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Living world of animals (2)
- 4. Totality of species, populations, communities and ecosystems, both wild and domestic Variety and variability among living organisms and the habitats in which they live Includes a variety of ecosystems such as those that occur in deserts, forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and agricultural fields
- 5. In each ecosystem, living creatures including humans form a community interacting with one another and with other animals, plants, air, water and soil around them The living things form biotic community and non-living things form abiotic community
- 6. Living or dwelling place of an organism Fishes and crabs grow only in water while many animals like elephants, tigers and camels live on land The geographical features and environmental conditions on earth differ from one place to another
- 7. Camel is able to live in deserts more comfortably Polar Bear and Penguins dwell in cold regions Living in such harsh conditions requires special features in these animals which help these organisms to live, breed and excel well in that particular place
- 8. Living things are made of small units called cells All the functions and processes in the body of living things are brought about with the help of cells Unicellular organisms- organisms made up of a single cell. Eg: amoeba, paramecium, euglena
- 9. Multicellular organisms- organisms made of many cells. Eg: fish, frog, lizard, bird and man
- 13. Small, usually microscopic, cannot be seen with naked eye Aquatic, simplest and most primitive of all animals Perform all their physiological activities by the special structures present inside the body called organelles
- 14. Does all the activities like digestion, locomotion, respiration and reproduction Swallows food from the water and the food is digested in the food vacuole
- 15. Contractile vacuoles help in excretion Respiration is by simple diffusion through the body surface Have finger-like structures called Pseudopodia, (false foot) which help in movement or locomotion
- 17. Lives in water and move with the help of cilia
- 19. Moves with a flagellum
- 21. Majority of organisms we see around us, including animals Different functions are carried out by different groups of cells or organs in their body
- 22. Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms 1. Made up of single cell Made up of many cells 2. The single cell of the organism can perform all the functions of life Division of labour exists among cells 3. Microscopic in size Mostly large in size 4. Lacks tissues, organs and organ systems Composed of tissues, organs and organ systems 4. Growth occurs by an increase in the size of the cell Growth occurs by an increase in the number of cells by cell division Eg: amoeba, paramecium, euglena Eg: earthworms, fish, frog, lizard, birds and human beings
- 23. The presence of specific body features for certain habits which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat
- 25. The head, trunk and tail of a fish merge to form a streamlined shape. The streamlined body shape helps the fish to move through the water easily
- 26. Has special organs called Gills which is a respiratory organ helps to absorb oxygen dissolved in water for breathing. It is adapted to breathe in water Most of the fishes have slippery scales all over the body which protect the body The fish has fins for swimming
- 27. Has strong tail which acts as rudder to change direction and keep its body balance in water
- 28. Scaly-skinned reptiles Possess legs, movable eyelids, and external ear openings Mostly inhabit warm regions. Most lizards are quadripedal (walk with four legs) and have a powerful limb
- 29. Some lizards have the capacity to rotate the head around the head joint Breathe through lungs. Some lizards are able to run bipedally with two legs. In this the tail is held out backward and upward and acts as a counterweight
- 30. Most lizards eat a variety of insects like mosquitoes and Cockroaches with sharp, tricuspid, teeth adapted for grabbing and holding Some lizards (Dinosaurs) have web in the toes, and few lizards are able to glide or parachute the air and make soft landings
- 31. Have streamlined body covered with feathers This body shape provides minimum resistance to air
- 32. Have beak instead of mouth Breathe through lungs Have a pair of wings that are modified forelimbs Have hollow and light bones
- 33. Can hop, move, run, etc., on the ground and perch well on the branches of tree with the help of a pair of clawed feet The tail of the bird helps it to control the direction of the movements Have strong chest muscles which help them withstand the pressure of the air while flapping their wings during flight
- 34. At a time, birds can see one object with one eye and another object with the other eye. (Binocular vision)
- 35. Has long legs which help it to keep its body away from the hot sand in the desert
- 36. Can drink large amount of water (when it is available) and store it in the body Body is adapted to save water in the dry desert as follows: passes small amount of urine; dung is dry and does not sweat. Since it loses very little water from its body, it can live for many days without drinking water Hump has fat stored in it. In case of emergency it can break down stored fat for nourishment
- 37. Has large and flat padded feet which help it to walk easily on soft sand Has long eye lashes and hairs to protect its eyes and ears from the blowing dust Can keep its nostrils closed to avoid dust
- 38. Bears are insulated with two layers of fur and a thick layer of body fat Body temperature and metabolic rate doesn’t change, even when temperatures reach -37 C (-34 F)
- 39. Can quickly overheat when they run Ears are small and round and their tails short and compact to conserve the most heat possible Polar bear paws are ideal for roaming the Arctic
- 40. Black footpads on the bottom of each paw are covered by small soft bumps known as papillae. Papillae grip the ice and keep the bear from slipping Tufts of fur between its toes and footpads can help with security Use their claws to catch and hold prey and to gain traction on ice
- 41. Have webbed feet for powerful swimming Bodies are streamlined to reduce drag in water
- 42. Wings shaped like flippers also help them fly underwater at speeds up to 15 mph Have thick skin and lots of fat (blubber) under their skin to keep warm in cold weather Dark coloured feathers of a penguin's back surface absorb heat from the sun
- 43. Tightly packed feathers overlap to provide waterproofing and warmth Coat their feathers with oil from a gland near the tail to increase impermeability Heavy, solid bones act like a diver’s weight belt, allowing them to stay underwater
- 44. Have very round bodies which protect them from cold
- 45. Hooves are adapted to the rugged slopes by being flexible like rubber so they can jump from rock to rock Has eight teeth in front so it can easily grab big patches of grass Gestation periods last at least 150 to 180 days and the babies are usually born in the spring which is a beneficial time for the goat's babies to be born because it is easier to survive in the warmer weather
- 46. Horns help to defend them from predators Hooves have a slit in the middle to make them more flexible
- 47. Long, retractable claws help them snare their prey
- 48. Tan color allows it to blend in with the savannas, open woodlands and deserts in which they live Have developed loose skin on their bellies that protects them from the frantic kicks of their prey