Literature referred from NBC, TSS, Bye Laws, Neufert, kendriya vidyalaya sangathan, I.S. Codes, CBSE, ISCE, NCERT, MHRD, AICTE for the study of School

1. (Literature referred from NBC, TSS, Bye Laws, Neufert, kendriya vidyalaya
sangathan, I.S. Codes, CBSE, ISCE, NCERT, MHRD, AICTE for the study of School)
Literature StudyOn School Design
By-Anupma Goel
Aakriti Roy

2. Overall Area of School

3. Area Distribution

4. Ha=hectare=0.01 sq. km.

7. • Classrooms
• Laboratories
• Science Room
• Workshops
• auditorium
• counsellor's room
• Sports Room
• Activity rooms
• Library
• Club Room
• Science Theory Room
• Multiuse Hall
• Canteen
• Medical Room
• Water Area
• Washrooms
• Assembly Area
• Electrical/meter Room
• Service Shaft
• Janitor’s room
• Kitchen/pantry
• Concessionaire
• Store room
• Circulation
• Security Room
• lost and found room
• Principal Room
• General office
• Staff Room
• Visitors Room/waiting area
• Vice-principal's room
• Reception
• Admin Area
• Staff Toilet
• Examination Control Room
Indoor Swings

8. 1)Educational Space

9. i. Classrooms
a. Arthrometry
(dimensions of children and their space requirement)
All dimensions in mm
Primary Class Students Middle Class Students

10. Senior Class Students
*Dimensions in cm

11. b)Dimensions & arrangement of furniture
• The furniture for pupils should be comfortable, easy to maintain, free form
sharp corners, nails, etc. It should be rough and durable, scratch resistant and
noise dampening.
a) stacker
b) double entry study
c) arm chair
d) lift lid table and chair
e) class unit
f) desk with chair
g) typing table
h) desk
i) Study carrels
• Height of the classroom should not be less than
3.00 m measured at any point from the surface of
the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling.
• The minimum headroom such as under the
bottom of beams, fans and lights shall be 26 m
measured vertically under such beam, fan or light.
• The proportion of the breadth (minimum
dimension ) to the length (maximum dimension )
of the classroom should be not more than 1:1.5
• The sill height for
classrooms with
furniture arrangements
should be not more than
800 mm measured from
finished floor level and
that for the classrooms
with squatting
arrangement should be
not more than 600 mm

12. Steel armed
chair
*All dimensions in mm

13. Steel Desk
*All dimensions in mm

14. Typical illustration of a Primary Classroom
Typical Illustration of a Secondary/Higher Secondary Classroom

15. Alternative Arrangement of Furniture in
Primary Classroom
Alternative Arrangement of Furniture in
Secondary/Higher Secondary Classroom

16. Hexagonal classrooms with no corridor, access
through cloakroom, lobby
Hexagonal classrooms & with no corridor, access
through cloakroom, lobby
Classroom with daylight from high window, but no window at the back.
Corridor opens out in front of each classroom with cloakroom & store room.
Layouts
Saw tooth layout, risk of disturbance between rooms

17. Four Classrooms/floor with daylight from
two sides, extended on one side for group
teaching
Multi-storey building, two classes around a staircase, daylight from two sides
Example of joining classroom, outside classroom space & hobby
room

18. S.No
.
Fittings No. of Units Area Remarks
1 Chalkboard 1 1200mmX240
0mm
• Base should be 800mm
above floor
• Location –on wall,
adjacent to window wall
2 Cupboard 1 1-5 sq. m. • Depth – min.= 450mm
3 Pinboard - - • One or more near
chalkboard to display
maps, work, etc.
4 Fans 3 1200mm
diameter
5 Light Points 4 -
6 Student’s
Desk
Depend on
no. of seats
& desks
(single/dou
ble)
Depend on
no. of seats &
desks
(single/doubl
e)
7 Wooden
Picture Rail
1 Length=lengt
h of wall
• On wall, opposite to
window/chalkboard
8 Student’s
Lockers
1 for each
student
- • Locker for each student
may be provided in case
such arrangement in
desk is not possible
Typical Arrangement showing Fan and Light Points in
Primary &Secondary Classrooms
Classroom Fittings

19. ii) Laboratories
• Types of laboratories- Physics, Chemistry,
Biology, Home Science, computer, etc
(* dimensions in feet)
(* dimensions in cm)

20. Physics laboratory
Chemistry laboratory
(*all dimensions in mm)

21. • Chemistry and biology labs with fixed benches
• Labs have frequent air exchange, additional cupboards
(digestors) for work which produces gas or smoke.
• Physics labs mainly with movable benches and a range
of electrical installations in trunking in wall .
• Classrooms for biology, physics and chemistry 2.50
sq.m./place.
• For lectures and demonstration in practical work 4.50
sq.m./places including special-purpose ancillary space
but not including ancillary rooms.
• Room sizes for demonstration and practical in chemistry
and biology, physics, or combinations should be 70-80
sq.m.
• Ideally, for physics, biology and chemistry lectures
(possibly including demonstrations) 60 m2 is needed,
with fixed raked seating

22. Computer labs
Electronic Workstation
• Both the work surface and the display
monitors must be lowered and raised as a
unit with 31.8 cm of travel.
• The work surface must be tilted any where
between a horizontal position to 35° below
horizontal. The work surface, at Its lowest
setting and with a 10 tilted angle, as is
common in use, must be 63.5 cm in height at
Its front edge.
(Anthropometry)

23. • The work surface must raise to a horizontal height
of 104 cm, accommodating a majority of people in
a standing position.
• The monitor screens must be tilt able to any
position between 16° forward of vertical and 15°
back. This lets the user adjust the screen to avoid
reflective glare, and it accommodates various
working positions of different lines of sight.
• Adjustment controls designed for hand operation
must be located within the operator's extended
reach envelope.
• This All surfaces must have matte or dull finishes
glare The workstation must be compact and
reduces the likelihood of re relatively easy to
move through a standard 81-cm doorway
• No structural components shall exist which inhibit
the workstation's operation by users in
wheelchairs, ensuring a barrier-free workstation
Service personnel must have easy access to
electrical components.

24. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm

25. iii)Library
Space recommendation
• one seat for each of 20 percent
of students in school.
• 2.3m - 3.5 m floor area per seat
• 50 - 60 volume per. Sq. m. Of
overall floor area
Minimum Clearance in
shelving area for
various altitudes

26. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Optimum Shelving conditions for Adults
(304.8mm)
(609.6mm)
(1066.8mm)
(1371.6mm)
(1625.6mm)
(1828.8mm)
(2057.4mm)
(381mm)
(558.8mm)
(762mm)
(1651mm)(1752.6mm)
Source: Time savers standard

27. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Optimum Shelving conditions for Teenagers
(228.6mm)
(609.6mm)
(990.6mm)
(1295.4mm)
(1676.4mm)
(1346.2mm)
(609.6mm)
Source: Time savers standard

28. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Optimum Shelving conditions for Children
Source: Time savers standard
(101.6mm)
(457.2mm)
(660.4mm)
(965.2mm)
(1168.4mm)
(1168.4mm)
(508mm)
(279.4mm)

29. Source: Neufert
(*Dimensions in cm)

30. (For Teenagers and Adults) (for children) (*dimensions in cm)

31. v)Workshops
Level of work length per person (mm) Activity
Teaching (school) all subjects 600 Working in pairs
900 Individual working
1200 Advanced work
Teaching (college, polytechnic,
University)
Physics 900 to 1800 Elementary to advanced 1800
Chemistry 1200 to 1800 Includes a 50% contribution of
space
Biochemistry 1200 to 1800 For small sink between two
persons
Biology 1200

32. 2)Administrative Area

34. Reception

37. Sitting Arrangement (layouts)
Layout 1 Layout 2
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm

38. Layout 3 Layout 4
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm

39. Conference room

40. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm

41. Private office (Principal’s room, Vice principal’s, etc.)
Anthropometry

43. TYPICAL ROOM ARRANGEMENT (1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm)

44. i)Staff Toilets
Fitments Males Female
1)Water Closet One for every 25
Person
One for every 15
persons
2)Ambulation Taps One for each W.C. One for each W.C.
3)Urinals One for 20
persons
-
4)Wash Basins One for Every 25
persons
One for every 15
persons
Ambulation Taps
WCs for female staff
(eg. For 20 teachers ,10
sq.m.)
WCs for male staff
(eg. For 30 teachers,
15sq.m.)

45. 3)Service & Support

46. 1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Round tables fit in 3.34 sq.m. corner space
Canteen
Minimum width for table and chairs
In plan and elevation, seating requirement
and clearances for various dining table
arrangements

47. Organization
of space and
functions in
school
kitchen

48. Meal and crockery distribution and dinning area
• For kitchen and ancillary(primary activities)
rooms, the size and equipment specification
depends on the catering system.
• Table service for food and table clearing for
young children (portions possibly served by
teacher), otherwise self-service (e.g. from
conveyer belt, counter, cafeteria line or free-
flow system).
• Distribution capacity of 5-15 meals/minute or
2501000 / hour, variable staffing levels.
• Space required for distribution systems 40-60
sq.m.
• Dining room size depends on number of pupils
and number of sittings, min. of 1.20-1.40 sq.m.
per place.
• Larger spaces should be divided up. For every
40 places, 1 wash-basin in the entrance area.
N
E
S
W
(Principal
period of use)
(Desired orientation
of sun)

49. 1)Washrooms
Female and Child Anthropometrics
• The number of toilets, urinals and
wash-basins required, based on total
number of pupils and separated
according to sex.
• sanitary installations with direct
daylight and ventilation are
preferable, and there must be
separate entrances for boys and girls.
Lesson time
WCs
(eg.-for 100
boys,15sq.m.)
Lesson time
WCs(eg. For
100 girls,
15sq.m.
Male anthropometric considerations
Break time WC facilities(eg. For 250
girls,40sq.m. & 250 boys, 40sq.m.)

50. Double range facilities for 500 girls,
65sq.m. & for 500 boys, 40 sq.m.
(for larger complexes, decentralised
facilities should be provides )
Recommended WC facilities

53. Kids play area
KIDS ZONE BASICALLY IS FOR TWO AGE GROUPS –
2YR-5YR & 6YR-12 YR
• BUFFFER ZONE WILL PROVIDE SPEERATION
BETWEEN TWO AGE SPECIFIC PLAY AREA AND
CAN BE PROVIDED BY LANDSCAPING OR
BENCHES
1.KEEP SLIDES OUT OF HEAT OF SUN BY LOCATING
THE SWINGS IN NORTH. SHADES CAN BE PROVIDED
BY TREES OR SHADE STRUCTURES ETC.
2.QUIET ACTIVITIES AREAS SHOULD BE PROVIDED.
FLOORING-
• PLAYGROUND SURFACE THAT INCLUDES RUBBER
TILES OR ENGINEERED WOOD FIBER.
• ALL ELEVATED PLAY STRUCTURES OR SWINGS
MUST HAVE A CLEARANCE SPACE OF 1830MM
FROM ANY HARD SURFACE.

54. Open Area

55. Outdoor pitches

58. Sports Facilities
a. Swimming Pool
• These pools are used mainly for competition and training
Standard dimensions are:
I. Length-pool shorter than 50 m should be a factor of 100 m in
length 25 a 33.3 m is adequate for all purpose accommodation:
33.3 m is sometimes favored to is greater water area, but it
gives no advantage for swimming competitions where start and
finish positions will be at opposite ends of the pool.
II. Depth- pool bottom can slope (minimum water depth 900 mm,
254. 5. Deck level filtration acceptable provided the end walls
depending 1 m deep
III. Swimming Lanes - can be 2.1 m wide 4 to 10, and even 12,
lanes may be provided depending on demand
IV. Diving- a 1m removable springboard would be useful. It needs a
minimum water depth of 3 and necessitates a higher level of
supervision
Length 50m
Constant Water Depth 1.8 m
Lane Width 2.5m
Pool Width 21m(8 lines)
Different Dimensions of Swimming Pool
sections

59. Open air swimming poolIndoor
swimming
pool
Space and
area
organisation
diagram

60. b)Tennis Court
• The surface may be grass, a variety of asphalt, wood,
porous concrete, or other composition It is marked out
with white lines as shown in the diagram.
• The lines are included within the limits C court. The net
is suspended between two posts from a cable covered
by white tape At its be is kept taut by a vertical strap
which is firmly fixed to the ground.
• The height of the may be adjusted by a handle
attached to one of the posts

61. • 400m standard 7-lane club
running track for 6-lane all-
weather surfaces red
overall dimensions by
2440 (approx. overall size
179x106m (193x116 yd):
me competition
• regional tracks require 8
all weather lanes with 10-
lane sprint straight :
increase overall
dimensions by 2440
(approx. overall size 181lx
(198x121 yd).
(*all dimensions in m)
c)Running Track

62. Indoor Pitches

64. Limit of viewing
(for spectators)
RISER HEIGHT (N)
N = (R+C) X (D+C) - R
d
WHERE N = RISER HEIGHT
R = HEIGHT BETWEEN EYE AND POINT OF FOCUS
C = VIEWING STANDARD ( C VALUE)
D = DISTANCE FROM EYE TO POINT OF FOCUS
T = TREAD PATH I.E. DEPTH OF SITTING ROW

65. Parking
occupancy One car Parking space for every
Population
Less Than
50,000
Populatio
n
Between
50,000 &
200,000
Population
between
200,000&1,00,000
Population Between
1,000,000 &
5,000,000
Population
Above
5,000,00
Educational - - 70 sq. m. area 50sq.m. area 35 sq. m.
area
Norms for Off-Street Parking Spaces

67. • Means of Access (Roads/Streets)
a) Width of means of access- 7.5m
b) Length of means of access – 150m (max)
• Footpaths
a) Width of footfall depend upon the expected pedestrian traffic
b) Ideally designed for LOS-B (Line of Service-B) i.e. for road with
reasonably free flow of vehicles on road.
• Pathways
a) Length of pathways shall not be more than 30m.
b) Safety and concern of cyclist and pedestrians should be
considered by encouraging construction of segregated rights of
way for bicycles and pedestrians .

68. Fire safety regulations for School
• All schools shall have fire fighting equipment
• All escape routes shall be kept clear of any obstruction
• There shall be proper facilities for storage of LPG cylinders in the labs, preferably, these LPG
cylinders shall be kept in a separate enclosure away from the classrooms so that there is no
threat of fire spreading in the building in case of leakage of gas from LPG cylinder
• At the place where LPG cylinders are stored, necessary water spray system shall be provided
through a manual control valve located about 1.5 mtr. away from such place of storage of the
cylinders.
• As far as possible the electrical meter board should not be installed in staircase and wherever
already installed, it shall be enclosed in a metallic box
• Whatever generator set is used in the school premises, apart from necessary precautions to
take care of noise or air pollution, it should be ensured that this generator set is located
either on a separate floor or in a separate part of the building with direct access from
outside.
• All furniture of the school including chairs and tables must be got painted with fire retardant
paints that are approved by Central Building Research Institute (C.B.R.I.), Roorkee.
• Every room with a capacity of over 45 persons in area shall have minimum 2 door ways 16.
Upper floor shall have minimum 2 Exit ways/Stairway as remote from each other as
possible

69. b) For schools above ground floor and up to two upper floors & above ground
plus two floors but below 15 meters in height.
• One carbon dioxide type fire extinguisher 2.5 Kg capacity ISI marked or
one ABC type fire extinguisher with ISI mark shall be provided for every
300 sq. mtr. of covered area or part thereof subject to a minimum of 2
such extinguishers for every floor.
• one fire extinguisher each in laboratory, near to electrical installation
and/or generator room shall also be provided.
• The basement, if any, in the building shall be provided with sprinkler
system A hose reel, 30 meter long and fitted with 6.5 mm diameter nozzle
the end of the hose reel hose shall be provided for every 1000 sqm. of
covered area subject to a minimum of one hose reel per floor of the
building.
• if total covered area is more than 5000 sqm. and up to 10000 sqm. an
additional underground water storage tank of 25000 liters capacity shall
be provided. The capacity of this underground water storage shall be
50000 liters in case the total covered area exceeds 10000 sqm.
• A fire pump having 450 liters per minute output at 40 meters head and a
jockey pump having 180 liters output at 40 metres head shall be installed
at the terrace. All the pumps shall be automatic in operation.
Sprinkler system

70. c) Auditorium
SEATING CAPACITY
• In general the maximum
capacity of an auditorium
depends on the format
selected.
• Other factors include levels,
sightlines, circulation and
seating density as well as
size and shape of
platform/stage.
• SIZE OF AUDITORIUM An
area of at least 0.5 sq m per
spectator is to be used for
sitting spectator.
• This number is derived
from a seat width x row
spacing of at least 0.45 sq
m per seat, plus an
additional minimum of 0.5m
x 0.9m i.e. approximately
0.05sq m per seat.

71. LENGTH OF ROWS
• A maximum of 16 seats per aisle. 25 seats per
aisle is permissible if one side exit door of 1 m
width is provided per 3-4 rows.
EXITS, ESCAPE ROUTES
• 1m wide per 150 people (minimum width 0.8m)
VOLUME OF ROOM
• Playhouses approx. 4-5 cu. M.
• Spectator, opera approx. 6-8 cu. M.
STAGE FORMS
• There are three stage forms: full stage, small
stage and set areas.
• Full stage: Stage area > 100 sq. m
• Stage ceiling > 1m above top of proscenium arch
• An essential feature of a full stage is an iron
safety curtain which separates the stage from
the auditorium in the event of an emergency.
• Small Stage: Area no more than 100 sq. m.
No stage extension (secondary stages)
• Stage ceiling not more than 1 m above top of
Small stages do not require an iron safety
curtain.
• Set areas: Raised acting areas in rooms without
ceiling projection,

72. Proportions of auditorium:
These are obtained from the spectator's psychological
perception and viewing angle, as well as the
requirement for a good view from all seats.
• Good view without head movement, but slight eye
movement of about 30°
• Good view with slight head movement and slight
eye movement approx.60°.
• Maximum perception angle without head
movement is about 110°, i.e. in this field everything
which takes place between the corners of the eyes'
is perceived.
• There is uncertainty beyond this field because
something may be missed from the field of vision.
• With full head and shoulder movement, a
perception field of 360° is possible.

73. Fire safety regulations
• One exit having 1.5 meters clear width for
every 150 seating capacity subject to a
minimum of two such exits located as
remote to each other as possible shall be
provided in the Auditorium.
• The exit gates must always open outwards.
• In case stage is made of wood and/or
curtains are provided at the stage,
automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided to protect the stage only.
• Emergency light shall be provided,
Illuminated exit signs shall be provided in
each exit door..
layouts