This document summarizes the design of a low-cost diplexer for combining MoCA 2.0 and DVB-C/C2 home network systems on coaxial cable. It describes the specifications and frequency ranges of each standard, presents simulation results showing the diplexer meets design goals, and provides measurement results validating performance including return loss, insertion loss, and sensitivity within specifications. The diplexer schematic, PCB layout, and automatic gain control calibration for 135 DVB-C channels are also summarized.
Performance evaluation for outdoor wireless scenarios based on IEEE 802.11b/g...journalBEEI
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has evolved over the years, being a real-time service. VoIP has been coupled to different technologies, one of them is WiFi, which is one of the most used for wireless local area networks in domestic and commercial environments. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of wireless scenarios by considering VoIP traffic, based on WiFi technology in conformance with IEEE 802.11b/g in interfered outdoor scenarios, by considering an intrusive injection traffic technique, for codecs G711 (1 sample), G711 (2 samples), G723, G729 (2 samples), and G729 (3 samples), related to the main metrics associated to Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Our results show the best performance was obtained with the codecs G723 and G729 (3 samples), obtaining up to 30 simultaneous voice connections with optimal values of delay, jitter and packet loss according to the recommendations given for VoIP by ITU-T, while the worst performance was obtained with the codec G711 (2 samples), obtaining only 5 simultaneous voice connections, reaching an efficiency loss of around 18% in a co-channel interference scenario.
Performance evaluation for outdoor wireless scenarios based on IEEE 802.11b/g...journalBEEI
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has evolved over the years, being a real-time service. VoIP has been coupled to different technologies, one of them is WiFi, which is one of the most used for wireless local area networks in domestic and commercial environments. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of wireless scenarios by considering VoIP traffic, based on WiFi technology in conformance with IEEE 802.11b/g in interfered outdoor scenarios, by considering an intrusive injection traffic technique, for codecs G711 (1 sample), G711 (2 samples), G723, G729 (2 samples), and G729 (3 samples), related to the main metrics associated to Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Our results show the best performance was obtained with the codecs G723 and G729 (3 samples), obtaining up to 30 simultaneous voice connections with optimal values of delay, jitter and packet loss according to the recommendations given for VoIP by ITU-T, while the worst performance was obtained with the codec G711 (2 samples), obtaining only 5 simultaneous voice connections, reaching an efficiency loss of around 18% in a co-channel interference scenario.
Performance comparison of coded and uncoded ieee 802.16 d systems under stanf...IJCNCJournal
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), standardized asIEEE 802.16d is a popular
technology for broadband wireless communication system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) is the core of this technology.OFDMreduces Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and hence improves
system performance (i.e., Bit Error Rate (BER)). To improve system performance further error correction
coding schemes have been included in WiMax. It is widely accepted thata coded system outperforms an
uncodedsystem. But, the performance improvement of a coded system depends on the channel conditions. In
this paper, we investigated and compared the performances of a coded and an uncoded WiMaxsystem
under a practical channel model called Stanford University Interim (SUI). Different modulation schemes
namely BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM have been considered in this work. It is shown that the
selection of codedoruncoded WiMaxsystem should depend on the channel condition as well as on the
modulation used. It is also shown that anuncoded system outperforms a coded system under some channel
conditions.
A Simulation of Wideband CDMA System on Digital Up/Down ConvertersEditor IJMTER
In this paper, I present FPGA implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) and
digital up converter (DUC) for a single carrier WCDMA system. The DDC and DUC is complex in
nature. The implementation of DDC is simple because it does not require mixers or filters. Xilinx
System Generator and Xilinx ISE are used to develop the hardware circuit for the FPGA. Both the
circuits are verified on the Spartan - 3 FPGA
Security system with RFID control using E-KTP and internet of thingsjournalBEEI
Crimes against property without using violence, in this case, are theft and burglary is the type of crime that is most common every year. However, home security needs a security system that is more efficient and practical. To overcome this, an internet of things (IoT) is needed. This research evaluated the performance prototype by reading distance from the radio frequency identification (RFID) reader using E-KTP and quality of service performance (i.e throughput and delay) from application android. This research design smart door lock using RFID sensor, passive infrared sensor (PIR), solenoid as door locks, buzzer, led, E-KTP as RFID tags and also android application to controlling and monitoring made with android studio is connected to NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 as storage data and connect with firebase realtime database instead of conventional keys. This research focuses on performance prototype and quality of service from features application is work well. Related to previous works, our evaluation shows that the performance prototype can read identity card (E-KTP) with a maximum distance is 4 cm, and performance quality of service for an application show that throughput and delay with a perfect index according to standardization telecommunications and internet protocol harmonization over network (TIPHON) depending on what features are being evaluated.
Techies (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company) is promoted by team of highly talented professionals who have combined I.T. and Corporate Experience. Techie's Institute is the Best Institute in Amritsar for Six Months Industrial Training & Six Weeks Industrial Training in Amritsar
Website: www.iamtechie.com
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A New Compact CPW-Fed Dual-Band Uniplanar Antenna for RFID ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper a new dual-band uniplanar monopole antenna fed by Coplanar
Waveguide (CPW) line is proposed for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The
antenna structure includes a CPW fed line and the dual-band operation is achieved from the Gshaped
folded antenna. The antenna parameters have been investigated and optimized by
using CST Microwave Studio. To validate the CST Microwave Studio results before the antenna
achievement, we have conducted another study by using ADS. The final circuit was achieved,
measured and validated. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna with compact
size of 30*45 mm2 is simple in design and compact in size. It exhibits broadband impedance
matching, consistent omnidirectional radiation patterns and appropriate gain characteristics
suitable for the microwave RFID applicartions.
The new 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) offers important new features and improvements for low-delay real-time communication systems. Based on a novel, switched low-delay speech/audio codec, the EVS codec contains various advancements for better compression efficiency and higher quality for clean/noisy speech, mixed content and music, including support for wideband, super-wideband and full-band content. The EVS codec operates in a broad range of bitrates, is highly robust against packet loss and provides an AMR-WB compatible mode for compatibility with existing systems.
This paper presents a novel approach for completely test enable feature and low-voltage delta– sigma analog-to-digital (A/D) converters for cutting edge wireless applications. Oversampling feature of ADCs and DACs is enough to meet the requirement related to in-band and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) execution of 3G/4G portable radio. The quantization noise which is not filtered in ADC is addressed. We have achieved work power-optimization and test enable feature of oversampling ADC is uses in design and simulation so that the problem of quantization error in continues time sigma delta ADC is solved. This paper suggests support to designer for selecting appropriate topologies with various channel arrangements, number of bits and oversampling issues. A test enable feature of CT A/D is presented introducing the test signal generation (TSG) and the COrdinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) for evaluating the performance of ADC. This helps in addressing the challenge of 4G and upcoming 5G wireless radio. System level plan of a delta–sigma modulator ADC for 4G radios is studied.
Alberto Morello and Vittoria Mignone
DVB-S2 is the second-generation specification for satellite broadcasting – developed by the DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project in 2003. It benefits from more recent developments in channel coding (LDPC codes) combined with a variety of
modulation formats (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK).
Advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based O...journalBEEI
This paper examines advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based optical wireless communication (OWC) channel model. These modulation techniquesinclude On-Off keying and return to zero (RZ)/non–return to zero (NRZ) coding. The signal power level against time and frequency spectral variations are measured. The max. Q factor and min. bit error rate (BER) are estimated and clarified for each modulation code scheme by using an optisystem simulation model. Transmission bit rates of up to 40 Gb/s can be achieved for possible distances up to 500 km with acceptable Q factor. The received power and max. Q factor are measured and clarified with OWC distance variations. The On-Off keying modulation code scheme resulted in better performance than the other modulation code schemes did.
The Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer in the Basis of Bit ...IJCI JOURNAL
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access is a promising technology which can offer high speed data rate from transmitting end to customer end which can offer high speed text, voice, and video data. IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN is a standard that specifies medium access control layer and a set of PHY layer to fixed and mobile BWA in broad range of frequencies and it supports equipment manufacturers due to its robust performance in multipath environment. Consequently WiMAX forum has adopted this version to develop the network world wide. In this paper the performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM PHY Layer has been investigated by using the simulation model in Matlab. The Stanford University Interim (SUI) channel models are selected for the performance evaluation of this standard. The Ideal Channel estimation is considered in this work and the performance evaluation is observed in the basis of BER.
Performance comparison of coded and uncoded ieee 802.16 d systems under stanf...IJCNCJournal
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), standardized asIEEE 802.16d is a popular
technology for broadband wireless communication system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) is the core of this technology.OFDMreduces Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and hence improves
system performance (i.e., Bit Error Rate (BER)). To improve system performance further error correction
coding schemes have been included in WiMax. It is widely accepted thata coded system outperforms an
uncodedsystem. But, the performance improvement of a coded system depends on the channel conditions. In
this paper, we investigated and compared the performances of a coded and an uncoded WiMaxsystem
under a practical channel model called Stanford University Interim (SUI). Different modulation schemes
namely BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM have been considered in this work. It is shown that the
selection of codedoruncoded WiMaxsystem should depend on the channel condition as well as on the
modulation used. It is also shown that anuncoded system outperforms a coded system under some channel
conditions.
A Simulation of Wideband CDMA System on Digital Up/Down ConvertersEditor IJMTER
In this paper, I present FPGA implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) and
digital up converter (DUC) for a single carrier WCDMA system. The DDC and DUC is complex in
nature. The implementation of DDC is simple because it does not require mixers or filters. Xilinx
System Generator and Xilinx ISE are used to develop the hardware circuit for the FPGA. Both the
circuits are verified on the Spartan - 3 FPGA
Security system with RFID control using E-KTP and internet of thingsjournalBEEI
Crimes against property without using violence, in this case, are theft and burglary is the type of crime that is most common every year. However, home security needs a security system that is more efficient and practical. To overcome this, an internet of things (IoT) is needed. This research evaluated the performance prototype by reading distance from the radio frequency identification (RFID) reader using E-KTP and quality of service performance (i.e throughput and delay) from application android. This research design smart door lock using RFID sensor, passive infrared sensor (PIR), solenoid as door locks, buzzer, led, E-KTP as RFID tags and also android application to controlling and monitoring made with android studio is connected to NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 as storage data and connect with firebase realtime database instead of conventional keys. This research focuses on performance prototype and quality of service from features application is work well. Related to previous works, our evaluation shows that the performance prototype can read identity card (E-KTP) with a maximum distance is 4 cm, and performance quality of service for an application show that throughput and delay with a perfect index according to standardization telecommunications and internet protocol harmonization over network (TIPHON) depending on what features are being evaluated.
Techies (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company) is promoted by team of highly talented professionals who have combined I.T. and Corporate Experience. Techie's Institute is the Best Institute in Amritsar for Six Months Industrial Training & Six Weeks Industrial Training in Amritsar
Website: www.iamtechie.com
Email: enquiry@iamtechie.com
A New Compact CPW-Fed Dual-Band Uniplanar Antenna for RFID ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper a new dual-band uniplanar monopole antenna fed by Coplanar
Waveguide (CPW) line is proposed for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The
antenna structure includes a CPW fed line and the dual-band operation is achieved from the Gshaped
folded antenna. The antenna parameters have been investigated and optimized by
using CST Microwave Studio. To validate the CST Microwave Studio results before the antenna
achievement, we have conducted another study by using ADS. The final circuit was achieved,
measured and validated. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna with compact
size of 30*45 mm2 is simple in design and compact in size. It exhibits broadband impedance
matching, consistent omnidirectional radiation patterns and appropriate gain characteristics
suitable for the microwave RFID applicartions.
The new 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) offers important new features and improvements for low-delay real-time communication systems. Based on a novel, switched low-delay speech/audio codec, the EVS codec contains various advancements for better compression efficiency and higher quality for clean/noisy speech, mixed content and music, including support for wideband, super-wideband and full-band content. The EVS codec operates in a broad range of bitrates, is highly robust against packet loss and provides an AMR-WB compatible mode for compatibility with existing systems.
This paper presents a novel approach for completely test enable feature and low-voltage delta– sigma analog-to-digital (A/D) converters for cutting edge wireless applications. Oversampling feature of ADCs and DACs is enough to meet the requirement related to in-band and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) execution of 3G/4G portable radio. The quantization noise which is not filtered in ADC is addressed. We have achieved work power-optimization and test enable feature of oversampling ADC is uses in design and simulation so that the problem of quantization error in continues time sigma delta ADC is solved. This paper suggests support to designer for selecting appropriate topologies with various channel arrangements, number of bits and oversampling issues. A test enable feature of CT A/D is presented introducing the test signal generation (TSG) and the COrdinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) for evaluating the performance of ADC. This helps in addressing the challenge of 4G and upcoming 5G wireless radio. System level plan of a delta–sigma modulator ADC for 4G radios is studied.
Alberto Morello and Vittoria Mignone
DVB-S2 is the second-generation specification for satellite broadcasting – developed by the DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project in 2003. It benefits from more recent developments in channel coding (LDPC codes) combined with a variety of
modulation formats (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK).
Advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based O...journalBEEI
This paper examines advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based optical wireless communication (OWC) channel model. These modulation techniquesinclude On-Off keying and return to zero (RZ)/non–return to zero (NRZ) coding. The signal power level against time and frequency spectral variations are measured. The max. Q factor and min. bit error rate (BER) are estimated and clarified for each modulation code scheme by using an optisystem simulation model. Transmission bit rates of up to 40 Gb/s can be achieved for possible distances up to 500 km with acceptable Q factor. The received power and max. Q factor are measured and clarified with OWC distance variations. The On-Off keying modulation code scheme resulted in better performance than the other modulation code schemes did.
The Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer in the Basis of Bit ...IJCI JOURNAL
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access is a promising technology which can offer high speed data rate from transmitting end to customer end which can offer high speed text, voice, and video data. IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN is a standard that specifies medium access control layer and a set of PHY layer to fixed and mobile BWA in broad range of frequencies and it supports equipment manufacturers due to its robust performance in multipath environment. Consequently WiMAX forum has adopted this version to develop the network world wide. In this paper the performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM PHY Layer has been investigated by using the simulation model in Matlab. The Stanford University Interim (SUI) channel models are selected for the performance evaluation of this standard. The Ideal Channel estimation is considered in this work and the performance evaluation is observed in the basis of BER.
A two-element planar multiple input multiple output array for ultra-wideband...IJECEIAES
In this article, a planar monopole two-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array has been designed and characterized with the intention of ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The array has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) working bandwidth (BW) of 13.258 GHz between 3.394-16.652 GHz, with a fractional BW (FBW) of 132.28% with respect to a center frequency of 10.023 GHz. The two elements of the MIMO array are 900 polarizations mismatched for better isolation. Consequently, less than 20 dB of isolation has been achieved throughout the entire BW. Also observed was a good combined realized peak gain of up to 5.85 dBi and total efficiency of greater than 85%. For MIMO performance key parameters, the array exhibits the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.0033, diversity gain (DG) >9.983, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) <0.445, mean effective gain difference (MEG12) ≈0 dB, and the channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.4 bps/Hz. This design would encourage designers to create highperformance MIMO antennas for UWB frequency-related applications.
Wi MAX Deinter leaver’s Address Generation Unit through FPGA Implementationijceronline
The IEEE 802.16 standard, commonly known as WiMAX has broadband wirelessaccess over long distance. WiMAX has evolved from 802.16 to 802.16d for fixedwireless access and IEEE 802.16e standard is for mobility support. WiMAX Forumcreated the name "WiMAX". The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL". WiMAX is similar to Wi-Fi, but it can enable usage at much larger scale and at faster speeds [1]. Inorder to minimize the effect of burst error, the channel interleaver/deinterleaver employed in the WiMAX transreceiver is used. The channel interleaver/deinterleaver consists of two memory blocks and an address generator. The objective of this project is to implement an area and delay efficient circuitry for address generator for WiMAX 2- D Deinterleaver using the Xilinx FPGA for all permissible code rates and modulation schemes. This project also build up a generalized circuit for all permissible Ncbps without manual computation of column number.
Analysis of System Capacity and Spectral Efficiency of Fixed-Grid NetworkIJCNCJournal
In this article, the performance of a fixed grid network is examined for various modulation formats to estimate the system's capacity and spectral efficiency. The optical In-phase Quadrature Modulator (IQM) structure is used to build a fixed grid network modulation, and the homodyne detection approach is used for the receiver. Data multiplexing is accomplished using the Polarization Division Multiplexed (PDM) technology. 100 Gbps, 150 Gbps, and 200 Gbps data rates are transmitted under these circumstances utilizing various modulation formats. Various pre-processing and signal recovery steps are explained by using modern digital signal processing systems. The achieved spectrum efficiencies for PM-QPSK, PM-8 QAM, and PM-16 QAM, respectively, were 2, 3, and 4 (bits/s)/Hz. Different modulation like PM-QPSK, PM-8-QAM, and PM-16-QAM each has system capacities of 8-9, 12-13.5, and 16-18 Tbps and it reaches transmission distances of 3000, 1300, and 700 kilometers with acceptable Bit Error Rate (BER≤ 2× 10-3) respectively. Peak optical power for received signal detection and full width at half maximum is noted for the different modulations under a fixed grind network.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QOS PARAMETERS LIKE PSNR, MAE & RMSE USED IN IMAGE TR...Journal For Research
Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks and link reliability. In this direction, Space-time wireless technology that uses multiple antennas along with appropriate signaling and receiver techniques that offers a powerful tool for improving the wireless performance is used in this thesis work. A special version of STBC called ‘Alamouti code’ is used. PSK modulation scheme is used for modulation of data. In this thesis work, the Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) is used in WLAN wireless network that uses multiple numbers of antennas at both transmitter and receiver. The STBC which includes the Alamouti Scheme for 2 transmit antenna and a different number of receiving antenna has been studied, simulated and analyzed. The simulation has been done in MATLAB. Throughput and several parameter performance has been analyzed using the MATLAB.A sample image is transmitted to compare the performance of various parameters like RMSE, PSNR, MAE etc. All the parameters are plotted against SNR (in dB) values ranging from -18 to 30. Various observations being made for the improvement in various parameters with increasing SNR and/or with changing diversity scheme. AWGN channel is used here for communication of sampled image data.
Analysis of System Capacity and Spectral Efficiency of Fixed-Grid NetworkIJCNCJournal
In this article, the performance of a fixed grid network is examined for various modulation formats to estimate the system's capacity and spectral efficiency. The optical In-phase Quadrature Modulator (IQM) structure is used to build a fixed grid network modulation, and the homodyne detection approach is used for the receiver. Data multiplexing is accomplished using the Polarization Division Multiplexed (PDM) technology. 100 Gbps, 150 Gbps, and 200 Gbps data rates are transmitted under these circumstances utilizing various modulation formats. Various pre-processing and signal recovery steps are explained by using modern digital signal processing systems. The achieved spectrum efficiencies for PM-QPSK, PM-8 QAM, and PM-16 QAM, respectively, were 2, 3, and 4 (bits/s)/Hz. Different modulation like PM-QPSK, PM-8-QAM, and PM-16-QAM each has system capacities of 8-9, 12-13.5, and 16-18 Tbps and it reaches transmission distances of 3000, 1300, and 700 kilometers with acceptable Bit Error Rate (BER≤ 2× 10-3) respectively. Peak optical power for received signal detection and full width at half maximum is noted for the different modulations under a fixed grind network.
Performance Evaluation of MIMO OFDM using AWGN Channel with Different Modulat...ijtsrd
MIMO OFDM is a critical technology and a good option for 5G telecommunications networks. The present MIMO hardware and software developments, as well as MIMO OFDM equalisation approaches, are briefly covered. Mobile devices have grown into very sophisticated communication tools that serve as sensors in a cloud computing environment. Several improvements have been made to the core network in order to provide a high quality of service QoS and to support novel and diverse access ways. With the introduction of the IEEE 802.22 standard, cognitive radio CR networks have become increasingly important in the optimal utilisation of available spectrum resources with less interference between neighbouring users. In this paper, performance analysis of MIMO ODFM using AWGN with different modulation scheme in WiMAX technology. The results of this investigation are performing between signal to noise ratio verses BER using MatlabR2013a tool. Mangukiya Hiteshkumar Bhupatbhai "Performance Evaluation of MIMO-OFDM using AWGN Channel with Different Modulation Scheme in WiMAX Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52201.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52201/performance-evaluation-of-mimoofdm-using-awgn-channel-with-different-modulation-scheme-in-wimax-technology/mangukiya-hiteshkumar-bhupatbhai
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Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
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1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 9, Issue 3Ver.I (May-Jun. 2014), PP 56-64
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 56 | Page
Low cost Front end Diplexer for MoCA 2.0 & DVB-C/C2 Systems
Madhusudana Rao Kothari1
, Sree Lakshmi Ele2
1
(Tata power SED, Bangalore and Communications Systems Engineering, Manipal University, India)
2
(VLSI Design and Embedded Systems Engineering, VTU Extension Centre - UTL Technologies Ltd, India)
I. ABSTRACT: The Media over Cable Alliance (MoCA) and Digital Video Broad Casting-Cable (DVB-C) are
the two different coax based home network standards. At Present, the home networks rely on both the standards,
based on the available devices. The Commercial devices for these MoCA2.0 and DVB-C/C2 can be from the
different vendors ranging at very high costs. In this study, an attempt has been made to design a low cost
Diplexer, which can be tuned further with the commercial available Inductors and capacitors. This helps us to
control the cost and size with the designed Diplexer followed by the effective design of home network.
Keywords- MoCA 2.0, DVB-C, Diplexer, Home Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Coax based Home Network consists of DVB-C and MoCA devices [1].
A. Media over Cable Alliance (MoCA 2.0):
The Media over cable Alliance 2.0 is the latest version of the Multimedia over Coax Alliance’s powerful
standard for transporting data over the existing coaxial wiring in consumer’s homes. MoCA is proved to be
valuable and capable at present in both the service provider deployments and in consumer networking [5].
MoCA 2.-0 enriches the cable network capacity, flexibility, and better power management network [5]. The
MoCA 1.0 specification approved in 2006 demonstrated the untapped potential of residential home coaxial
wiring for high performance and proved to be inexpensive in home two-way networking. This technology is
very effective because of its bi-directional connectivity to any coax outlet in a house, which is capable of
receiving cable or satellite programming, even though the coax wiring intended to deliver the signals in one-way
[4]. It can deliver the signals more than 100 Mbps at an aggregate throughput with both the reliability (low
packet error rate) and the low latency, needed for high quality multimedia traffic and to separate the other
frequencies used by legacy cable and the satellite services on the same coax wiring. MoCA 1.1 has provided
some important enhancements to MoCA 1.0 by both the throughput and management. But the most important
step in the performance of MoCA has come with MoCA 2.0, with an increase in the aggregate throughput as 1
Gbps (in the channel bonded, point-to-point “turbo” mode) along with enhancements such as new power-saving
modes [5].
Fig. 1 MoCA frequency Plan
2. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 9, Issue 3Ver.I (May-Jun. 2014), PP 56-64
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 57 | Page
MoCA 2.0 Operates for 50 MHz channels, with a frequency of 850 MHz to 1.675 GHz as shown in the figure1.
This has an aggregate Data with Throughput as 400 Mbps while using the single channel and 800 Mbps while
using the two bonded channels in Enhanced mode. In Turbo mode, the throughput will be 500 Mbps while using
the single channel and 1 Gbps while using the two bonded channels [5]. As shown in figure 2, the MoCA
physical Topology tree uses the coaxial cable, passive filters and splitters. The equipment connected to the
MoCA network is also known as “nodes of the network” and this is designed to support max 300 ft / 25 dB loss
(@ 750 MHz) between root and nodes [5].
Fig. 2 MoCA Physical Topology
B. Digital Video Broadcasting- Cable:
DVB-C is introduced by ETSI in December 1994. This subsequently becomes the most widely used
transmission system for digital cable television [2]. The standard is deployed worldwide in systems ranging
from the smaller satellite master antenna TV (SMATV) systems to larger cable television networks (CATV).
DVB-C is also integrated as the physical layer for the European version of DOCSIS (Data over Cable Service
Interface Specification). As with its predecessor, DVB-C2 offers a wide range of modes and options that can be
optimized for different network characteristics and the requirements of different services planned for delivery to
cable customers [2]. By using the state of the art code and modulation techniques, it offers higher spectrum
efficiency likely greater than 30%, with the same conditions as today’s DVB-C deployments.
The noise performance of DVB-C2 is excellent. Coming close to the Shannon limit, the theoretical maximum
information transfers the rate in channel for a given noise level. The figure 3 shows the range and fine
granularity of possible solutions. The chosen COFDM modulation scheme is insensitive to echoes caused by
typical in-house coaxial networks and very robust in relation to the impulsive noise interference. Notches,
narrowband and broadband can be used to cope with different interference scenarios. Flexibility in terms of
bandwidth is a further necessary feature of DVB-C2. In the near future, the cable networks deployed with DVB-
C2 will allow a wide range of broad signals (e.g. 32 MHz and more) to be transmitted and can meet the
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operator’s requirements for larger pipes, which allows a efficient sharing of the available resources between the
individual customers and services.
Fig. 3 SNR Graph for different Modulations used in DVB-C/C2
II. SPECIFICATIONS OF DIPLEXER
The specification of Diplexer is as follows
1) Return loss at the input port
a. < 870 MHz : ≥8 dB
b. Between 975 to 1675 MHz: ≥ 5 dB
2) Common to Low pass:
a. 6 dB Cutoff : 870 MHz
b. 50-870 MHz : Max1.5 ±0.5 dB
c. >1175MHz : 15dB Min
d. >1675MHz : 45dB Min
e. >1700MHz : >20 dB
3) Common to High pass:
a. 6 dB cut off : 900MHz
b. 975-1675MHz : Max2.5 ±0.5 dB
c. >350 MHz : 15 dB Min
d. >675 MHz : 45 dB Min
e. >2100MHz : >20 dB
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III. SIMULATIONS
The return loss of input and output ports are better, greater than 14 dB and the insertion loss achieved is less
than 1 dB in the MoCA and DVB-C pass bands. The rejection is achieved as per the targeted specifications.
Fig. 3 Simulation circuit diagram
From the figure 3, it can be observed that the circuit diagram port 3 is a diplexer input, port 2 is at MoCA side
and Port 1 is at DVB-C side.
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Fig. 4 Result of Simulations
The following results are observed by the simulated design
S(3,1) – Insertion loss of diplexer at Cable port.
S(2,3) & S(3,2) – Insertion loss of diplexer at MoCA port
S(1,1)-Return loss at Cable port
S(2,2)-Return loss at MoCA port
S(3,3)- Return loss at Diplexer Input
IV. SCHEMATICS AND PCB LAYOUT
Schematic of diplexer is shown in the figure 5. The modifications were done based on tuning, required to adjust
the variations due to tolerances of components and PCB. The DVB-C side of Diplexer consists of 7 section Low
pass filter and a Band pass filter on the MoCA side.
Fig. 5 Schematic of Diplexer (Madhusdana Rao. Kothari)
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The PCB Layout, the Diplexer realized on 4-layer FR4 Board Gerber view is shown in the figure 6.The planned
layout is based on the available space on the PCB, rules and previous experience of RF PCB design. The GDT
and ESD diodes are placed nearby so that the high voltage storage and Electrostatic charge can be grounded.
Fig. 6 PCB Gerber View of Diplexer
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Figure 7 shows the measured return loss of 9.5 dB against the required specification of ≥ 8 dB for a DVB-
C/C2 frequency range up to 870 MHz and the required 6dB cutoff point is observed to be at 870 MHz.
Fig. 7 Measurement showing Return loss at the input of Diplexer and insertion loss at DVB-C/C2 port
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The Figure 9 shows the Measured return loss of 5.4 dB against the specification of ≥ 5 dB for required MoCA
operating frequency range between 900 to 1675 MHz and the required maximum insertion loss is observed to be
in the required frequency range, i.e., is 2.4±0.5dB. The python script used to measure the sensitivity of MoCA is
as given in the figure 8.
Fig. 8 Python script used to measure the sensitivity of MoCA
Fig. 9 Measurement showing Return loss at the input of Diplexer and insertion loss at MoCA port
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The measured sensitivity graph is shown in the figure 10. The physical data rates are measured up to 400Mbps
for a received signal levels of - 52 dBm.
Figure 9.MoCA 2.0 Sensitivity Graph
The calibrated Automatic Gain Control data after locking 135 channels of DVB-C chip through the diplexer
using python script is as follows.
HNT:/home/appl/python/techxhome/driver# calibrate NXP 0 -10
Storing channel 2 frequency 57000000 with adjustment 6.812500
Storing channel 3 frequency 63000000 with adjustment -6.710000
Storing channel 4 frequency 69000000 with adjustment -6.440000
Storing channel 5 frequency 75000000 with adjustment -6.532500
Storing channel 5 frequency 81000000 with adjustment -6.462500
Storing channel 5 frequency 87000000 with adjustment -6.445000
Storing channel 95 frequency 93000000 with adjustment -6.260000
Storing channel 96 frequency 99000000 with adjustment -6.162500
Storing channel 97 frequency 105000000 with adjustment -6.102500
Storing channel 98 frequency 111000000 with adjustment -6.092500
Storing channel 99 frequency 117000000 with adjustment -5.882500
Storing channel 14 frequency 123000000 with adjustment -5.725000
Storing channel 15 frequency 129000000 with adjustment -5.972500
Storing channel 16 frequency 135000000 with adjustment -5.692500
Storing channel 17 frequency 141000000 with adjustment -5.682500
Storing channel 18 frequency 147000000 with adjustment -5.692500
Storing channel 19 frequency 153000000 with adjustment -5.732500
Storing channel 20 frequency 159000000 with adjustment -5.552500
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Storing channel 21 frequency 165000000 with adjustment -5.632500
Storing channel 22 frequency 171000000 with adjustment -5.740000
Storing channel 7 frequency 177000000 with adjustment -5.890000
Storing channel 8 frequency 183000000 with adjustment -6.162500
Storing channel 9 frequency 189000000 with adjustment -6.160000
Storing channel 10 frequency 195000000 with adjustment -6.432500
Storing channel 11 frequency 201000000 with adjustment -6.430000
Storing channel 12 frequency 207000000 with adjustment -6.440000
Storing channel 13 frequency 213000000 with adjustment -6.485000
Storing channel 23 frequency 219000000 with adjustment -6.470000
Storing channel 24 frequency 225000000 with adjustment -6.255000
Storing channel 25 frequency 231000000 with adjustment -6.025000
Storing channel 26 frequency 237000000 with adjustment -5.785000
Storing channel 27 frequency 243000000 with adjustment -5.542500
Storing channel 28 frequency 249000000 with adjustment -5.812500
Storing channel 29 frequency 255000000 with adjustment -5.535000
Storing channel 30 frequency 261000000 with adjustment -7.752500
Storing channel 31 frequency 267000000 with adjustment -5.312500
Storing channel 32 frequency 273000000 with adjustment -5.115000
Storing channel 33 frequency 279000000 with adjustment -5.025000
Storing channel 34 frequency 285000000 with adjustment -5.037500
Storing channel 35 frequency 291000000 with adjustment -5.075000
Storing channel 36 frequency 297000000 with adjustment -7.822500
Storing channel 37 frequency 303000000 with adjustment -4.925000
Storing channel 38 frequency 309000000 with adjustment -4.682500
Storing channel 39 frequency 315000000 with adjustment -4.525000
Storing channel 40 frequency 321000000 with adjustment -4.645000
Storing channel 41 frequency 327000000 with adjustment -4.515000
Storing channel 42 frequency 333000000 with adjustment -5.135000
Storing channel 43 frequency 339000000 with adjustment -7.282500
Storing channel 44 frequency 345000000 with adjustment -7.365000
Storing channel 45 frequency 351000000 with adjustment -7.422500
Storing channel 46 frequency 357000000 with adjustment -7.245000
Storing channel 47 frequency 363000000 with adjustment -7.042500
Storing channel 48 frequency 369000000 with adjustment -7.580000
Storing channel 49 frequency 375000000 with adjustment -4.890000
Storing channel 50 frequency 381000000 with adjustment -7.702500
Storing channel 51 frequency 387000000 with adjustment -5.252500
Storing channel 52 frequency 393000000 with adjustment -5.562500
Storing channel 53 frequency 399000000 with adjustment -5.812500
Storing channel 54 frequency 405000000 with adjustment -5.862500
Storing channel 55 frequency 411000000 with adjustment -5.922500
Storing channel 56 frequency 417000000 with adjustment -5.995000
Storing channel 57 frequency 423000000 with adjustment -5.545000
Storing channel 58 frequency 429000000 with adjustment -5.317500
Storing channel 59 frequency 435000000 with adjustment -5.057500
Storing channel 60 frequency 441000000 with adjustment -7.630000
Storing channel 61 frequency 447000000 with adjustment -5.117500
Storing channel 62 frequency 453000000 with adjustment -7.070000
Storing channel 63 frequency 459000000 with adjustment -4.120000
Storing channel 64 frequency 465000000 with adjustment -3.797500
Storing channel 65 frequency 471000000 with adjustment -3.577500
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Storing channel 66 frequency 477000000 with adjustment -6.717500
Storing channel 67 frequency 483000000 with adjustment -6.757500
Storing channel 68 frequency 489000000 with adjustment -4.245000
Storing channel 69 frequency 495000000 with adjustment -7.095000
Storing channel 70 frequency 501000000 with adjustment -4.342500
Storing channel 71 frequency 507000000 with adjustment -7.170000
Storing channel 72 frequency 513000000 with adjustment -4.202500
Storing channel 73 frequency 519000000 with adjustment -7.290000
Storing channel 74 frequency 525000000 with adjustment -7.100000
Storing channel 75 frequency 531000000 with adjustment -4.370000
Storing channel 76 frequency 537000000 with adjustment -6.840000
Storing channel 77 frequency 543000000 with adjustment -3.840000
Storing channel 78 frequency 549000000 with adjustment -6.930000
Storing channel 79 frequency 555000000 with adjustment -6.717500
Storing channel 80 frequency 561000000 with adjustment -7.007500
Storing channel 81 frequency 567000000 with adjustment -3.955000
Storing channel 82 frequency 573000000 with adjustment -4.530000
Storing channel 83 frequency 579000000 with adjustment -4.317500
Storing channel 84 frequency 585000000 with adjustment -4.617500
Storing channel 85 frequency 591000000 with adjustment -4.670000
Storing channel 86 frequency 597000000 with adjustment -4.732500
Storing channel 87 frequency 603000000 with adjustment -5.140000
Storing channel 88 frequency 609000000 with adjustment -4.910000
Storing channel 89 frequency 615000000 with adjustment -5.420000
Storing channel 90 frequency 621000000 with adjustment -4.190000
Storing channel 91 frequency 627000000 with adjustment -6.710000
Storing channel 92 frequency 633000000 with adjustment -6.480000
Storing channel 93 frequency 639000000 with adjustment -3.050000
Storing channel 94 frequency 645000000 with adjustment -3.990000
Storing channel 100 frequency 651000000 with adjustment -5.270000
Storing channel 101 frequency 657000000 with adjustment -4.622500
Storing channel 102 frequency 663000000 with adjustment -4.130000
Storing channel 103 frequency 669000000 with adjustment -3.920000
Storing channel 104 frequency 675000000 with adjustment -3.210000
Storing channel 105 frequency 681000000 with adjustment -6.672500
Storing channel 106 frequency 687000000 with adjustment -4.650000
Storing channel 107 frequency 693000000 with adjustment -4.122500
Storing channel 108 frequency 699000000 with adjustment -5.122500
Storing channel 109 frequency 705000000 with adjustment -7.135000
Storing channel 110 frequency 711000000 with adjustment -7.670000
Storing channel 111 frequency 717000000 with adjustment -6.492500
Storing channel 112 frequency 723000000 with adjustment -4.672500
Storing channel 113 frequency 729000000 with adjustment -5.222500
Storing channel 114 frequency 735000000 with adjustment -4.512500
Storing channel 115 frequency 741000000 with adjustment -4.802500
Storing channel 116 frequency 747000000 with adjustment -4.592500
Storing channel 117 frequency 753000000 with adjustment -4.610000
Storing channel 118 frequency 759000000 with adjustment -4.390000
Storing channel 119 frequency 765000000 with adjustment -4.160000
Storing channel 120 frequency 771000000 with adjustment -4.920000
Storing channel 121 frequency 777000000 with adjustment -3.927500
Storing channel 122 frequency 783000000 with adjustment -3.460000
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Storing channel 123 frequency 789000000 with adjustment -3.247500
Storing channel 124 frequency 795000000 with adjustment -2.917500
Storing channel 125 frequency 801000000 with adjustment -2.320000
Storing channel 126 frequency 807000000 with adjustment -2.147500
Storing channel 127 frequency 813000000 with adjustment -2.710000
Storing channel 128 frequency 819000000 with adjustment -2.260000
Storing channel 129 frequency 825000000 with adjustment -2.310000
Storing channel 130 frequency 831000000 with adjustment -2.160000
Storing channel 131 frequency 837000000 with adjustment -1.960000
Storing channel 132 frequency 843000000 with adjustment -2.287500
Storing channel 133 frequency 849000000 with adjustment -1.050000
Storing channel 134 frequency 855000000 with adjustment -0.700000
Storing channel 135 frequency 861000000 with adjustment -0.152500
V. CONCLUSION
In this study, the design adapted for the diplexer is a universal approach and can be used in other
similar applications with high power handling capability. The diplexer design can be realized in a required PCB
form factor for further Miniaturization. Also the same design can be tried out using RFMEMS for better results
and for reduction in the size. The cost of diplexer can be optimized by selecting the low cost inductors and
capacitors. The return loss of input port is limited because of the GDT internal capacitance and F-Connector.
For better input return loss, these devices can be replaced with better specifications and for achieving better
rejections, the inductors with Higher Q-factors are suggested.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Mr. Chalapathi Subramanyam for supporting with the required Python
test scripts and for testing the Diplexer with MoCA and DVB-C/C2 chips.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] J. Sarma, Technical Interoperability of DTH Set top Boxes, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, 11, 2010, 1-33
[2] 2nd Generation Cable: The World’s Most Advanced Digital Cable TV System, DVB Fact Sheet - July 2012
[3] MoCA 1.1 Specification for Device RF Characteristics, 20142011
[4] MoCA home network installation and maintenance
[5] MoCA 2.0:Practical Applications
[6] Ulrich Reimers, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) the future of television, Physics World, 1998.
[7] Peter Vizmullar, RF Design Guide –Systems, Circuits and Equations, Artech house, 1995.
[8] Media over Coax Alliance, Home Entertainment Network, 2004.