2. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Any waste which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or
animals or in research activities pertaining
there to or in the production or testing of
bio medicals.
Hazardous health care waste
85% waste is non infectious
10% are infectious
5% are hazardous
3. HISTORY
In the late 1980’s
Items such as used syringes washed up on
several East Coast beaches USA
HIV and HPV virus infection
Lead to development of Biomedical Waste
Management Law in USA.
However in India the seriousness about the
management came into lime light only after
1990’s.
4. GENERATION OF BMW
Developed Countries- 1-5 kg/bed/day, with variations
among countries.
In India-
1-2 kg/bed/day with variation among
Govt. and Private establishments.
Approximately 506.74 tons/ day wastes generated
Out of which only 57% waste undergoes proper
disposal
5. CLASSIFICATION OF BMW
General Waste
Pathological
Radioactive
Chemical
Infectious to potentially infectious waste
Sharps
Pharmaceuticals
Pressurized containers
6. CATEGORIES OF BMW
Non-Infectious
waste, 80%
Pathological
and Infectious
waste, 15%Chemical and
Pharmaceutical
waste, 3%
Sharps,
1%
Radioactive,
Cytotoxic and
heavy metals,
1%
7. EXPOSURE TO BMW
RESULTS IN…
1. Infection
2. Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
3. Chemical toxicity
4. Radioactivity hazards.
5. Physical injuries
6. Public sensitivity.
8. TYPES OF BMW
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology
Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
11. SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE
WASTES
Government/private hospitals
Nursing homes
Physician/dentist office or clinic
Dispensaries
Primary health care centers
Medical research and training centers
animal./slaughter houses
labs/research organizations
Vaccinating centers
Bio tech institutions/production units
12. COLOUR CODING FOR
SEGREGATION OF BMW
COLOR WASTE TREATMENT
Yellow Human & Animal
anatomical waste /
Micro-biology waste
and soiled
cotton/dressings/lin
en/beddings etc.
Incineration / Deep
burial
Red Tubing, Catheters,
IV sets.
Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
Blue / White Waste sharps
( Needles, Syringes,
Scalpels, blades etc.
)
Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
& Destruction /
Shredding
13. BMW MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
Waste collection
Segregation
Transportation and storage
Treatment & Disposal
Transport to final disposal site
Final disposal
14.
15. TREATMENT & DISPOSAL OF
BMW
1.
Incineration-burn trash and other types of
waste until it is reduced to ash.
2.
Autoclaving and Shredding -It uses a
combination of heat, steam and pressure.
3.
Chemical treatment-Using sodium
hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder,
savlon and then discharged into
drains/sewers
4.
Irradiation technique-Involve the expose to
UV radiation and ionizing radiation
16. PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO
IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF
BMW
Lack of segregation can cause mixing of BMW
with the other wastes.
Environment Pollution.
Mutiplication of vectors (rodents,insects,worms
etc) which causes severe diseses .
Many diseases can be spread through
blood,water,etc which is infected.
17. REDUCTION OF BMW
Source Reduction - ways to decrease the
amount of material
Segregation - keeping noninfectious
waste out of the infectious waste stream
Minimization - reduce or eliminate waste
at the source
Engineering controls - methods to
reduce quantity of waste(smaller
containers)
19. ACTS FOR BMW
MANAGEMENT
Biomedical waste (management and handling)
rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came
into force on 20th July 1998.
This rule applies to those who generate, collect,
receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio
medical waste in any manner.
Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into
containers/bags at the point of generation of
waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers
used for disposal of waste is came into existence
which is shown as follows.
20. ENVIRONMENT LEGISLATION
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Biomedical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1998
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 2000
The Hazardous Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1989
The National Environmental Tribunal Act,
1995
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981
21. CONCLUSION
Proper collection and segregation of
biomedical waste.
Try to reduce the waste generation.
Individual awareness and participation.
Use recycle products.
To natural biodiversity.