
diode Dc1, as shown in Fig. 12.
Vin
S1
S2
Cc1
Cc2
Db1
Db2
Dc1
Dc2
Np1
Np2
Lk1
Lk2
Ns1 Ns2
Ls
Df1
Df2
C3
C2
C1
R0
Lm1
Lm2
ilk1
ilk2
ils
io
Fig. 12. Mode – VIII operation
III. STEADY STATE ANALYSIS
The transient characteristics of circuitry are
disregarded to simplify the circuit performance
analysis of the proposed converter in CCM, and
some formulated assumptions are as follows.
1) All of the components in the proposed
converter are ideal.
2) Leakage inductors Lk1, Lk2, and Ls are
neglected.
3) Voltages on all capacitors are considered to be
constant
4) Due to the completely symmetrical interleaved
structure, the related components are defined
as the corresponding symbols such as Dc1and
Dc2defined as Dc.
A. Step-Up Gain
The voltage on clamp capacitor Cc can be
regarded as an output voltage of the boost
converter; thus, voltage VCccan be derived from
𝑉𝐶𝑐 =
1
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 1
When one of the switches turns off, voltage
VC1can obtain a double output voltage of the boost
converter derived from
𝑉𝐶1
=
1
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 + 𝑉𝐶 𝑐
=
2
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 2
The output filter capacitors C2 and C3 are
charged by energy transformation from the primary
side. When S2 is in ON state and S1 is in OFF state,
VC2 is equal to the induced voltage of Ns1 plus the
induced voltage of Ns2, and when S1 is in ON state
and S2 is in OFF state, VC3 is also equal to the
induced voltage of Ns1 plus the induced voltage of
Ns2. Thus, voltages VC2 and VC3 can be derived from
𝑉𝑐2 = 𝑉𝑐3 = 𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛 1 +
𝐷
1 − 𝑑
=
𝑛
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 3
The output voltage can be derived from
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑐1 + 𝑉𝑐2 + 𝑉𝑐3 =
2𝑛 + 2
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 4
In addition, the voltage gain of the proposed
converter is
𝑣 𝑂
𝑣𝑖𝑛
=
2𝑛 + 2
1 − 𝐷
5
Equation (5) confirms that the proposed
converter as a high step-up voltage gain without an
extreme duty-cycle. When the duty cycle is merely
0.6, the voltage-gain reaches ten at a turn ratio n of
one; the voltage gain reaches 30 at a turn ratio n of
five.
B. Voltage Stress on Semiconductor Component
The voltage ripples on the capacitors are ignored
to simplify the voltage stress analysis of the
components of the proposed converter. The voltage
stress on power switch S is clamped and derived
from
𝑉𝑠1 = 𝑉𝑠2 =
2
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
1
2𝑛 + 2
𝑉𝑜 6
Equation (6) confirms that low-voltage-rated
MOSFET with low RDS(ON) can be adopted for the
proposed converter to reduce conduction losses
and costs. The voltage stress on the power switch S
6. 46 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Low Current Ripple, High Efficiency Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier
accounts for a fourth of output voltage Vo, even if
turn ratio n is one. This feature makes the
proposed converter suitable for high step-up and
high-power applications
The voltage stress on diode Dc is equal to VC1, and
the voltage stress on diode Db is voltage VC1 minus
voltage VCc. These voltage stresses can be derived
from
𝑉𝐷𝑐1 = 𝑉𝐷𝑐2 =
2
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
1
𝑛 + 1
𝑉𝑜 7
𝑉𝐷𝑏1 = 𝑉𝐷𝑏2 = 𝑉𝑐1 − 𝑉𝑐2 =
1
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
1
2𝑛 + 2
𝑉𝑜 8
The voltage stress on diode Db is close to the
voltage stress on power switch S. Although the
voltage stress on diode Dc is larger, it accounts for
only half of output voltage Vo at a turn ratio n of
one. The voltage stresses on the diodes are lower as
the voltage gain is extended by increasing turn
ratio n. The voltage stress on diode Df equals the
VC2 plus VC3, which can be derived from
𝑉𝐷𝑓1 = 𝑉𝐷𝑓2 =
2𝑛
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
𝑛
𝑛 + 1
𝑉𝑜 9
Although the voltage stress on the diode Df
increases as the turn ratio n increases, the voltage
stress on the diodes Df is always lower than the
output voltage.
The relationship between the voltage stresses on
all the semiconductor components and the turn
ratio n is illustrated.
C. Analysis of Conduction Losses
Some conduction losses are caused by
resistances of semiconductor components and
coupled inductors. Thus, all the components in the
proposed converter are not assumed to be ideal,
except for all the capacitors. Diode reverse recovery
problems, core losses, switching losses, and the
equivalent series resistance of capacitors are not
discussed in this section. The characteristics of
leakage inductors are disregarded because of
energy recycling.
The equivalent circuit, which includes the
conduction losses of coupled inductors and
semiconductor components, in which rL1 and rL2
are the copper resistances of the primary windings
of the coupled inductor; rLs represents the copper
resistances of the secondarywindings of the
coupled inductors; 𝑟𝐷𝑆1 and 𝑟𝐷𝑆2 denote the
on-resistances of power switches; VDc1, VDc2, VDb1,
VDb2, 𝑉 𝐷𝑓1, and 𝑉𝐷𝑓2denote the forward biases of the
diodes; and 𝑟𝐷𝑐1 , 𝑟𝐷𝑐2 , 𝑟𝐷𝑏1 , 𝑟𝐷𝑏2 , 𝑟𝐷𝑓1 , and 𝑟𝐷𝑓2 are the
resistances of the diodes.
Small-ripple approximation was used to
calculate conduction losses. Thus, all currents that
pass through components were approximated by
the dc components. The magnetizing currents and
capacitor voltages are assumed to be constant
because of the infinite values of magnetizing
inductors and capacitors. Finally, through
voltage-second balance and capacitor-charge
balance, the voltage conversion ratio with
conduction losses can be derived from
𝑉𝑜
𝑉𝑖𝑛
=
2𝑛 + 2
1 − 𝐷 −
1
𝑣𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝐷𝑐 + 𝑉𝐷𝑏 + 2𝑉𝐷𝑓
1 +
2𝑑 − 1 𝑟𝑤 + 𝑟𝑥
𝑟𝑜 1 − 𝐷
+
2𝐷 − 1 𝑟 𝑦
+ 𝑟𝑧
𝑟𝑜 1 − 𝐷
10
where
𝑟𝑤 = 2 2 − 𝐷 𝑛 + 1 − 1.5 𝑟𝐷𝑠 + 4𝑛 1 − 𝐷 𝑟𝑑𝑐
𝑟𝑥 = 2𝑛 2𝑛 + 1 𝑟𝐷𝑠 + 2𝑛 + 2 2𝑛𝐷 + 2𝐷 − 1 𝑟𝐿
𝑟𝑦 = 2 1 − 2𝑛 𝑟𝐷𝑐 + 0.5𝑟𝐷𝑏
𝑟𝑤 = 4𝑛2
𝑟𝐿 + 2 𝑟𝐿𝑠 + 𝑟𝑑𝑓
Because the turn ratio n and copper resistances
of the secondary windings of the coupled inductors
are directly proportional, the copper resistances of
the coupled inductors can be expressed as
𝑟𝑙𝑠 = 2𝑛. 𝑟𝐿
Efficiency is expressed as follows:
𝜂 =
1 −
1 − 𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛 2𝑛+2
𝑉𝐷𝑐+𝑉𝐷𝑏 +2𝑉𝐷𝑓
1 +
2𝐷 − 1 𝑟𝑤+𝑟 𝑥
𝑅 𝑜 1 − 𝐷 2 +
2𝐷 − 1 𝑟𝑦 + 𝑟𝑧
𝑅 𝑜 . 1 − 𝐷
11
On the basis of (11), it can be inferred that the
efficiency will be higher if the input voltage is
considerably higher than the summation of the
forward biases of all the diodes or if the resistance
of the load is substantially larger than the
resistances of coupled inductors and
semiconductor components. In addition, the
maximal effect for efficiency is duty cycle, and the
secondary is the copper resistance of coupled
inductors.
D. Performance of Current Distribution
The inherent configuration of the proposed
converter makes the energy stored in magnetizing
inductors transfer via three respective paths as one
of the switches turns off. Thus, the current
distribution decreases the conduction losses by
lower effective value of current and increases the
capacity by lower peak value of current. In
addition, if the load is not heavy enough, currents
through some diodes decrease to zero before they
7. 47 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 03 | March 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
turn off, which alleviate diode reverse recovery
losses.
Under light-/medium-load condition, the
currents through diodes Db and Dc decrease to
zero before they turn off. When the load is
continuously added, only the current 𝑖 𝐷𝑐
decreases to zero before diode Dc turns off. Under
heavy load, although every current through the
diode cannot decrease to zero before the related
diode turns off, the reduction of conduction
lossesand the increase of capacity still perform
well.
E. Consideration for Applications of Renewable
Energy Source and Low-Voltage Source
Many low-voltage sources, such as battery, and
renewable energy sources, such as solar cell or fuel
cell stack, need a high step-up conversion to
supply power to high-voltage applications and
loads. However, an excellent high step-up
converter not only supplies efficient step-up
conversion but also should lengthen the lifetime of
sources such as battery set and fuel cell stack.
Thus, suppression of input current ripple for
lengthening the lifetime of sources is also a main
design consideration.
The proposed converter can satisfy the
aforementioned applications even for high-power
load due to the interleaved structure, which makes
the power source or battery set discharge
smoothly. The proposed converter operated in CCM
is even more suitable than that operated in
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for
suppression of input current ripple, because the
peak current in DCM is larger. For PV system,
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an
important consideration, and MPPT is
implemented by adjusting the duty cycle within a
range.
However, the duty cycles of the proposed
converter are greater than 0.5 due to the
interleaved structure. Thus, if the proposed
converter operates in some PV system, which must
be satisfied with enough output voltage, duty cycle
limitation, and MPPT, the turn ratio n should be set
to make the maximum power point easily located in
duty cycles greater than 0.5. The turn ratio n can
be decreased slightly as a suitable value based on
(5), which makes the duty cycle increase.
Oppositely, a trade off should be made for practical
output power to load between efficiency of the
converter and MPPT, because the larger duty cycle
causes efficiency to decrease even if copper
resistances decreased by smaller turn ratio n.
This section provides important information on
characteristic analysis, feature, and consideration,
which indicates the relationship among duty cycle,
turn ratio, and components The proposed
converter for each application can be designed on
the basis of selected turn ratios, components, and
other considerations.
F. Performance Comparison
For demonstrating the performance of the
proposed converter, the proposed converter and
the other high step-up interleaved converters
introduced in [36] and [40] are compared. The high
step-up interleaved converter introduced in [36] is
favorable for dc micro-grid applications, and the
other high step-up interleaved converter
introduced in [40] is suitable as a candidate for
high step-up high-power conversion of the PV
system. Both of the converters use coupled
inductors and switched capacitors to achieve high
step-up conversion.
The step-up gain of the proposed converter is the
highest, and the voltage stresses on semiconductor
devices are the lowest. In addition, the extra
winding or core may result in the circuit being
costly and bulky. The proposed converter only uses
two normal coupled inductors; thus, the cost and
degree of difficulty of design are lower. Oppositely,
the performances of current sharing and
distribution make the reliability, capacity, and
efficiency higher
IV. DESIGN AND EXPERIMENT OF PROPOSED
CONVERTER
A 1-kW prototype of the proposed high step-up
converter is tested. The electrical specifications are
Vin = 24 V, Vo = 230 V, and fs = 40 kHz. The major
components have been chosen as follows:
Magnetizing inductors Lm1 and Lm2 = 133 μH; turn
ratio n = 1; power switches S1 and S2 are
IRFP4227; diodes Dc1 and Dc2 are BYQ28E-200;
diodes Db1, Db2, Df1, and Df2 are FCF06A-40;
capacitors Cc1, Cc2, C2, and C3 = 220 μF; and C1 =
470 μF.
8. 48 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Low Current Ripple, High Efficiency Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier
Fig. 13. Simulated waveforms using MATLAB
The design consideration of the proposed
converter includes component selection and
coupled inductor design, which are based on the
analysis presented in the previous section. In
theproposed converter, the values of the primary
leakage inductors of the coupled inductors are set
as close as possible for current sharing
performance, and the leakage inductors Lk1 and Lk2
are 1.6 μH. Due to the performances of high
step-up gain, the turn ratio n can be set as one for
the prototype circuit with 24-V input voltage and
230-V output to reduce cost, volume, and
conduction loss of the winding. Thus, the copper
resistances which affect efficiency much can be
decreased.
Fig. 13 shows the simulated waveforms at full
load of 1000W. Fig. 13 shows the interleaved pulse
width-modulation signalsVgs1 and Vgs2, as well as
the voltage stresses on the power switches. VDS1
and VDS2 are clamped at 100 V, which is much
lower than the output voltage. Fig. 13 shows the
voltage stresses on clamp diodes and the current
through clamp diodes. The voltage stresses VDc1
and VDc2 are doubles of VDS1 and VDS2. The currents
iDc1 and iDc2 decrease to zero before they turn off,
which alleviate diode reverse recovery losses.
Fig. 13 shows the waveform of vDb1, vDb2, iDb1, and
iDb2.The voltage stresses vDb1 and vDb2 are equal to
the voltage stresses on power switches.
Fig. 13 shows the waveform of vDf1, vDf2, and iLs.
The voltage stresses vDf1 and vDf2 are equal to vDc1
and vDc2 because the turn ratio n is set as one, and
the ringing characteristics are caused by the series
leakage inductors Ls. Fig. 13 shows the output
voltage and voltages on output capacitors. The
output voltage Vo is 380 V. Because the turn ratio n
is set as one, the voltages VC2 and VC3 are half of
VC1. From experimental results, it can be proved
that the voltages on output capacitors are in
accordance with those of steady-state analysis,
and all of the measured voltage stresses are
corresponding to those, which are illustrated by
theoretical analysis. Fig. 13 shows the input
current𝐼𝑖𝑛 and each current through the primary
leakage inductor, which demonstrates the
performance of current sharing.
The maximum efficiency is 97.1% at Po = 400 W.
At full load of 1 kW, the conversion efficiency is
about 96.4%.
9. 49 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 03 | March 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
V. CONCLUSION
This paper has presented the theoretical analysis
of steady state, related consideration, simulation
results, and experimental results for the proposed
converter. The proposed converter has successfully
implemented an efficient high step-up conversion
through the voltage multiplier module. The
interleaved structure reduces the input current
ripple and distributes the current through each
component. In addition, the lossless passive clamp
function recycles the leakage energy and
constrains a large voltage spike across the power
switch. Meanwhile, the voltage stress on the power
switch is restricted and much lower than the
output voltage (380 V). Furthermore, the full-load
efficiency is 96.4% at Po = 1000 W, and the highest
efficiency is 97.1% at Po = 400 W. Thus, the
proposed converter is suitable for high-power or
renewable energy applications that need high
step-up conversion.
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