This document summarizes research on using ozone-loaded solvents to extract and destroy organic contaminants in wastewater. Volasil 245, a polydimethylsiloxane, was selected as a suitable solvent based on its properties like high ozone solubility, low toxicity, and resistance to oxidation. Preliminary tests showed Volasil 245 was effective at extracting various organic contaminants from water. Volasil 245 liquid-liquid contact with ozone achieved faster degradation of phenol and chlorophenol in water than conventional gas-liquid contact with ozone. Overall results indicate ozone-loaded solvents may provide an improved method for treating organics in wastewater.
Proposed Pathways for the Reduction of a Reactive Azo Dye and kinetic reactio...Eleazar Maximo Escamilla
Azo dye degradation from textile effluents has been the objective of research for several years due to the increasingly pollution problem that they generate. For the removal of these compounds, it has been applied different kind of process, since the physicochemical to biological, and has been degraded in diverse reactors. However, is a continuous search for an efficient, low cost and environmental impact to eliminate this problem. This presentation shows one part of the contribution to development a new process for treat waste water from textile industries that present an ecological problem.
The document discusses the use of Fenton chemistry and RADOX-23 systems for odor control. It provides background on Fenton reagents and reactions, and details how Steen Research has successfully applied Fenton systems to reduce odors and pollutants from various industrial processes, including denim manufacturing, rendering, and poultry plants. The systems create hydroxyl radicals to destroy organic compounds, offering cost-effective odor control without generating toxic byproducts.
Water supply and sewerage engineering laboratoryTaufique Hasan
The document discusses water quality testing performed on samples from the First Ladies Hall of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Water samples were tested for various parameters under water supply engineering (drinking water) and sewerage engineering (sewage). For drinking water, tests found the pH, carbon dioxide, turbidity, alkalinity, iron, and manganese levels were all within acceptable limits for drinking water. For sewage, tests were conducted to determine total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chloride. The hardness of the water sample was also found to be within acceptable limits.
Arsenic is well known under desirable hand harmful due to its toxic nature, it poses the serious health hazard, which is present in medical substance, many qualitative and quantitative test for arsenic known, however Pharmacopoeia method is based on ‘Gutzeit Method’.
Concentration of arsenic beyond 0.01 mg/L in pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Reasons:
• Stannous chloride is used for complete evolution of arsine.
• Zinc, potassium iodide and stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent.
• Hydrochloride acid is used to make the solution acidic.
• Lead acetate pledger or papers are used to trap any hydrogen sulphide, which may be evolved along with arsine.
Laboratory manual of water supply and sewerage engineeringTaufique Hasan
This document provides the procedure for determining the total alkalinity of water through titration. It defines alkalinity as the capacity of water to neutralize acids and discusses the significance of alkalinity measurements in water and wastewater treatment. The procedure involves titrating a water sample with sulfuric acid to two end points using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. The ml of acid used is then used to calculate the total, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity concentrations in the sample.
CE8512- WATER & WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LAB MANUVALLokesh Kalliz
This document provides the procedure for determining the acidity of water samples through titration. It begins with an introduction on the principle of acidity determination, which is measuring a sample's capacity to react with a strong base. The procedure involves titrating the sample with a standard sodium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein indicator until the solution turns pink. The volume of base required is then used to calculate the acidity level in terms of milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. Precautions mentioned include using carbon dioxide-free reagents and indicators to ensure an accurate result. In summary, this document outlines the titrimetric method for quantitatively analyzing a water sample's acidity level.
This document discusses new catalysts for decontaminating industrial and agricultural wastewater. It proposes three methodologies: (1) using a Mo72Fe30 nanoparticle to photodegrade toxic substances like metal cyanides, (2) encapsulating arsenic, fluoride, and other contaminants inside nanocavities for removal, and (3) using keplerates with ligands to reversibly bind and remove heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, and lead. Field tests showed high removal rates of various pollutants. The document proposes starting a company called Green Keplerate Solutions to commercialize the technologies by scaling operations and treating wastewater on an industrial scale.
The document describes procedures for determining several water quality parameters through laboratory experiments. It discusses determining pH, hardness, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), carbon dioxide, and alkalinity. For each parameter, it provides an overview, procedure, required apparatus and reagents, and technical discussion of the results and their significance for water quality.
Proposed Pathways for the Reduction of a Reactive Azo Dye and kinetic reactio...Eleazar Maximo Escamilla
Azo dye degradation from textile effluents has been the objective of research for several years due to the increasingly pollution problem that they generate. For the removal of these compounds, it has been applied different kind of process, since the physicochemical to biological, and has been degraded in diverse reactors. However, is a continuous search for an efficient, low cost and environmental impact to eliminate this problem. This presentation shows one part of the contribution to development a new process for treat waste water from textile industries that present an ecological problem.
The document discusses the use of Fenton chemistry and RADOX-23 systems for odor control. It provides background on Fenton reagents and reactions, and details how Steen Research has successfully applied Fenton systems to reduce odors and pollutants from various industrial processes, including denim manufacturing, rendering, and poultry plants. The systems create hydroxyl radicals to destroy organic compounds, offering cost-effective odor control without generating toxic byproducts.
Water supply and sewerage engineering laboratoryTaufique Hasan
The document discusses water quality testing performed on samples from the First Ladies Hall of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Water samples were tested for various parameters under water supply engineering (drinking water) and sewerage engineering (sewage). For drinking water, tests found the pH, carbon dioxide, turbidity, alkalinity, iron, and manganese levels were all within acceptable limits for drinking water. For sewage, tests were conducted to determine total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chloride. The hardness of the water sample was also found to be within acceptable limits.
Arsenic is well known under desirable hand harmful due to its toxic nature, it poses the serious health hazard, which is present in medical substance, many qualitative and quantitative test for arsenic known, however Pharmacopoeia method is based on ‘Gutzeit Method’.
Concentration of arsenic beyond 0.01 mg/L in pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Reasons:
• Stannous chloride is used for complete evolution of arsine.
• Zinc, potassium iodide and stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent.
• Hydrochloride acid is used to make the solution acidic.
• Lead acetate pledger or papers are used to trap any hydrogen sulphide, which may be evolved along with arsine.
Laboratory manual of water supply and sewerage engineeringTaufique Hasan
This document provides the procedure for determining the total alkalinity of water through titration. It defines alkalinity as the capacity of water to neutralize acids and discusses the significance of alkalinity measurements in water and wastewater treatment. The procedure involves titrating a water sample with sulfuric acid to two end points using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. The ml of acid used is then used to calculate the total, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity concentrations in the sample.
CE8512- WATER & WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LAB MANUVALLokesh Kalliz
This document provides the procedure for determining the acidity of water samples through titration. It begins with an introduction on the principle of acidity determination, which is measuring a sample's capacity to react with a strong base. The procedure involves titrating the sample with a standard sodium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein indicator until the solution turns pink. The volume of base required is then used to calculate the acidity level in terms of milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. Precautions mentioned include using carbon dioxide-free reagents and indicators to ensure an accurate result. In summary, this document outlines the titrimetric method for quantitatively analyzing a water sample's acidity level.
This document discusses new catalysts for decontaminating industrial and agricultural wastewater. It proposes three methodologies: (1) using a Mo72Fe30 nanoparticle to photodegrade toxic substances like metal cyanides, (2) encapsulating arsenic, fluoride, and other contaminants inside nanocavities for removal, and (3) using keplerates with ligands to reversibly bind and remove heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, and lead. Field tests showed high removal rates of various pollutants. The document proposes starting a company called Green Keplerate Solutions to commercialize the technologies by scaling operations and treating wastewater on an industrial scale.
The document describes procedures for determining several water quality parameters through laboratory experiments. It discusses determining pH, hardness, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), carbon dioxide, and alkalinity. For each parameter, it provides an overview, procedure, required apparatus and reagents, and technical discussion of the results and their significance for water quality.
Ohio Awwa 2008 Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentARSacco
This document summarizes an presentation about ozone drinking water treatment applications and operational improvements. It discusses how ozone provides multiple benefits including oxidation, disinfection, and improved flocculation. It also reviews regulatory requirements, operational considerations like bromate formation control and taste and odor removal. Finally, it discusses advances in ozone system design including more efficient generators and monitoring improvements.
The document describes limit tests for various inorganic impurities that may be present in compounds. It discusses the principles, procedures, and observations for limit tests of chlorides, sulphates, iron, lead, arsenic, and heavy metals. The tests involve preparing test and standard solutions, and comparing a property such as turbidity, color formation, or stain intensity between the two. If the property from the test solution is less than the standard, then the sample passes the limit test for that impurity. The document provides detailed procedures for each limit test.
This document describes a practical record for a course on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. It includes procedures for determining dissolved oxygen in seawater using the Winkler method, standardizing a silver nitrate solution to measure chlorinity and salinity of seawater samples, and determining water hardness using EDTA titration. Observations and calculations are provided for sample analyses. The document also provides a brief description of the mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa and its distribution and habitat.
Water Quality In Mumbai Chlorinated Compounds In Potable WaterSourabh Kulkarni
This document discusses the analysis of chlorinated compounds in drinking water in Mumbai, India. The study used a spectrophotometer and the DPD method to test for free chlorine, total chlorine, monochloramines, and chlorine dioxide in water samples from various locations in Mumbai. The results were compared to standards from the Government of India, WHO, and USEPA. The DPD method involves preparing reagents, standards, and developing a calibration curve to accurately measure chlorinated compounds in water samples.
This document discusses water treatment processes for rivers and waste water. It covers pre-treatment of river water which includes chlorination, clarification, and filtration to produce good quality demineralized water. Clarification removes suspended solids through coagulation, flocculation, and settling. Proper pre-treatment is important to prevent ion exchange resins from fouling during demineralization. The document also discusses properties of water like turbidity, color, conductivity, pH, and alkalinity and how impurities like dissolved and suspended solids are removed.
ESTIMATION OF SODIUM IN TAP WATER SAMPLE BY FLAME EMISSION SPECTROPHOTOMETER ...Sadia Rahat
The document describes a procedure to estimate the concentration of sodium in a tap water sample using flame emission spectrophotometry. The procedure involves preparing standard sodium chloride solutions of known concentrations, measuring their emissions using the spectrophotometer, and generating a calibration curve. The tap water sample's emission is also measured and its sodium concentration is determined using the calibration curve. The estimated sodium concentration in the tap water sample was 1.45 ppm.
1. The document describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Ficus Elastica and their application in controlling air pollution.
2. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwave-mediated method with Ficus Elastica leaf extract. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and FTIR.
3. Batch experiments were conducted to study the removal of SO2 from aqueous solutions using the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The effect of contact time, initial SO2 concentration, nanoparticle dosage, and temperature were evaluated. Kinetic and adsorption models were applied to the experimental data.
The document describes the results of tests conducted on a water sample collected from the lawn at PDPU campus to analyze pH, COD, and TSS. The pH was found to be 5.97. For COD analysis, the sample was digested and titrated, finding a COD of 67.2 mg/L. For TSS, the sample was filtered, dried, and weighed, but no result is reported.
The document details the development of a lead sensing pad to detect lead in paint and other materials. The pad uses a chemical reaction between sodium sulfide solution and lead to produce lead sulfide, which appears black. Testing indicated the pad could reliably detect lead concentrations as low as 10 ppm. It was developed to test for lead exposure from deteriorating bathtubs at the Alazan-Apache Apartments, but residents showed little interest. Further work could involve improved community outreach and additional testing of cleaning procedures.
This document provides instructions for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) using the dichromate reactor digestion method. Key points include:
- The test measures COD concentrations from 0.7-40 mg/L (ULR range), 3-150 mg/L (LR range), 20-1500 mg/L (HR range), and 200-15,000 mg/L (HR Plus range).
- Samples are digested using COD reagent vials in a heated reactor to oxidize organic compounds. Absorbance of digested samples is then measured colorimetrically.
- Interferences from chloride are removed by mercuric sulfate in the reagent vials. Samples with high chloride must
Effect of Integrated Treatment System on Poultry Litter LeachateSadaf Liaquat
The document summarizes research on treating poultry litter leachate using an integrated biological and ozone treatment system. The researcher collected leachate samples and treated them biologically using activated sludge process, then subjected the samples to pre- and post-ozonation at varying pH levels and times. Both the biological treatment and ozonation improved removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the leachate. The integrated treatment approach was found to be more effective and cost efficient at removing contaminants than ozonation alone. An optimal pH of 9 was determined for treating the leachate using the combined biological and ozone process.
Spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry 2019 IRChris Sonntag
This document provides an overview of spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It discusses the interactions of light with molecules, polarity and dipole moments, absorption of energy, and the differences between IR and Raman spectroscopy. Factors that influence bond vibrational wavenumbers are outlined. Various stretching and bending vibrational modes are defined. Examples of analyzing IR spectra of inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and metal carbonyls are provided.
The document discusses wastewater management and engineering. It provides answers to 10 questions related to wastewater contaminants, treatment processes, and technologies. Key points include that primary wastewater treatment removes solids through gravity settling while secondary treatment uses microorganisms and longer retention times to break down smaller particles. Activated sludge is an important secondary treatment process that uses aeration and biological flocs to remove organic matter from wastewater. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) estimates toxicity by measuring the oxygen required for microbes to break down organic waste.
This document discusses chlorine measurement techniques for water disinfection. It explains that chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid. HOCl is a stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite ion (OCl-), and its effectiveness depends on pH. The document describes colorimetric and amperometric methods for measuring free chlorine. It also discusses challenges like pH dependence and how to measure total chlorine. Common applications of chlorine measurement in water treatment plants and distribution systems are outlined.
This document discusses spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It provides information on:
1. The interactions of light with molecules and what spectroscopic methods involve excitation by light.
2. How polarity and dipole moments are calculated and why CO2 and CCl4 do not have a dipole moment.
3. The factors that influence the wavenumber of a bond vibration, including bond energy, multiple bonds, atom weights and hybridization, and types of vibrational motions.
1. The document describes a study on using organosilane nanovessels created via chemical vapor deposition of organosilanes using a polystyrene nanosphere template for crystallizing alkanes at the nanoscale.
2. The nanovessels were found to have an average volume of around 284,000 nm3 and contact angle of 82±6°, and were able to concentrate deposited alkane materials near the vessel structure.
3. Factors investigated included the reaction vessel size, with smaller 100 mL jars producing multilayered nanostructures due to faster heating and higher vapor pressures, while larger 3 L desiccators resulted in monolayer structures. Reaction time studies found rings forming quickly within 10
Microwave Assist Green Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles Using Rhynchostylis...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
A novel green approach for the synthesis and
stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using water
extract of Rhynchostylisretusa(L.) Blume leaf has been
developed. As obtained, the nanoparticles are characterized by
UV-visible (UV-Vis), FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM
analysis. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs is confirmed by
the prominent peaks in the XRD pattern. FTIR spectra suggest
that the possible biomolecules are responsible for the efficient
stabilization of the sample. The prepared nanoparticle shows
good antioxidant activity.
The document summarizes a study that used a diazotization technique to confirm the presence of an aromatic amine (4-chloroaniline or PCA) in the precipitate formed when sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) are mixed, and in 2% CHX heated to 45°C. The diazotization results showed a yellow color for samples containing PCA, indicating its presence. Specifically, the precipitate formed from NaOCl and CHX, and 2% CHX heated to 45°C, turned yellow confirming the presence of PCA. However, 2% CHX at room temperature or 37°C turned white, indicating no aromatic amine was present
1. El documento proporciona 10 consejos para mantener una computadora segura y en buen funcionamiento, incluyendo cerrar Windows de forma adecuada, usar un UPS, hacer copias de seguridad regularmente, ejecutar Scandisk y desfragmentar mensualmente, no desconectar periféricos cuando la computadora está encendida, mantener espacio libre en el disco duro, limitar programas al inicio, usar antivirus y firewall, y guardar discos de software originales.
Downs Designs Dreams is a non-profit organization that designs and produces jeans and casual pants for individuals with disabilities. They started with designing jeans specifically for the body shape of people with Down syndrome almost 6 years ago. Their jeans are designed to be easy to put on and take off without buttons, zippers, or tags. They also offer a free home try-on service for customers to ensure proper fit. The organization is fundraising to support their program that donates jeans to families in need and to produce new clothing items like women's jeans and khaki pants.
Ohio Awwa 2008 Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentARSacco
This document summarizes an presentation about ozone drinking water treatment applications and operational improvements. It discusses how ozone provides multiple benefits including oxidation, disinfection, and improved flocculation. It also reviews regulatory requirements, operational considerations like bromate formation control and taste and odor removal. Finally, it discusses advances in ozone system design including more efficient generators and monitoring improvements.
The document describes limit tests for various inorganic impurities that may be present in compounds. It discusses the principles, procedures, and observations for limit tests of chlorides, sulphates, iron, lead, arsenic, and heavy metals. The tests involve preparing test and standard solutions, and comparing a property such as turbidity, color formation, or stain intensity between the two. If the property from the test solution is less than the standard, then the sample passes the limit test for that impurity. The document provides detailed procedures for each limit test.
This document describes a practical record for a course on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. It includes procedures for determining dissolved oxygen in seawater using the Winkler method, standardizing a silver nitrate solution to measure chlorinity and salinity of seawater samples, and determining water hardness using EDTA titration. Observations and calculations are provided for sample analyses. The document also provides a brief description of the mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa and its distribution and habitat.
Water Quality In Mumbai Chlorinated Compounds In Potable WaterSourabh Kulkarni
This document discusses the analysis of chlorinated compounds in drinking water in Mumbai, India. The study used a spectrophotometer and the DPD method to test for free chlorine, total chlorine, monochloramines, and chlorine dioxide in water samples from various locations in Mumbai. The results were compared to standards from the Government of India, WHO, and USEPA. The DPD method involves preparing reagents, standards, and developing a calibration curve to accurately measure chlorinated compounds in water samples.
This document discusses water treatment processes for rivers and waste water. It covers pre-treatment of river water which includes chlorination, clarification, and filtration to produce good quality demineralized water. Clarification removes suspended solids through coagulation, flocculation, and settling. Proper pre-treatment is important to prevent ion exchange resins from fouling during demineralization. The document also discusses properties of water like turbidity, color, conductivity, pH, and alkalinity and how impurities like dissolved and suspended solids are removed.
ESTIMATION OF SODIUM IN TAP WATER SAMPLE BY FLAME EMISSION SPECTROPHOTOMETER ...Sadia Rahat
The document describes a procedure to estimate the concentration of sodium in a tap water sample using flame emission spectrophotometry. The procedure involves preparing standard sodium chloride solutions of known concentrations, measuring their emissions using the spectrophotometer, and generating a calibration curve. The tap water sample's emission is also measured and its sodium concentration is determined using the calibration curve. The estimated sodium concentration in the tap water sample was 1.45 ppm.
1. The document describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Ficus Elastica and their application in controlling air pollution.
2. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwave-mediated method with Ficus Elastica leaf extract. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and FTIR.
3. Batch experiments were conducted to study the removal of SO2 from aqueous solutions using the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The effect of contact time, initial SO2 concentration, nanoparticle dosage, and temperature were evaluated. Kinetic and adsorption models were applied to the experimental data.
The document describes the results of tests conducted on a water sample collected from the lawn at PDPU campus to analyze pH, COD, and TSS. The pH was found to be 5.97. For COD analysis, the sample was digested and titrated, finding a COD of 67.2 mg/L. For TSS, the sample was filtered, dried, and weighed, but no result is reported.
The document details the development of a lead sensing pad to detect lead in paint and other materials. The pad uses a chemical reaction between sodium sulfide solution and lead to produce lead sulfide, which appears black. Testing indicated the pad could reliably detect lead concentrations as low as 10 ppm. It was developed to test for lead exposure from deteriorating bathtubs at the Alazan-Apache Apartments, but residents showed little interest. Further work could involve improved community outreach and additional testing of cleaning procedures.
This document provides instructions for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) using the dichromate reactor digestion method. Key points include:
- The test measures COD concentrations from 0.7-40 mg/L (ULR range), 3-150 mg/L (LR range), 20-1500 mg/L (HR range), and 200-15,000 mg/L (HR Plus range).
- Samples are digested using COD reagent vials in a heated reactor to oxidize organic compounds. Absorbance of digested samples is then measured colorimetrically.
- Interferences from chloride are removed by mercuric sulfate in the reagent vials. Samples with high chloride must
Effect of Integrated Treatment System on Poultry Litter LeachateSadaf Liaquat
The document summarizes research on treating poultry litter leachate using an integrated biological and ozone treatment system. The researcher collected leachate samples and treated them biologically using activated sludge process, then subjected the samples to pre- and post-ozonation at varying pH levels and times. Both the biological treatment and ozonation improved removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the leachate. The integrated treatment approach was found to be more effective and cost efficient at removing contaminants than ozonation alone. An optimal pH of 9 was determined for treating the leachate using the combined biological and ozone process.
Spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry 2019 IRChris Sonntag
This document provides an overview of spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It discusses the interactions of light with molecules, polarity and dipole moments, absorption of energy, and the differences between IR and Raman spectroscopy. Factors that influence bond vibrational wavenumbers are outlined. Various stretching and bending vibrational modes are defined. Examples of analyzing IR spectra of inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and metal carbonyls are provided.
The document discusses wastewater management and engineering. It provides answers to 10 questions related to wastewater contaminants, treatment processes, and technologies. Key points include that primary wastewater treatment removes solids through gravity settling while secondary treatment uses microorganisms and longer retention times to break down smaller particles. Activated sludge is an important secondary treatment process that uses aeration and biological flocs to remove organic matter from wastewater. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) estimates toxicity by measuring the oxygen required for microbes to break down organic waste.
This document discusses chlorine measurement techniques for water disinfection. It explains that chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid. HOCl is a stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite ion (OCl-), and its effectiveness depends on pH. The document describes colorimetric and amperometric methods for measuring free chlorine. It also discusses challenges like pH dependence and how to measure total chlorine. Common applications of chlorine measurement in water treatment plants and distribution systems are outlined.
This document discusses spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It provides information on:
1. The interactions of light with molecules and what spectroscopic methods involve excitation by light.
2. How polarity and dipole moments are calculated and why CO2 and CCl4 do not have a dipole moment.
3. The factors that influence the wavenumber of a bond vibration, including bond energy, multiple bonds, atom weights and hybridization, and types of vibrational motions.
1. The document describes a study on using organosilane nanovessels created via chemical vapor deposition of organosilanes using a polystyrene nanosphere template for crystallizing alkanes at the nanoscale.
2. The nanovessels were found to have an average volume of around 284,000 nm3 and contact angle of 82±6°, and were able to concentrate deposited alkane materials near the vessel structure.
3. Factors investigated included the reaction vessel size, with smaller 100 mL jars producing multilayered nanostructures due to faster heating and higher vapor pressures, while larger 3 L desiccators resulted in monolayer structures. Reaction time studies found rings forming quickly within 10
Microwave Assist Green Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles Using Rhynchostylis...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
A novel green approach for the synthesis and
stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using water
extract of Rhynchostylisretusa(L.) Blume leaf has been
developed. As obtained, the nanoparticles are characterized by
UV-visible (UV-Vis), FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM
analysis. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs is confirmed by
the prominent peaks in the XRD pattern. FTIR spectra suggest
that the possible biomolecules are responsible for the efficient
stabilization of the sample. The prepared nanoparticle shows
good antioxidant activity.
The document summarizes a study that used a diazotization technique to confirm the presence of an aromatic amine (4-chloroaniline or PCA) in the precipitate formed when sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) are mixed, and in 2% CHX heated to 45°C. The diazotization results showed a yellow color for samples containing PCA, indicating its presence. Specifically, the precipitate formed from NaOCl and CHX, and 2% CHX heated to 45°C, turned yellow confirming the presence of PCA. However, 2% CHX at room temperature or 37°C turned white, indicating no aromatic amine was present
1. El documento proporciona 10 consejos para mantener una computadora segura y en buen funcionamiento, incluyendo cerrar Windows de forma adecuada, usar un UPS, hacer copias de seguridad regularmente, ejecutar Scandisk y desfragmentar mensualmente, no desconectar periféricos cuando la computadora está encendida, mantener espacio libre en el disco duro, limitar programas al inicio, usar antivirus y firewall, y guardar discos de software originales.
Downs Designs Dreams is a non-profit organization that designs and produces jeans and casual pants for individuals with disabilities. They started with designing jeans specifically for the body shape of people with Down syndrome almost 6 years ago. Their jeans are designed to be easy to put on and take off without buttons, zippers, or tags. They also offer a free home try-on service for customers to ensure proper fit. The organization is fundraising to support their program that donates jeans to families in need and to produce new clothing items like women's jeans and khaki pants.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create brief, visually focused presentations.
The document assesses the Carboniferous Holywell Shale of North Wales as a potential shale gas play. It finds that the Holywell Shale exhibits heterogeneity in terms of geochemistry and sedimentology, but has high thermogenic and biogenic gas content. Well test results indicate more shale gas reserves than estimated. Favorable regulations, gas prices, and technologies could help exploration success. However, further evaluation of the shale's physical properties is needed to effectively develop and produce gas.
Summer Training Report on Maintenance of the Electric Loco'sSanjeevchhanchhia52
The document describes the construction of a solenoid electric engine made by students as a class project. It includes 6 steps to construct the engine using 4 AC solenoid coils connected to a DC motor that controls the power supply to the coils. The components used are listed along with details of the solenoid coils and applications of electromechanical solenoids.
The document discusses EU support programs for civil society in Ukraine from 2014-2017. It outlines several EU funding instruments that provide support, including the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, the Civil Society Organisations and Local Authorities program, the European Neighbourhood Instrument, and regional funds. Details are provided on annual funding allocations, eligible projects and activities, and requirements for calls for proposals. The document also briefly introduces the EU Roadmap for Engaging with Civil Society in Ukraine and its priorities to promote an enabling environment for CSOs and increase their participation and capacity.
Sarah Griffiths - Ideas for Good: Education and Young People - 21st April 2015SocEntWorks
Autism is a developmental disorder that can make social interaction and communication challenging. The document discusses developing a tablet application to help children with autism improve their emotional recognition skills through interactive games and activities. The goal is to create a fun and engaging tool that can aid children on the autism spectrum in identifying emotions in others.
This short document promotes creating Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare and getting started making one. It encourages the reader to be inspired to make their own presentation using Haiku Deck on the SlideShare platform. A call to action is given to get started creating a Haiku Deck presentation.
The document summarizes information about Hurricane Sandy, including its formation, strengthening process, impacts, and the emergency response efforts. Specifically:
1) Hurricane Sandy strengthened into a powerful storm as it traveled over warm Atlantic waters, with winds exceeding 74 mph.
2) It caused widespread damage along the East Coast of the US in late October 2012, leaving over 100 people dead across several states.
3) Emergency responders from FEMA, the military, and other organizations coordinated relief efforts like distributing supplies and setting up medical facilities.
The document discusses important words of varying lengths, from one to ten letters. It notes that the most selfish one-letter word is "I", while the most satisfying two-letter word is "WE". It also identifies "EGO" as the most poisonous three-letter word, "LOVE" as the most used four-letter word, and advises keeping a "SMILE", the most pleasing five-letter word. It recommends ignoring "RUMOUR", the fastest spreading six-letter word, achieving "SUCCESS", the hardest working seven-letter word, and distancing yourself from "JEALOUSY", the most enviable eight-letter word. The most powerful nine-letter word is "
Este documento describe la cortesía en Alemania. Explica que los alemanes tienden a ser más directos, orientados al contenido y explícitos en su comunicación, en contraste con los estilos más indirectos e implícitos encontrados en inglés. También cubre los diferentes niveles de cortesía, características de la cortesía alemana como el uso de fases de cierre y apertura, y cómo los malentendidos pueden surgir cuando se interpreta la cortesía alemana a través de otras culturas lingüísticas.
La cortesía en Finlandia se caracteriza por la evasión y la indirecta. Los finlandeses tienden a evitar dirigirse directamente al interlocutor y en su lugar usan formas impersonales, frases genéricas y la "cuarta persona" del verbo. Los saludos comunes son "terve", "hei" o "moi" y las despedidas incluyen "näkemiin" y "kuulemiin". La sinceridad es valorada aunque se evitan los desacuerdos abiertos.
Este documento presenta una lista de muebles y accesorios para el hogar ofreciendo detalles como medidas, colores disponibles y precios. Se incluyen artículos para dormitorio, sala, cocina y otros ambientes con opciones que van desde sofás individuales y conjuntos de dormitorio hasta mesas, sillas, armarios y estanterías.
Materiales energías renovables en la informáticaOswaldo Vergés
El documento describe las principales fuentes de energía renovables, incluyendo la eólica, geotérmica, hidroeléctrica, mareomotriz y solar. Define cada una de estas energías renovables, explicando que la eólica se obtiene del viento, la geotérmica del calor interior de la Tierra, la hidroeléctrica de la energía cinética y potencial del agua, la mareomotriz de las mareas, y la solar de la radiación del Sol.
Chlorine dioxide was discovered in 1811 by Sir Humphrey Davy
No progressed as no means of compressing or controlling such a volatile and potentially explosive material.
Waste Water Treatment Process PresentationAshish Kakadia
Ozone is a powerful disinfectant that is more effective than chlorine and can be used for waste water treatment. It is generated on-site and is highly reactive, able to oxidize organic compounds and precipitate heavy metals. Ozone can be used to treat a variety of waste streams, including municipal, industrial, and mining waste water. It is effective at removing color, cyanide, pathogens, BOD, and emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals.
This document provides an overview of irrigation in endodontics. It discusses the properties of ideal irrigating solutions, the functions of irrigation, classifications of irrigants, and commonly used irrigating solutions such as sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and chlorhexidine. It also covers irrigation techniques, factors that influence irrigant activity, and the effects of irrigants on dentin composition, bonding to dentin, and penetration into dentinal tubules. Adverse effects of sodium hypochlorite are also summarized.
1. Over 1.6 billion people lack access to clean water, resulting in 30,000 dysentery deaths per week, mostly children. Chlorine dioxide is a safer alternative to chlorine for disinfection that does not form carcinogenic byproducts.
2. VERSANTM provides chlorine dioxide disinfection for small-scale water treatment without energy. Packets generate chlorine dioxide to treat various water volumes. It can be used in emergencies, remote areas, and developing communities for drinking water.
3. An action plan is needed to register VERSANTM with the EPA, manufacture it, and establish strategic alliances to market it for humanitarian uses through organizations focused on global health, aid
Greg Boyle Odorscience Denver water purificationOdor Science
1. Over 1.6 billion people lack access to clean water, resulting in 30,000 dysentery deaths per week, mostly children. Chlorine dioxide is a safer alternative to chlorine for disinfection that does not form carcinogenic byproducts.
2. VERSANTM provides chlorine dioxide disinfection for small-scale water treatment without energy. Packets generate chlorine dioxide to treat various water volumes. It can be used in emergencies, remote areas, and developing communities for drinking water.
3. An action plan is needed to register VERSANTM with the EPA, manufacture it, and establish strategic alliances to market it for humanitarian uses through organizations focused on global health, aid
Whole Foods Market is interested in replacing their current sanitation system, Sterilox, with a more sustainable option that matches their values. An ozonated water central system is presented as a superior solution that generates high-quality ozonated water through electrolysis rather than traditional methods, producing a minimum of 2 ppm of dissolved ozone needed for fast and effective disinfection. Ozonated water kills microbes faster than chlorine and leaves only oxygen, providing a natural sanitation process in line with Whole Foods' mission.
Chlorine acts as both a sanitizer and oxidizer in pools. Sanitation kills bacteria and microorganisms, while oxidation chemically breaks down and removes contaminants from the water. Oxidation, also called shocking, is needed routinely to reduce the contaminant load on the sanitizer and preserve water clarity. It breaks down remnants of dead bacteria, plant materials, bather-introduced oils and waste, and materials from rain or runoff. The oxidation-reduction process involves atoms gaining or losing electrons to reach their ideal oxidation state, allowing contaminants to be more easily removed. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measures this tendency on a scale of -2000mV to +2000mV, with values
Ozone is "active oxygen", nature's special element and a beautiful gift to mankind. Ozone is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen formed by recombination of oxygen atoms. It is a colourless gas with characteristic pungent odor and can easily be detected at low level of 0.05 ppm. It is a very strong oxidant and is over 3000 times more powerful disinfectant than chlorine. It disinfects, oxidizes, deodorizes and decolorizes.
application
swimming pool
watertreatment plant
ozone air purification
Ozone is an effective disinfectant and oxidant that can be used for waste water treatment. It is more germicidal than chlorine and removes bacteria and other contaminants. Ozone treatment can reduce BOD, remove heavy metals, color, and algae from water. It is used for secondary treatment of municipal waste water and oxidation of organic waste. Ozone leaves no residuals and breaks down to oxygen, making it advantageous over other chemicals. The document provides details on ozone concentrations and processes used for different waste water treatment applications.
The document discusses effluent treatment at a chemical plant. It introduces common impurities like COD, phenol content, and pH that are targeted for treatment. The treatment process involves separating effluent into sections for solids to settle before flowing to tanks for further processing to reduce impurities. Key recommendations include regularly sampling effluent to understand its composition, potentially reusing treated effluent on-site after establishing its safety, and exploring decomposition or combustion to remove phenol content. The goal of treatment is to lower impurity levels to meet regulatory discharge compliance standards.
Led a team of four in the recently concluded Northeast section of the Ohio Water Environment Association. In the slides, It describes the alternatives and recommended solution to treat wastewater that has pharmaceuticals contaminants in it. My team cane second place in a total of seven teams
This document reports on a trial of ozonation treatment for effluent from a Dipyridamole manufacturing process. Key findings:
1. Ozonation for 1 hour reduced COD by 91% and further treatment for 1.45 hours reduced COD by 98.6%, transforming dark effluent to crystal clear.
2. Other parameters like turbidity and TSS were reduced to almost zero after 1.45 hours of ozonation.
3. Ozonation is an effective treatment that significantly reduced contaminants in Dipy effluent and produced water that could be reused on-site.
The document discusses key terms and processes used in effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It defines terms like pH, BOD, COD, DO and explains their significance. It also summarizes different treatment stages in ETPs like preliminary treatment involving screening and grit removal, primary treatment using equalization, coagulation and flocculation, and biological treatment using activated sludge process. The document provides an overview of the various unit operations and treatment mechanisms involved in ETPs.
Omni Solutions provides water treatment systems that use advanced oxidation processes to purify water. Their CBW system uses counter flow mixing, an advanced oxidative gas generator, and UV irradiation lamps to reduce bacteria and other contaminants by 99.9% without chemicals. The system injects oxidative gas generated on-site and exposes the water to UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals that safely and effectively treat the water.
Crystal Clear dry cleaning uses 100% organic solvents that are safe, clean, and prevent water pollution. They have replaced harmful chemicals with environmentally friendly cleaning solvents. Customers can enjoy eco-friendly dry cleaning services that are beneficial for the environment.
Quick Reference Guide to Compendial Water Standards Jesse McLaughlin
What makes pharmaceutical water different? What are the major "contaminants" we are trying to remove? How do we do it? Aqua-Chem can help with the right solution to your Pharmaceutical compdendial water needs.
1. Extraction & Destruction ofExtraction & Destruction of
Organics in Wastewater byOrganics in Wastewater by
OzoneOzone--Loaded SolventLoaded Solvent
Dr David WardDr David Ward
University of Bradford, UKUniversity of Bradford, UK
2. OverviewOverview
General ConceptGeneral Concept
Selecting an Appropriate SolventSelecting an Appropriate Solvent
VolasilVolasilTMTM245 Characteristics245 Characteristics
Preliminary Tests: Organics in WaterPreliminary Tests: Organics in Water
ConclusionsConclusions
4. Water Treatment byWater Treatment by
Conventional LiquidConventional Liquid--Gas/OzoneGas/Ozone
Wastewater contacted with ozone gas.Wastewater contacted with ozone gas.
Ozone dissolved in directly into wastewater.Ozone dissolved in directly into wastewater.
However……However……
Ozone solubility in water poor (~0.2 mg/L per mg/L).Ozone solubility in water poor (~0.2 mg/L per mg/L).
Ozone generated at low gas concentration (<10%).Ozone generated at low gas concentration (<10%).
As a consequence…….As a consequence…….
Low aqueous ozone concentrations achieved.Low aqueous ozone concentrations achieved.
Reaction rates may be less than optimal.Reaction rates may be less than optimal.
5. Water Treatment byWater Treatment by
Proposed LiquidProposed Liquid--Liquid/OzoneLiquid/Ozone
OZONE DISSOLVED IN
SOLVENT
OZONEOZONE SOLVENTSOLVENT
POLLUTEDPOLLUTED
WATERWATER
SOLVENT / WATER
CONTACT
EXTRACTION & DESTRUCTION
SOLVENT / WATER
SEPARATION
TREATED WATERTREATED WATER
6. Previous InvestigationsPrevious Investigations
Stich & Bhattacharyya, 1987;Stich & Bhattacharyya, 1987;
Chang & Chen, 1994;Chang & Chen, 1994;
BhattacharyyaBhattacharyya et al., 1994;et al., 1994;
Guha et al., 1995;Guha et al., 1995;Guha et al., 1995;Guha et al., 1995;
Freshour et al., 1996Freshour et al., 1996..
Studied destruction of organics in waterStudied destruction of organics in water
using ozoneusing ozone--loadedloaded fluorocarbonfluorocarbon solvents.solvents.
But are more suitable solvents available?But are more suitable solvents available?
8. Required Solvent PropertiesRequired Solvent Properties
LiquidLiquid--Liquid system compatibleLiquid system compatible
Water ImmiscibleWater Immiscible ViscosityViscosity ≈≈ WaterWater
DensityDensity ≠≠ WaterWater Moderate interfacial tensionModerate interfacial tension
Ozone Solubility >> that in WaterOzone Solubility >> that in Water
Organics Solubility > that in WaterOrganics Solubility > that in Water
Environmentally BenignEnvironmentally Benign
Low CostLow Cost
Low Vapour PressureLow Vapour Pressure
Ozone ResistantOzone Resistant
16. VolasilVolasilTMTM245: Physical Properties245: Physical Properties
PropertyProperty ValueValue
DensityDensity 956 kg/m956 kg/m33
ViscosityViscosity 4 g/m s4 g/m sViscosityViscosity 4 g/m s4 g/m s
Molar MassMolar Mass 370 g/mol370 g/mol
Water SolubilityWater Solubility 1717 [[g/Lg/L
Flash PointFlash Point 7272ooCC
VWR International Product Data Sheet
17. VolasilVolasilTMTM245: Environment245: Environment
Low ToxicityLow Toxicity
(LD(LD5050 oral rats = 2 g/kg)oral rats = 2 g/kg)(LD(LD5050 oral rats = 2 g/kg)oral rats = 2 g/kg)
Degrades in environment to harmlessDegrades in environment to harmless
products.products.
(carbon dioxide, water and silicic acid)(carbon dioxide, water and silicic acid)
VWR International Product Data Sheet
18. VolasilVolasilTMTM245:245:
Resistance to Oxidation by OzoneResistance to Oxidation by Ozone
100 hour Exposure100 hour Exposure
•• 70 mg/L O70 mg/L O33 gas bubbled through 100 mL solvent at rate ofgas bubbled through 100 mL solvent at rate of
100 mL/min.100 mL/min.
Effects of ExposureEffects of ExposureEffects of ExposureEffects of Exposure
•• Ozone solubility unchanged.Ozone solubility unchanged.
•• Small amount solvent loss (3 % volume).Small amount solvent loss (3 % volume).
•• Small amount precipitate (< 10 mg/L or <0.001 % wt).Small amount precipitate (< 10 mg/L or <0.001 % wt).
Therefore, solvent considered sufficientlyTherefore, solvent considered sufficiently
resistant to ozone attack to merit further study.resistant to ozone attack to merit further study.
19. VolasilVolasilTMTM245: Henry’s Law245: Henry’s Law
Dissolved ODissolved O33 found to obey Henry’s Lawfound to obey Henry’s Law
(10(10 –– 90 mg/L gas phase).90 mg/L gas phase).(10(10 –– 90 mg/L gas phase).90 mg/L gas phase).
[O[O33 in Solvent]in Solvent] ∝∝ [O[O33 in Gas]in Gas]
H =H = 34 bar/mole34 bar/mole--fractionfraction @ 298 K@ 298 K
20. VolasilVolasilTMTM245: Ozone Stability245: Ozone Stability
Ozone decay monitored by examining declineOzone decay monitored by examining decline
in UV absorption at 254 nm.in UV absorption at 254 nm.
Concentration declines exponentially.Concentration declines exponentially.
TT½½ ≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ 25 minutes25 minutes
Similar to that experienced in water.Similar to that experienced in water.
21. VolasilVolasilTMTM245: Interfacial Tension245: Interfacial Tension
Water/VolasilWater/VolasilTMTM245 interfacial tension245 interfacial tension
determined asdetermined as 24 mN/m24 mN/m at 25at 25ooC.C.
MidMid--range (similar to that of toluene).range (similar to that of toluene).
Therefore, solvent deemed potentially suitableTherefore, solvent deemed potentially suitable
for application in a waterfor application in a water--solvent system.solvent system.
23. Aims of Preliminary TestsAims of Preliminary Tests
Determine effectiveness ofDetermine effectiveness of VolasilVolasilTMTM245245
LL--L/OL/O33 contactcontact with respect to elimination ofwith respect to elimination of
organics from aqueous solution.organics from aqueous solution.organics from aqueous solution.organics from aqueous solution.
Compare effectiveness of VolasilCompare effectiveness of VolasilTMTM245245 LL--L/OL/O33
contactcontact with that of conventional Lwith that of conventional L--G/OG/O33
contact.contact.
26. VolasilVolasilTMTM245245 LL--L/OL/O33 Contact TestsContact Tests
Aqueous OrganicAqueous Organic
SolutionSolution
(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)
OzoneOzone--LoadedLoaded
VolasilVolasilTMTM245245
(100 mL)
ShakenShaken
VesselVessel
(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)(100 mL @ 100 mg/L) (100 mL)
SamplesSamples
(10 mL taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 minutes)(10 mL taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 minutes)
1:4 molar ratio1:4 molar ratio
(organic:ozone)(organic:ozone)
(Vessel sealed)(Vessel sealed)
27. VolasilVolasilTMTM245245 LL--G/OG/O33 Contact TestsContact Tests
Aqueous OrganicAqueous Organic
SolutionSolution
(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)
Ozone in OxygenOzone in Oxygen
(300 mL @ 1.2 bar and 25(300 mL @ 1.2 bar and 25ooC)C)
ShakenShaken
VesselVessel
(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)(100 mL @ 100 mg/L)
SamplesSamples
(5 mL taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 minutes)(5 mL taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 minutes)
1:4 molar ratio1:4 molar ratio
(organic:ozone)(organic:ozone)
(Vessel sealed)(Vessel sealed)
28. Ozone ConcentrationsOzone Concentrations
used in each Testused in each Test
Ozone Concentration (mg/L)Ozone Concentration (mg/L)
ContaminantContaminant In 100 mL VolasilIn 100 mL VolasilTMTM245245
(L(L--L/O3 Tests)L/O3 Tests)
In 300 mL Oxygen (LIn 300 mL Oxygen (L--
G/O3 Tests)G/O3 Tests)
PhenolPhenol 201201 6767PhenolPhenol 201201 6767
22--ChlorophenolChlorophenol 147147 4949
2,32,3--DichlorophenolDichlorophenol 116116 3838
1,31,3--DichlorobenzeneDichlorobenzene 128128 4242
oo--NitrotolueneNitrotoluene 140140 4646
NitrobenzeneNitrobenzene 156156 5252
29. Aqueous Phase Organic AnalysisAqueous Phase Organic Analysis
1.1. Aqueous organic extracted to toluene.Aqueous organic extracted to toluene.
Extract spiked with phenol internalExtract spiked with phenol internal2.2. Extract spiked with phenol internalExtract spiked with phenol internal
standardstandard (2(2--CP in case of phenol analysis)CP in case of phenol analysis)..
3.3. Prepared sample analysed using GCPrepared sample analysed using GC--MS.MS.
35. DiscussionDiscussion
Phenol and chlorinated organicsPhenol and chlorinated organics
Aqueous decontamination by LAqueous decontamination by L--L/OL/O33 is faster.is faster.
However, LHowever, L--G/OG/O33 contact already rapid (~2 minutes).contact already rapid (~2 minutes).However, LHowever, L--G/OG/O33 contact already rapid (~2 minutes).contact already rapid (~2 minutes).
Extent of decontamination can be limited by interfacial massExtent of decontamination can be limited by interfacial mass
transfer resistance.transfer resistance.
Destruction and/or Extraction?Destruction and/or Extraction?
Fall in pH suggests the occurrence of destruction.Fall in pH suggests the occurrence of destruction.
38. DiscussionDiscussion
NitroaromaticsNitroaromatics
LL--L/OL/O33 contact shown to yield faster and morecontact shown to yield faster and more
extensive aqueous decontamination.extensive aqueous decontamination.
Destruction and/or Extraction?Destruction and/or Extraction?Destruction and/or Extraction?Destruction and/or Extraction?
pH behaviour suggests LpH behaviour suggests L--L/OL/O33 contact to yield less rapid andcontact to yield less rapid and
less extensive destruction.less extensive destruction.
Are reaction pathways altered?Are reaction pathways altered?
Role ofRole of ••OH radical (OH radical (Bin et al., 2001)Bin et al., 2001)??
40. ConclusionsConclusions
VolasilVolasilTMTM245245 so far proved an appropriateso far proved an appropriate
solvent for use in proposed process.solvent for use in proposed process.
Advantages ofAdvantages of VolasilVolasilTMTM245245 are:are:
ability to dissolveability to dissolve ten timesten times more ozone than does water,more ozone than does water,
ability to dissolve wide variety of organics,ability to dissolve wide variety of organics,
resistance to ozone attack,resistance to ozone attack,
low water solubility (17low water solubility (17 µµg/Lg/L),),
low vapour pressure (<5.3 mm Hg), andlow vapour pressure (<5.3 mm Hg), and
low toxicitylow toxicity
41. ConclusionsConclusions
Aqueous decontamination by LAqueous decontamination by L--L/OL/O33 shown to be moreshown to be more
rapid than Lrapid than L--G/OG/O33..
Decline in pH suggests destruction as well asDecline in pH suggests destruction as well as
extraction.extraction.extraction.extraction.
However…….However…….
Increased aqueous decontamination rate may notIncreased aqueous decontamination rate may not
justify process where Ljustify process where L--G/OG/O33 contact already fast.contact already fast.
Interfacial resistances may result in less extensiveInterfacial resistances may result in less extensive
aqueous decontamination.aqueous decontamination.
45. LL--L/OL/O33 Pilot Rig SchematicPilot Rig Schematic
Ozone in
Oxygen Wastewater
KI
Solution
Vent to
Extraction
System
Solvent
Treated
Water to
Drain
Vent
Gas/Liquid
Separation
Cyclone
Demister 1
Demister 2
Liquid-Liquid Separator