This document provides information on verb tenses and the passive voice in English. It discusses the present, past, and future tenses, including the present progressive, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. It also covers using verbs in the passive voice and provides examples of converting sentences from active to passive voice. Exercises are included to identify auxiliary verbs, convert state meanings to habit meanings, and complete a story using verb tenses.

1. LÍNGUA INGLESA III – VERB
TENSES AND PASSIVE
VOICE
Profa Andréia Macambira

2. PRESENT TENSE
Present State
I’m hungry.
Do you like my hat?
 Present Event
I declare the meeting closed.
She serves – and it’s an ace.
 Present Habit
I work in two elementary schools.
It rains a lot in this part of the world.


3. Temporary present - Present Progressive
Look! It’s snowing.
The chlidren are sleeping soundly now.
 Temporary habit – Present Progressive
I’m playing golf regularly these days.
She’s not working at the moment.


4. PAST TIME:

Simple Past Tense: Definite time in the past:
He was in prision for ten years.

Present Perfect Tense: Past happening which is
seen in relation to a later event or time.
He has been in prision for ten years. (it
probably means “He’s still there”)

5. PAST TENSE

Definite time in the past:
Chandra came to England in 1955.
The parcel arrived last week.
Compare:
His sister suffered from asthma all her life.
(She’s now dead)
His sister has suffered from asthma all her life.
( She’s still alive)

6. PRESENT PERFECT

Past events with results in the present time:
The taxi has arrived. (it’s now here)
All police leave has been cancelled. ( the
police remain on duty)

Indefinite event in a period leading up to the
present:
Have you (ever) been to Florence?
All family have suffered from the same
illness. (in the last five years)

7. PRESENT PERFECT

Habit in a period leading up to the present:
She has attended lectures regularly. (this term)
He’s played regularly at Winbledon since he was
eighteen.
 State leading up to the present time:
That supermarket – how long has it been open?
She’s always had a vivid imagination.

8. THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Same sort of meaning of the Present Perfect
Simple expect that the period leading up to the
presente typically has limited duration:
I’ve been studying for the exams.
What have you been doing, sleeping all day?
Compare:
I’ve read your book.(=I’ve finished it.)
I’ve been reading your book. (normally= I’m
still reading it.)

9. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

It means past in the past; a time further in the
past as seen from a definite time in the past:
The house had been empty for several months
(when we bought it)
The goalkeeper had injured his leg, and
couldn’t play.

10. PASSIVE VOICE
Everyone rejected the bold idea.
The bold idea was rejected. (by everyone)
The ambulance crew gave the casualties first
aid.
The casualties were given first aid (by the
ambulance crew)

11. S
V
O
Many critics disliked the play.
The play was disliked (by many critics)
S
V
Agent

12. FUTURE PERFECT/ FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE PERFECT: certain point of time in the
future – we look back at events that will be
completed by that time:
By June he will have paid his debt.
We won’t have saved enough by then.

13. TIME EXPRESSIONS

Use by + time expression to identify the point
in time in future.
She’ll have looked at a lot of cars by then.

Use already to emphasize that an event will
have happened by a point of time.
By May, he’ll have already saved $1,000.

14. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A certain point in the future and we look back on
things already in progress:
We moved here in 2008. By next September
we will have been living here for several
years.
The future perfect continuous focuses on how
long and often includes the length of time.
We’re moving to Paris next year. By 2013, we
will have been living there for several years.


15. 
Use the FUTURE PERFECT or the FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS to show the order of
events:
By the time you arrive, I’ll have been reading
for an hour.

16. 1- IDENTIFY IF UNDERLINED VERBS
ARE AUXIALIRIES (A) OR MAIN
VERBS (V):
A) It is true that we WERE trying to help people
in need.
 B) Karen DOES realize that I DID her a favour.
 C) Those who HAD dinner with Mr. Partridge
HAVE been told about his latest project.
 D) Brian IS a long-distnce commuter, so he HAS
a car of his own.
 E) DO come over to see us if you HAVE enough
time to spare.
 F) Mark WAS appointed to the job because he
HAD good references.


17. CHECK IT:
A) is - V WERE - A
 B) DOES -A DID - V.
 C) HAD – V HAVE- A
 D) IS - V HAS - V
 E) DO –A HAVE - V
 F) WAS – A HAD - V


18. CONVERT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
EXPRESSING STATE MEANING INTO
CORRESPONDING SENTENCES EXPRESSING
HABIT MEANING:
Ex:
 Basil is a teetotaller
Basil doesn’t drink
alcohol/ never drinks alcohol.
a) Fiona is a vegetarian.
b) Sibyl is a pianist.
c) Winston Churchill was a cigar smoker.
d) We were regular churchgoers in those days.
e) Dr. Winter is a brain surgeon.
f) This convict is a serial killer.

19. CHECK IT:
Fiona doesnt eat meat/ never eats meat.
b) Sibyl plays the piano.
c) Winston Churchill smoked cigars.
d) We regularly went to the church in those days.
e) Dr. Winter operates on people’s brains.
f) This convict has killed several people..
a)

20. PAIR WORK - COMPLETE THE
STORY:
When he opened the door he was shocked. There
were clothes all over the floor. His bookshelves
were empty and the books were in a big messy
pile. There was paper everywhere. The bathroom
was also a mess: broken glass on the floor, his
bottle of favourite shampoo gone. He looked
around and knew immediately what had
happened. They…