The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It explains that a literature review summarizes previous academic research on a particular topic. It should be organized according to the research problem and synthesize results to identify what is known and areas needing further study. When writing a literature review, it is important to find relevant sources, critically analyze the literature, and discuss how it applies to the proposed study. The literature review should conclude by summarizing important aspects and interpreting them in terms of the research problem.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW?
The Literature Review examines recent research studies,
company data or industry report that act as a basis for
proposed study.
The section begins with the related literature and
relevant secondary data from a comprehensive
perspective moving to more specific studies, that are
associated with the research problem.

2. Literature Review
 A Literature Review is summary of research
that has been published about a particular subject.
 It provides the reader with an idea about the
current situation in terms of what has been done
and what we know.
 Sometimes it includes suggestions about what needs
to be done to increase the knowledge and
understanding of a particular problem.

3. Review of Literature ?
 A Literature Review is an account of what has been
published on a topic by accredited scholars and
researchers.
 As a piece of writing, the Literature Review must be
defined by a guiding concept e.g. your research
objective, the problem or issue you are discussing
etc.

4. Literature Review?
 Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic,
Literature Review lets you gain and demonstrate
skills in two areas:
 Information seeking : The ability to scan the
literature efficiently using manual or computerized
methods to identify a set of useful articles and
books
 Critical appraisal : The ability to apply principles
and analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.

5. What Literature Review
should do ?
 Be organized around and related directly to the
research problem.
 Synthesize results into a summary of what is and
what is not
 Identify areas of controversy in the literature.
 Formulate question that need further research.

6. Ask these questions
 What is the specific thesis or research question that
my Literature Review helps me to define?
 What type of Literature Review am I conducting?
Am I looking at issues of theory? Methodology?
Quantitative research or Qualitative research?
 What is the scope of Literature Review? What type
of publications am I using ?What discipline am I
working in?

7. Ask these Questions
 How good was my information seeking? Has my
search been wide enough to ensure I have found all
the relevant material? Is number of sources I have
used appropriate for the length of my research?
 Have I critically analyzed the literature I use? Do I
follow through a set of concepts and questions,
comparing items to each other in the ways they deal
with them?

8. Ask these Questions
 How I cited and discussed studies contrary to my
perspective?
 Will the reader find my literature review relevant,
appropriate and useful?

9. Literature Review
 If the problem has historical background, begin with
the earliest references
 Avoid the extraneous details of literature.
 Do a brief review of information, not a
comprehensive report.
 Always refer to original source.
 If you find something of interest in a quotation find
the original publication and ensure that you
understand it.

10. Literature Review
 This will help you to avoid any errors of
interpretation or transcription.
 Emphasize the important results of cohesions of
other studies.
 The relevant data and trends from previous
research.
 Whether particular methods or designs that could
be duplicated or should be avoided.

11. Literature Review
 Discuss how the literature applies to the study the
researcher is proposing.
 Show weaknesses or faults in the design.
 If your proposal solely deals with secondary data,
discuss the relevance of the data and the bias or
lack of bias inherent in it.
 The Literature Review may also explain the need for
the proposed work to appraise the shortcomings
and or informational gaps in secondary data
analysis.

12. Literature Review
 The above analysis may go beyond ------
--- Scrutinizing the availability or conclusions of
past studies and their data.
---- Examining the accuracy of secondary data
sources
----- The credibility of these sources.
----- The appropriateness of earlier studies.

13. Literature Review
 The articles used must be from professional journals,
which means we can trust that the authors are
trained professionals and others have examined
their work.
 Be sure you feel comfortable with your choices
,since it is difficult to summarize ideas that you don’t
understand.
 Once you have found the articles, read and take
notes.
 Write Literature Review from your notes.

14. Literature Review
 Close Literature Review section by summarizing the
important aspects of the literature and interpreting
them in terms of your problem.
 Refine the problem as necessary in the light of your
findings.

15. Literature Review
 In general Literature search has the following steps :
 Define your research question.
 Consult encyclopedia, handbooks and textbooks to
identify key terms, people or events relevant to
your research problem.
 Apply these key terms, people or events in
searching indexes, biographies and the work to
identify specific secondary data.

16. Literature Review
 Locate and review specific secondary sources for
relevance.
 Evaluate the value of each source and its content.

17. Literature Review Chapter
 A Literature Review chapter usually has three
sections :
1.Introduction : Introduce your topic and briefly
explain why this literature is significant or important
for study.

18. Literature Review Chapter
2.Summary of articles:
 In a paragraph or two for each study, briefly
explain the purpose, how it was conducted and the
major findings.
 When referring to an article, use last name of
author or authors and date of publication in the
text.

19. Literature Review Chapter
3.Conclusions : Briefly summarize the major findings
of studies chosen.
 References : List the studies used on a separate
page according to APA style format.