Losses in dc shunt machine
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This document discusses the different types of losses that occur in a DC shunt machine. It identifies the main types of losses as copper or electrical losses, core or iron losses, brush losses, mechanical losses, and stray load losses. It provides details on each type of loss, such as that copper losses occur in the machine windings due to resistance and that core losses are about 20% of full load losses and include hysteresis and eddy current losses. The document aims to explain the concept of losses in a DC shunt machine.
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In this video you will learn
Transformer ,Day 6, core loss,copper loss,eddy cuurent loss, Basic electrical and electronics engineering.
Transformer is a static device, hence mechanical losses (like friction loss) are absent in it. A transformer only consists of electrical losses (iron losses and copper losses).
Core Loss Or Iron Loss Or Constant loss:
Core losses are due to the magnetic properties of the material used for the construction of core.
Core is made by iron like CRGO so called iron loss.
Core loss is treated as constant at rated voltage and frequency, so called constant loss.
Eddy current loss:
BEEE machines
The document provides information on the construction, working principle, and types of transformers. It begins by explaining the necessity of transformers in electrical power systems for stepping up and down voltages. The key points are:
- Transformers transfer power between circuits through electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. They have a primary and secondary winding wound around an iron core.
- Transformers can be used to step up or step down voltages depending on the ratio of turns in the primary and secondary windings. The voltage transformation ratio is equal to the ratio of turns.
- An ideal transformer has zero resistance windings, infinite core permeability, and is lossless. The voltage induced in each winding is directly proportional to its turns and the rate
DC_Machines_week_4.ppt
1) DC machines operate based on the principles that voltage is induced in a conductor moving through a magnetic field (generator action) and a force is induced on a conductor with current in a magnetic field (motor action).
2) The simplest DC machine is a single loop of wire rotating through magnetic poles, which induces a voltage that can be extracted using a commutator and brushes.
3) Real DC machines have more complex windings and commutation systems to produce a DC output and overcome issues like armature reaction.
4) The main types of DC generators - separately excited, shunt, and series - have different characteristics based on how their fields are connected that determine how voltage and current vary with load
DC_Machines.ppt
- DC machines can operate as either generators or motors. A generator produces voltage when its coil rotates through a magnetic field, while a motor produces torque on its coil when current passes through it in a magnetic field.
- The simplest DC machine is a single loop of wire rotating through magnetic poles. Induced voltage and torque depend on flux, speed/current, and construction constants.
- Real DC machines use commutators and brushes to produce DC output from the AC voltage induced in the rotor coils. Problems during commutation like sparking are reduced by techniques like interpoles.
- The internal voltage and torque equations account for flux, speed/current, and construction constants. Power losses include copper, brush,
2 cse et ppt
The document discusses DC machines and induction machines. It provides details on the construction and working of DC generators and motors, including their important parts, methods of excitation, EMF equations, and speed control methods. It also discusses the construction of three-phase induction motors, including squirrel cage and wound rotors. It provides information on synchronous speed, slip, torque-slip characteristics, and compares single phase and three phase induction motors. Starter types for motors like DOL, star-delta, and autotransformer are also explained.
TRANSFORMERS and LOSSES
Losses in transformer
Efficiency
Condition for maximum efficiency
Separation of losses
Separation of iron loss
All-day efficiency.
FALLSEM2018-19_EEE2003_ETH_TT424_VL2018191002696_Reference Material I_DC GENE...
1. The document discusses electromechanical energy conversion in generators and motors. It describes the basic components and principles of operation for DC generators and motors.
2. DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy via electromagnetic induction. Motors operate in reverse, using a current to generate torque.
3. Applications of DC generators and motors include industrial uses like cement mills, rolling mills, and conveyors due to their ability to produce controlled motion.
Ppt on DC Generator
There are three types of DC generators based on how the field coils are excited: permanently magnetized, separately excited, and self-excited. Self-excited generators can be series wound, shunt wound, or compound wound. Compound wound generators are further divided into commutatively and differentially compound wound. Losses in a DC generator include copper losses from the windings, core losses from hysteresis and eddy currents, brush losses from contact with the commutator, mechanical losses from bearings and windage, and stray load losses from armature reaction and short circuits. The induced EMF of a DC generator depends on factors like the magnetic flux, number of poles, speed of the armature, and
Transformer
A transformer transfers electrical energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction. It works by creating a varying magnetic field in its primary winding from an alternating current, which induces a varying electromotive force in its secondary winding. Transformers are commonly used to increase or decrease voltages in power applications. There are losses from copper windings and iron cores from hysteresis and eddy currents. An ideal transformer transfers all flux between windings, but in reality some flux escapes and results in leakage inductance.
Dc machines 2
There are four methods for supplying DC current to motor/generator poles: separately excitation, shunt connection, series connection, and compound connection. The document then discusses torque-power conversion in DC machines and the total losses in a DC machine, including copper losses from currents in the windings and iron/core losses from hysteresis and eddy currents in the armature. Hysteresis loss occurs due to the magnetic field reversals experienced by the armature core as it rotates between poles, requiring power to continuously reverse the magnetization of the iron molecules.
Lecture 11&12
The document discusses losses in DC machines including copper losses, iron losses, mechanical losses, and stray losses. It defines efficiency as output power over input power. The types of losses reduce efficiency by dissipating power as heat. Power flow diagrams are shown for DC generators and motors. The condition for maximum efficiency is derived, which occurs when variable losses equal constant losses. Several examples problems are solved to calculate efficiency at different loads.
Efficiency, rating, and applications of dynamos
1. A dynamo converts mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa, but is not 100% efficient and loses some power through heat.
2. Power losses in dynamos come from rotational losses like bearing friction and electrical losses from current flow.
3. The efficiency of a dynamo is the ratio of its output power to its input power. Higher efficiency means less power is lost as heat.
Slides of DC Machines with detailed explanation
This document provides an overview of DC machines, including DC motors and generators. It discusses the basic components and principles of operation for DC machines. Some key points:
- DC machines convert mechanical energy to electrical energy (generators) or vice versa (motors). They are commonly used to drive industrial loads.
- The main parts are the stator, rotor/armature, commutator, and brushes. The commutator converts the AC voltage in the rotor to DC.
- DC motors operate by applying a DC current to the armature in a magnetic field, producing a torque via the Lorentz force. Speed and torque can be regulated by controlling field and armature circuits.
-
Electric motors
its a basic info about electric motors and factors affecting motor performance. it states flemings left hand rule.
Dc machines
Dc motors construction, working principle, explanation. Ty of Dc machines, Application of dc machines, Advantages, and disadvantage
Basics of Electrical Machines
The document discusses various types of electrical machines. It begins by defining an electrical machine as a device that converts electrical energy to other forms like mechanical energy. It then lists the machines that will be covered, including transformers, DC machines (motors and generators), three-phase induction motors, single-phase induction motors, and universal motors. For each machine type, it discusses principles of operation, construction, applications and other key details. The document provides detailed explanations of transformer operation and construction, the working principles of DC motors, and an overview of three-phase induction motors.
DC generator construction and operations
This document discusses DC generators and DC motors. It explains that a DC generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy using electromagnetic induction. It operates by inducing an EMF in a conductor cutting through a magnetic field. The alternating EMF generated is converted to direct current using a commutator. DC motors operate using the same principles in reverse, converting DC power into rotational motion. The document covers the main components and types of DC generators and motors including separately excited, shunt, series, and compound wound generators and their applications.
DC Generator.ppt
Basically a D.C. machine is an alternating current machine. The e.m.f. generated in the conductor is alternating in nature. With the help of the commutator segments this alternating e.m.f. is converted into a direct one.
The working of a DC generator is based on the principle that, when a conductor cuts a magnetic field, an e.m.f. is induced in the conductor.
A dynamically induced e.m.f. will be produced in the conductor when it will cut the magnetic flux as per the laws of electromagnetic induction
Losses in 3 phase induction motor
There are two types of losses that occur in three-phase induction motors: fixed losses and variable losses. Fixed losses such as iron/core losses, mechanical losses, and brush friction losses remain relatively constant, while variable or copper losses change with load. Iron/core losses are minimized through lamination and use of high-grade silicon steel. Mechanical losses occur at bearings and brush friction only in wound rotor motors. Variable losses occur due to current in stator and rotor windings and change with load. Power is transferred through various stages in an induction motor from electrical input to mechanical output. Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.
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CORE LOSS,COPPER LOSS,EDDY CURRENT,HYSTERESIS LOSS OF TRANSFORMER| DAY6|BASIC...
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DC generator construction and principle of operation
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Losses in dc shunt machine
- 1. COMPUTE AND SEPARATE THE LOSSES IN DC SHUNT MACHINE By N.Tejaswani
- 2. LOSSES MEANS………… • The basic function of a dynamo is the conversion of energy, either from mechanical to electrical form or from electrical to mechanical form. Whole of the input to the dynamo is not converted into useful output energy but a part of the input energy is converted into heat and is lost for the useful output purpose of the machine. The energy converted into heat is called the ENERGY LOSS.
- 3. TYPES OF LOSSES………. • Copper Losses or Electrical Losses • Core Losses or Iron Losses • Brush Losses • Mechanical Losses • Stray-Load Losses
- 4. COPPER OR ELECTRICAL LOSSES… These losses are the winding losses because these occurs in the winding of the machine. Armature current losses= = Ia 2Ra Copper losses in shunt field of a machine=Ish 2Rsh Copper losses in interpole winding=Ia 2Ri Copper losses in a series field machine=Ise 2Rse Copper losses in a compensating windings=Ia 2Rc
- 5. CORE LOSSES OR IRON LOSSES… These losses are also called as magnetic losses. These losses are constant about 20% of a full load losses Core losses are of two types 1. Hysteresis losses 2. Eddy current losses
- 6. BRUSH LOSSES… Power loss at the brush contacts between the copper commutator and the carbon brushes.
- 7. MECHANICAL LOSSES.. The losses associated with mechanical effects are called as MECHANICAL LOSSES. They consists of bearing friction loss and windage loss. These losses are usually very small.
- 8. STRAY LOSSES… Stray losses are results from 1. The distortion of flux because of Armature reaction 2. Short circuit currents in the coil, undergoing commutation etc Stray losses are assumed as 1% of full load output power