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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Rehan Ahmed Khan
Learning
outcomes Introduction and Objectives and Basics of
Review Articles (Joey)
Steps in conducting systematic review (Rehan)
Formulating a focused question and defining
eligibility criteria (Joey)
Developing search strategies (Rehan) (Joey)
Managing search results(J)
Resources to complete systematic reviews(J)
Evaluation and conclusion (Rehan)
STEPS OF CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
TASK
Steps
Identify a problem
Formulate a research question
Define inclusion and exclusion criteria
Locate studies (Literature review)
Form a systematic review team
Select Studies
Assess quality of studies
Perform data analysis
Present results
Perform data analysis and synthesis of
relevant studies
Identify a
problem
Formulate a
research
question
Define
inclusion and
criteria
Form a
systematic
review team
Systematic reviews are a
team activity, and choosing
the right team members is
an essential part of the
entire review process
Do Literature
Search
Locate Studies
Select studies
Stage 1.
Reviewers look only at
the title, abstract and
keywords.
Stage 2:
Reviewers read the full text of
each article to make final
inclusion/exclusion decision.
Thus, two independent
reviews of all articles are
needed to determine which
articles will be included.
Assess quality
Using
Qualsyst to
determine
the quality of
articles
Perform data
analysis
Present results
Interpret
results/determi
ning the
applicability of
results
DEVELOPING
SEARCH
STRATEGIES
Information
searching
and
Literature
review
• What are different methods
of Information searching?
Where to
search:
which
information
sources to
use?
Journal articles
Textbooks
Conference proceedings
Newspapers
Dissertations
Websites
• All of these sources are available to
search through specialized electronic
databases
Selecting the Appropriate Databases
ELECTRONIC
DATABASES
SOME COMMON DATA BASES
 PUBMED
 ERIC
 PSYCHINFO
 WEB OF SCIENCE
 EBSCO
 CINAHL
 COCHRANE DATABASE
 OVID
How to
chose a
electronic
data base
• According to your subject area (Life sciences, social
sciences, humanities, agriculture, etc…)
• According to availability:
Open access (Pubmed)
University login:OVID, EbscoHost,
Web of Science
Other : Professional associations
Construct a strategic and valuable search
strategy in one database (PubMed)
Can I Just
search
Google?
One of the
most
common
Questions ;
before
conducting a
Literature
search
Can I just
search Google
Scholar?
• Google Scholar (GS) lacks a controlled
vocabulary
• GS cannot store search histories, and it is not
possible to combine searches or evaluate
changes made to search queries.
• Wildcards and limits (for instance study types)
cannot be used precisely.
• Only the first 1,000 citations of any search in
GS are viewable and search strings must be
kept under 256 characters.
• GS does not allow to download results in bulk
to reference management software.
Identify topic scope – words
and concepts
• What are the factors
affecting the quality of
undergraduate medical
curriculum?
• Factors , indicators ,
Markers
• Quality , standards
• Curriculum , Syllabus ,
Course
WHAT IS A
KEY
WORD?
WHAT IS
MESH?
A well-designed search strategy consists of a
combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary
search terms.
Keywords are “natural language”
words describing your topic.The
search engine looks for keywords
anywhere in the record (title, author
name, abstract, journal name..)
often returns many irrelevant
results.
A controlled vocabulary is a
standardized set of terms used by a
database to categorize articles
based on the content. Using terms
from a database’s controlled
vocabulary retrieves more relevant
articles.
HOW TO COMBINE MESH TERMS AND KEYWORD: USE THE
LOGICAL OPERATORS (AND, OR, NOT)
Logical operators: the
easy one - AND
‘and’ looks for articles containing both terms
and it narrows the search
Logical operators:
OR
“or” broadens the search
Looks for articles containing either search term or
both
Logical operators: the
difficult one - NOT
• Excludes terms from the search
• Looks for articles containing “Africa”, excludes those containing “Asia”
• Watch out because you will eliminate records which include both terms
Syllabus not Assessment
Other searching
techniques :
limits (or filters)
• Many databases allow you to
“limit” your search in different
ways, thus refining the search and
reducing the number of results.
• Limits are usually available on
advanced search screens, or you
can apply them after doing your
keyword search.
AFTER YOU HAVE RUN THE SEARCH:
WHAT TO DO WITH YOUR SEARCH
RESULTS
In a Nut Shell….. 1. Select search terms and
sources of information
2. Run searches and manage
search results
3. Report your search
4. Prepare a bibliography for
your article/thesis
EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION
Select search
terms
Select
databases to
search
Run
searches
Export and
assess the
results
Report the
searching
process
How to conduct a systematic search ?
Thank you

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literature search and review copy 2.pptx

Editor's Notes

  1. Stage 1 Based on these components, if both the reviewers are convinced that the publication is ineligible, the article is excluded. In case there is insufficient information to decide, the article can advance to Stage 2. If reviewers disagree about the inclusion of an article, it is better to take it to Stage 2, based on the rationale that it is better to assess using the full text rather than abstract Stage 2 If the reviewers disagree at Stage 2, another team member may be included to assess the article and consensus must be reached. This is the stage at which concise recording of decision-making is needed to ensure transparency.
  2. Stage 1 Based on these components, if both the reviewers are convinced that the publication is ineligible, the article is excluded. In case there is insufficient information to decide, the article can advance to Stage 2. If reviewers disagree about the inclusion of an article, it is better to take it to Stage 2, based on the rationale that it is better to assess using the full text rather than abstract Stage 2 If the reviewers disagree at Stage 2, another team member may be included to assess the article and consensus must be reached. This is the stage at which concise recording of decision-making is needed to ensure transparency.