This presentation includes the basic knowledge of Laboratory acquired infections & blood born pathogens with a lot of understandable knowledge and also how to use it properly. I hope all the finders liked it and also remember me in your precious Dua. Thank You!

3. DEFINITIONS OF LAI
• Laboratory acquired infection (LAI) = An infection
obtained through laboratory or laboratory-related
activities as a result of work with infectious
biological agents.
• which may be either symptomatic of
asymptomatic

4. HISTORY OF LAIS
• Four hallmark studies by pike and sulkin collectively
identified 4,079 LAIs resulting in 168 deaths between 1930 –
1978.
• 159 causative agents identified,
• Although >50% were caused by 10 most common
organismsmany more LAIs likely unreported during this time
period.

5. BIOSAFETY PRINCIPLES
• Principal investigators and labortary directors are responsible for
biosafety compliance in their institutions to avoid laboratory acquired
infections and outbreaks development in the community and in the
environment
• Pathogenicity of microorganisms Classification of Pathogens
• Group 1: Inlikely to cause Human diseases
• Group 2:Can cause HD
• Group 3:can cause sever HD,risk of spreading to the community
• Group 4:Severe HD,Serious hazards,risk of Spreading to community,no
Treatment

6. ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
• Cutaneous- exposure to previously broken or damaged skinmucous membrane exposure
• Pulmonary/ inhalation–infectious aerosols, dropletsingestion
• Ocular
• Digestive– mouth pipetting; eating, drinking
• Inoculation – needlesticks and other contaminated sharps
• Animal bites;– infectious materials in contact with eyes, nose, mouth (splashes, contact from
contaminated surfaces)

7. SPECIFIC LABORATORY ACQUIRED
INFECTIONS (LAI)
• Bacterial Infections
• Viral Infections
• Fungi & Parasites Infections

8. Bacterial LAIs: Brucellosis
• The most frequent reported LAI
• In the US 24% LAI and 11% of deaths due to LAI
Transmission
• Aerosol is the major source
• Direct contact
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Test should be performed in Periodic Way
• Some other Bacterial infection are:Neisseria meningitides,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Bacillus
anthracis,Francisella tularensis,Yersinia pestis

9. VIRAL LAIS
• Viral agents transmitted through blood and bodily fluids
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers in germany in 1967
• 31 works infected while handling tissues specimens from african green
monkeys
• 7 deaths resulting:marburg virus
• Hepatitis b virus
• Incidents four times higher in healthworkers
• Hepatitis b vaccines should be offered to lab workers
• Some other viral infection are: Vaccinia virus

10. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
• According to OSHA,
“Microorganisms that are present in
human blood and can cause disease in humans.These
pathogens include, but are not limited to, HBV and HIV.”
• Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms
present in blood that can cause disease in humans
• These pathogens include HBV, HCV, HIV, but are not limited to
these 3 only
• Workers exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for
serious or life-threatening infections or illnesses.

11. SOURCE OF INFECTION
• POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS BODY FLUIDS
• ANY BODY FLUID THAT IS VISIBLY CONTAMINATED WITH BLOOD
• SALIVA (IN DENTAL PROCEDURES)
• SEMEN
• VAGINAL SECRETIONS
• CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
• SYNOVIAL FLUID
• PLEURAL FLUID
• PERITONEAL FLUID
• AMNIOTIC FLUID

12. INFECTED BLOOD CAN ENTER HUMANS
THROUGH
• Open sores cuts abrasions acne any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters
• Bloodborne pathogens may also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the
• Eyes
• Nose
• Mouth

13. COMMON BLOODBORNE PATHOGENIC
DISEASES
• HEPATITIS B
Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
• HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis c is caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• HIV
HIV cause of AIDS, is transmitted primarily through blood.
• VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS
SUCH AS EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE AND LASSA FEVER

14. PREVENTIONS OF INFECTIONS
• Wash your hands often
• Get vaccinated
• Use antibiotics sensibly.
• Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms of an infection.
• Be smart about food preparation
• Disinfect the 'hot zones' in your residence
• Don't share personal items
• Travel wisely

15. TRAINING
• A general explanation of the epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne diseases
• An explanation of the modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens
• An explanation of the employer’s exposure control plan and the means by which the employee can
obtain a copy of the plan
• An explanation of how to recognize activities that may involve exposure to blood and other potentially
infectious material
• An explanation of the use and limitations of methods that will prevent or reduce exposure, including
appropriate engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment (PPE)

16. TRAINING
• Information on the types, proper use, location, removal, handling, decontamination and disposal of
PPE
• An explanation of the basis for selecting PPE
• Information on the efficacy, safety, benefits and method of administration of the hepatitis B vaccine,
and its availability, free of charge, to employees with an occupational hazard exposure
• Information on the appropriate actions to take and people to contact in an emergency involving
blood or other potentially infectious material
• An explanation of the procedure to follow if an exposure incident occurs, including the method of
reporting the incident and the medical follow-up that will be made available