This document outlines the content of a Linux system and network administration course taught over 15 lectures and labs. The course covers topics such as Linux installation, desktop environments, file systems, user administration, networking configuration including DHCP, NIS, NFS, DNS, mail servers and firewalls. It also covers troubleshooting, system monitoring and installing additional software packages. The course is graded based on two exams and a lab component, and requires a minimum of 80% attendance and 60% marks to pass.
Here are the steps to complete the assignment:
1. Logged in as guest user
2. Present working directory is /home/guest
3. Wrote the structure of root directory /
4. A few commands in /bin are ls, cp, mv. A few in /sbin are ifconfig, route
5. Guest directory is /home/guest
6. Permissions of /home/guest are drwxr-xr-x
7. Created directory test in /home/guest
8. Copied /etc/resolv.conf to /home/guest/test
9. Renamed /home/guest/test to /home/guest/testing
10. Deleted
Here are the steps to complete the assignment:
1. Login as guest user (password is guest)
2. To find the present working directory: pwd
3. The root directory structure includes: /bin, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /root, /sbin, /tmp, /usr etc.
4. A few commands in /bin are: ls, cp, mv, rm, chmod. Commands in /sbin are: ifconfig, route, iptables etc.
5. The guest home directory is /home/guest
6. The permissions of the guest home directory are: drwxr-xr-x
7. To create a new
This document discusses user administration concepts and mechanisms in UNIX/Linux operating systems. It covers topics like users, groups, permissions, and how to manage users and groups. Specific commands to manage files, directories and permissions are also described, such as chown, chgrp, and chmod. The structure of standard UNIX/Linux directories like /bin, /dev, /etc, and others are outlined as well.
In February, 2016 I had the privilege of working with employees of STARR Computers on a course to orient them to Linux. The course was delivered over a series of 90-120 minute sessions. It was designed so that
This is a compilation of the slides which were used. There were some other resources which were shared. There were practice exercises which were designed to reinforce some concepts.
Check http://churchroadman.blogspot.com/2016/04/basic-orientation-to-linux-course.html for some other details.
The document provides information about Linux OS and shell programming. It discusses the history and evolution of Linux from being a student project to a robust OS. Key people involved in its development like Richard Stallman, Linus Torvalds, and Andy Tanenbaum are mentioned. The architecture of Linux including kernel, system libraries, system utilities etc. is explained. Important commands, file system structure, file permissions and text editors in Linux are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system, including:
- A brief history of Unix from its creation in 1969 to the development of Linux in 1991.
- An overview of what Linux is and some popular Linux distributions.
- A description of the Unix/Linux file system structure and standard directory layout.
- An explanation of users, groups, and permissions and how the operating system manages access to files and programs.
- Examples of common Linux commands for navigating directories, manipulating files, and changing permissions.
The document outlines the key steps in the Linux boot process:
1. When the computer is powered on, the BIOS initializes hardware and runs diagnostics.
2. The boot loader, either stored in the MBR or EFI partition, takes over and loads the Linux kernel into memory.
3. The kernel initializes drivers, mounts filesystems, and launches init which starts essential system processes and the login prompt.
Unix was created in 1969 by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs to allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously. It features a multi-user design, hierarchical file system, and shell interface. The kernel handles memory management, process scheduling, and device interactions to enable these features. Common Unix commands like cat, ls, cp and rm allow users to work with files and directories from the shell. File permissions and ownership are managed through inodes to control access across users.
Here are the steps to complete the assignment:
1. Logged in as guest user
2. Present working directory is /home/guest
3. Wrote the structure of root directory /
4. A few commands in /bin are ls, cp, mv. A few in /sbin are ifconfig, route
5. Guest directory is /home/guest
6. Permissions of /home/guest are drwxr-xr-x
7. Created directory test in /home/guest
8. Copied /etc/resolv.conf to /home/guest/test
9. Renamed /home/guest/test to /home/guest/testing
10. Deleted
Here are the steps to complete the assignment:
1. Login as guest user (password is guest)
2. To find the present working directory: pwd
3. The root directory structure includes: /bin, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /root, /sbin, /tmp, /usr etc.
4. A few commands in /bin are: ls, cp, mv, rm, chmod. Commands in /sbin are: ifconfig, route, iptables etc.
5. The guest home directory is /home/guest
6. The permissions of the guest home directory are: drwxr-xr-x
7. To create a new
This document discusses user administration concepts and mechanisms in UNIX/Linux operating systems. It covers topics like users, groups, permissions, and how to manage users and groups. Specific commands to manage files, directories and permissions are also described, such as chown, chgrp, and chmod. The structure of standard UNIX/Linux directories like /bin, /dev, /etc, and others are outlined as well.
In February, 2016 I had the privilege of working with employees of STARR Computers on a course to orient them to Linux. The course was delivered over a series of 90-120 minute sessions. It was designed so that
This is a compilation of the slides which were used. There were some other resources which were shared. There were practice exercises which were designed to reinforce some concepts.
Check http://churchroadman.blogspot.com/2016/04/basic-orientation-to-linux-course.html for some other details.
The document provides information about Linux OS and shell programming. It discusses the history and evolution of Linux from being a student project to a robust OS. Key people involved in its development like Richard Stallman, Linus Torvalds, and Andy Tanenbaum are mentioned. The architecture of Linux including kernel, system libraries, system utilities etc. is explained. Important commands, file system structure, file permissions and text editors in Linux are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system, including:
- A brief history of Unix from its creation in 1969 to the development of Linux in 1991.
- An overview of what Linux is and some popular Linux distributions.
- A description of the Unix/Linux file system structure and standard directory layout.
- An explanation of users, groups, and permissions and how the operating system manages access to files and programs.
- Examples of common Linux commands for navigating directories, manipulating files, and changing permissions.
The document outlines the key steps in the Linux boot process:
1. When the computer is powered on, the BIOS initializes hardware and runs diagnostics.
2. The boot loader, either stored in the MBR or EFI partition, takes over and loads the Linux kernel into memory.
3. The kernel initializes drivers, mounts filesystems, and launches init which starts essential system processes and the login prompt.
Unix was created in 1969 by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs to allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously. It features a multi-user design, hierarchical file system, and shell interface. The kernel handles memory management, process scheduling, and device interactions to enable these features. Common Unix commands like cat, ls, cp and rm allow users to work with files and directories from the shell. File permissions and ownership are managed through inodes to control access across users.
- Linux originated as a clone of the UNIX operating system. Key developers included Linus Torvalds and developers from the GNU project.
- Linux is open source, multi-user, and can run on a variety of hardware. It includes components like the Linux kernel, shell, terminal emulator, and desktop environments.
- The document provides information on common Linux commands, files, users/groups, permissions, and startup scripts. It describes the Linux file system and compression/archiving utilities.
How to Audit Linux - Gene Kartavtsev, ISACA MNGene Kartavtsev
The presentation focuses on main differences between Linux and Windows Operation Systems. It explains basic system architecture, introduces the most important commands
for IT audit and gives overall prospective of Linux systems audit. It is also an opportunity to interact with an auditor, who has a real-world experience as systems engineer and has a
prospective of an audit process from both sides.
Speakers: Gene Kartavtsev, CISA, PCIP, ISA
NanoCdac Providing linux administration training in Hyderabad. Training includes Linux Internals and Device Drivers,Real -Time Operating System (RTLinux) Programming,Linux System programming,Linux Device Drivers Programming.Our aim is to quality training to the students and professionals Call Us-040 -23754144,+91- 9640648777
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
The document provides an overview of the UNIX operating system through a seminar presentation. It discusses the history of UNIX from the 1970s to the 2000s, defines what UNIX is, describes common UNIX commands and the file system structure, and covers topics like memory management, interrupts, reasons for using UNIX, and some applications of UNIX like storage consulting and middleware/database administration. The presentation is intended to educate about the key aspects and functionality of the UNIX operating system.
This document provides an overview of Linux and its filesystem hierarchy. It discusses how Linux originated from Linus Torvalds' interest in the Minix operating system. It describes the initial 1991 release of Linux and how it has grown with contributions from thousands of programmers worldwide. It also explains the relationship between the Linux kernel and the GNU operating system. The document outlines the main components of Linux, including the kernel, libraries, utilities, and user interfaces. It provides details on the Linux filesystem hierarchy and describes the purpose and common contents of the main directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /opt, /proc, /root, /srv, /sys, /tmp, /
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
The document provides an overview of the Unix operating system and its components. It discusses:
- Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system made up of a kernel, shell, and programs. The kernel manages hardware access and allocation of resources while the shell acts as an interface between the user and kernel.
- The history of Unix, which was first created in 1969 at Bell Labs. Key developments included it being rewritten in C in 1973 and the origins of Linux in 1991.
- The core components of Unix - the kernel, shell, utilities, and applications. The kernel handles processes and resources while the shell interprets commands. There are standard utilities and custom applications.
Network and System Administration Power Pointkemal678348
System and network administration involves managing systems, hardware, software, user accounts, security, and more. The key tasks of a system administrator include user management, hardware/software management, monitoring systems, backups, troubleshooting, and ensuring smooth operations. They must also address security through practices like access controls, authentication, and maintaining privacy and integrity. Managing these complex systems requires skills in areas like networking, operating systems, scripting, and problem-solving.
Introduction to linux at Introductory Bioinformatics WorkshopSetor Amuzu
This is a brief introduction to Linux, with emphasis on command-line interface. This presentation was made to participants of the H3ABioNet Introductory Bioinformatics workshop held in Accra, Ghana on 26 March, 2014.
This document provides information about a course on Shell Programming and Scripting Languages. It discusses:
- The course objectives which are to explain UNIX commands, implement shell scripts using Bash, and learn Python scripting.
- The course outcomes which are to understand UNIX commands and utilities, write and execute shell scripts, handle files and processes, and learn Python programming and web application design.
- Prerequisites of DOS commands and C programming.
- An overview of UNIX including the file system, vi editor, and security permissions.
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.
in this presentation, we will show you a short description of the Linux/Unix.
I hope you guys enjoy it.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Who Saurabh Upadhyay?
Experienced Technical Support Engineer with a demonstrated history of 2 years working in the Technical field.
Have hands-on experience in System Support, Remote Support, Network Support. Strong engineering professional with a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) majoring in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University.
Linux celebrated its 25th birthday on August 25, 2015. The document discusses the history and basics of Linux, including:
- Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as an open-source kernel based on UNIX.
- It discusses Linux security models and permissions. Files have owners, groups, and permissions to control access.
- It provides an overview of basic Linux commands for starting the X server, changing passwords, editing text files, running commands and getting help.
This document discusses the Linux file system structure. It begins with the root directory designated by a forward slash. Under the root are key directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /mnt, /media, /opt, /proc, /root, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, and /var that store important system files, configuration files, user files, libraries, and more. The document explains the purpose and contents of each directory to illustrate how the overall file system structure supports the functioning of the operating system.
This document provides an overview of Linux system fundamentals including how to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine, basic commands like ls, cat, and sudo, understanding users, home directories and man pages. It explains key Linux concepts such as the kernel, command line interface, and root user and how to switch directories, view files and get help using man pages.
Get Started with Linux Management Command line Basic KnowledgeDavid Clark
This document provides an introduction to Linux and outlines an agenda for getting started. It covers topics such as the Linux environment, file system operations and structure, utilities, permissions, processes, basic administration, and shortcuts. The document also lists common Linux distributions and gives overviews of what Linux is and its kernel development history.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system, including its structure, components, history, and features. It discusses the kernel as the core component that manages devices, memory, processes, and system calls. It also describes system libraries, tools, and end user tools. The document outlines the history of Linux from its creation in 1991 to recent developments. It explains the architecture including the kernel, system libraries, hardware layer, and shells. Finally, it lists some key Linux commands like sudo, man, echo, and passwd.
The document discusses the UNIX operating system. It describes UNIX as a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system used for servers, desktops and laptops. It also discusses the different components that make up the UNIX system, including the kernel, shell, and programs. It explains the directory structure and file hierarchy with the root directory at the top. It provides examples of different types of files and concludes by describing some basic date and time commands in UNIX.
- The document provides an introduction and overview of the history and structure of the Unix operating system
- It describes how Unix was developed in the 1960s and 1970s at Bell Labs and others and became widely adopted, especially in academia
- The key aspects of Unix covered include its layered design, file system structure, use of directories, files and inodes to organize data, and how programs interface with the kernel through system calls
This document discusses the physical layer of computer networks. It covers topics such as:
1. How information can be transmitted by varying physical properties like current or frequency.
2. Fourier analysis and how any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of sinusoids.
3. How non-periodic signals like bit patterns can be handled by repeating them endlessly.
4. The various transmission media used at the physical layer like twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wireless transmission and communication satellites.
Android – Open source mobile OS developed ny the Open Handset Alliance led by...jeronimored
This document provides an overview of mobile operating systems Android and iOS. It discusses the main players in the mobile space, including Android developed by Google, iOS developed by Apple, Symbian, Windows Phone 7 and Blackberry OS. It then describes key components of the smartphone platform like connectivity options. The document delves into more details about what Android and iOS are, their programming languages and SDKs. It also covers common wireless technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G networks used in mobile devices.
- Linux originated as a clone of the UNIX operating system. Key developers included Linus Torvalds and developers from the GNU project.
- Linux is open source, multi-user, and can run on a variety of hardware. It includes components like the Linux kernel, shell, terminal emulator, and desktop environments.
- The document provides information on common Linux commands, files, users/groups, permissions, and startup scripts. It describes the Linux file system and compression/archiving utilities.
How to Audit Linux - Gene Kartavtsev, ISACA MNGene Kartavtsev
The presentation focuses on main differences between Linux and Windows Operation Systems. It explains basic system architecture, introduces the most important commands
for IT audit and gives overall prospective of Linux systems audit. It is also an opportunity to interact with an auditor, who has a real-world experience as systems engineer and has a
prospective of an audit process from both sides.
Speakers: Gene Kartavtsev, CISA, PCIP, ISA
NanoCdac Providing linux administration training in Hyderabad. Training includes Linux Internals and Device Drivers,Real -Time Operating System (RTLinux) Programming,Linux System programming,Linux Device Drivers Programming.Our aim is to quality training to the students and professionals Call Us-040 -23754144,+91- 9640648777
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
The document provides an overview of the UNIX operating system through a seminar presentation. It discusses the history of UNIX from the 1970s to the 2000s, defines what UNIX is, describes common UNIX commands and the file system structure, and covers topics like memory management, interrupts, reasons for using UNIX, and some applications of UNIX like storage consulting and middleware/database administration. The presentation is intended to educate about the key aspects and functionality of the UNIX operating system.
This document provides an overview of Linux and its filesystem hierarchy. It discusses how Linux originated from Linus Torvalds' interest in the Minix operating system. It describes the initial 1991 release of Linux and how it has grown with contributions from thousands of programmers worldwide. It also explains the relationship between the Linux kernel and the GNU operating system. The document outlines the main components of Linux, including the kernel, libraries, utilities, and user interfaces. It provides details on the Linux filesystem hierarchy and describes the purpose and common contents of the main directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /opt, /proc, /root, /srv, /sys, /tmp, /
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
The document provides an overview of the Unix operating system and its components. It discusses:
- Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system made up of a kernel, shell, and programs. The kernel manages hardware access and allocation of resources while the shell acts as an interface between the user and kernel.
- The history of Unix, which was first created in 1969 at Bell Labs. Key developments included it being rewritten in C in 1973 and the origins of Linux in 1991.
- The core components of Unix - the kernel, shell, utilities, and applications. The kernel handles processes and resources while the shell interprets commands. There are standard utilities and custom applications.
Network and System Administration Power Pointkemal678348
System and network administration involves managing systems, hardware, software, user accounts, security, and more. The key tasks of a system administrator include user management, hardware/software management, monitoring systems, backups, troubleshooting, and ensuring smooth operations. They must also address security through practices like access controls, authentication, and maintaining privacy and integrity. Managing these complex systems requires skills in areas like networking, operating systems, scripting, and problem-solving.
Introduction to linux at Introductory Bioinformatics WorkshopSetor Amuzu
This is a brief introduction to Linux, with emphasis on command-line interface. This presentation was made to participants of the H3ABioNet Introductory Bioinformatics workshop held in Accra, Ghana on 26 March, 2014.
This document provides information about a course on Shell Programming and Scripting Languages. It discusses:
- The course objectives which are to explain UNIX commands, implement shell scripts using Bash, and learn Python scripting.
- The course outcomes which are to understand UNIX commands and utilities, write and execute shell scripts, handle files and processes, and learn Python programming and web application design.
- Prerequisites of DOS commands and C programming.
- An overview of UNIX including the file system, vi editor, and security permissions.
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.
in this presentation, we will show you a short description of the Linux/Unix.
I hope you guys enjoy it.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Who Saurabh Upadhyay?
Experienced Technical Support Engineer with a demonstrated history of 2 years working in the Technical field.
Have hands-on experience in System Support, Remote Support, Network Support. Strong engineering professional with a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) majoring in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University.
Linux celebrated its 25th birthday on August 25, 2015. The document discusses the history and basics of Linux, including:
- Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as an open-source kernel based on UNIX.
- It discusses Linux security models and permissions. Files have owners, groups, and permissions to control access.
- It provides an overview of basic Linux commands for starting the X server, changing passwords, editing text files, running commands and getting help.
This document discusses the Linux file system structure. It begins with the root directory designated by a forward slash. Under the root are key directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /mnt, /media, /opt, /proc, /root, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, and /var that store important system files, configuration files, user files, libraries, and more. The document explains the purpose and contents of each directory to illustrate how the overall file system structure supports the functioning of the operating system.
This document provides an overview of Linux system fundamentals including how to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine, basic commands like ls, cat, and sudo, understanding users, home directories and man pages. It explains key Linux concepts such as the kernel, command line interface, and root user and how to switch directories, view files and get help using man pages.
Get Started with Linux Management Command line Basic KnowledgeDavid Clark
This document provides an introduction to Linux and outlines an agenda for getting started. It covers topics such as the Linux environment, file system operations and structure, utilities, permissions, processes, basic administration, and shortcuts. The document also lists common Linux distributions and gives overviews of what Linux is and its kernel development history.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system, including its structure, components, history, and features. It discusses the kernel as the core component that manages devices, memory, processes, and system calls. It also describes system libraries, tools, and end user tools. The document outlines the history of Linux from its creation in 1991 to recent developments. It explains the architecture including the kernel, system libraries, hardware layer, and shells. Finally, it lists some key Linux commands like sudo, man, echo, and passwd.
The document discusses the UNIX operating system. It describes UNIX as a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system used for servers, desktops and laptops. It also discusses the different components that make up the UNIX system, including the kernel, shell, and programs. It explains the directory structure and file hierarchy with the root directory at the top. It provides examples of different types of files and concludes by describing some basic date and time commands in UNIX.
- The document provides an introduction and overview of the history and structure of the Unix operating system
- It describes how Unix was developed in the 1960s and 1970s at Bell Labs and others and became widely adopted, especially in academia
- The key aspects of Unix covered include its layered design, file system structure, use of directories, files and inodes to organize data, and how programs interface with the kernel through system calls
This document discusses the physical layer of computer networks. It covers topics such as:
1. How information can be transmitted by varying physical properties like current or frequency.
2. Fourier analysis and how any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of sinusoids.
3. How non-periodic signals like bit patterns can be handled by repeating them endlessly.
4. The various transmission media used at the physical layer like twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wireless transmission and communication satellites.
Android – Open source mobile OS developed ny the Open Handset Alliance led by...jeronimored
This document provides an overview of mobile operating systems Android and iOS. It discusses the main players in the mobile space, including Android developed by Google, iOS developed by Apple, Symbian, Windows Phone 7 and Blackberry OS. It then describes key components of the smartphone platform like connectivity options. The document delves into more details about what Android and iOS are, their programming languages and SDKs. It also covers common wireless technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G networks used in mobile devices.
Intel microprocessor history lec12_x86arch.pptjeronimored
The document summarizes the history and architecture of Intel x86 processors. It discusses early Intel processors like the 8080, 8086, and 8088. It then covers protected mode, addressing modes, registers, and memory management techniques like segmentation, paging, and virtual memory used in later Intel processors. The architecture started as 16-bit and later transitioned to 32-bit with additions like multi-level paging to support virtual memory in operating systems like Windows and Linux.
Intro Ch 01BA business alliance consisting of 47 companies to develop open st...jeronimored
This document discusses the four main parts of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It defines each part and provides examples. Hardware includes mechanical and electrical parts like processors, memory, storage, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems, applications, and utilities that tell the hardware what to do. Data are pieces of information stored and processed by the computer. Users are people who operate the computer and provide instructions on what tasks to complete. The document also describes the basic information processing cycle and types of essential computer hardware and software components.
preKnowledge-InternetNetworking Android's mobile operating system is based on...jeronimored
This document provides an overview of the objectives and topics to be covered in the CIS 3360: Security in Computing course. The objectives include obtaining basic knowledge of computer networking, the Internet, network protocols like TCP/IP, and assigned reading materials. The lecture materials will cover topics like a brief history of the Internet, components and applications of the Internet, the hierarchical structure of networks, protocols like TCP and IP, and addressing processes using ports and IP addresses.
TelecommunicationsThe Internet Basic Telecom Modeljeronimored
Telecommunications and the Internet rely on various transmission channels to transmit digital signals between computers and networks. Common channels include twisted pair wiring, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave transmission, and wireless technologies. These channels can transmit data at speeds ranging from 56 kbps for older modems up to several gigabits per second for newer fiber optic networks. The Internet itself is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses standardized communication protocols like TCP/IP to link billions of devices worldwide.
Functional Areas of Network Management Configuration Managementjeronimored
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a standardized protocol for remotely managing and monitoring network devices and their functions. It involves SNMP managers that send requests to collect data from SNMP agents running on managed nodes. The three main parts of SNMP are the Structure of Management Information (SMI), Management Information Base (MIB), and SNMP protocol. The protocol defines basic operations like get, getnext, set, and trap.
Coding, Information Theory (and Advanced Modulationjeronimored
This lesson discusses computer maintenance. It identifies maintenance issues like cable management. It describes maintaining hardware such as cleaning keyboards and printers. It discusses upgrading hardware components such as memory and replacing mice. It covers preventive maintenance including disk defragmentation and emptying temporary files. Specialized maintenance like replacing power supplies requires professional help.
The document describes the architecture and operation of microprocessors. It discusses how a microprocessor uses three separate busses - the address bus, data bus, and control bus - to perform read and write operations on memory and I/O devices. It explains that the address bus is used to specify memory or I/O locations, while the data bus is used to transfer data that is 8 bits wide. The control bus consists of individual control signal lines rather than a dedicated bus. Memory is organized into registers that are accessed using address decoding and enabled using read and write control signals.
A microprocessor is the main component of a microcomputer system and is also ...jeronimored
The document describes the curriculum for a course on microprocessors and their applications. It contains 5 modules: 1) Introduction, 2) 8085 pins, 3) 8085 architecture and programming, 4) interfacing techniques, and 5) other 8-bit microprocessors. Module 1 introduces basic microcomputer concepts like CPU, memory, I/O, hardware, and software. Module 2 describes the various pin categories and functions of the 8085 microprocessor. Module 3 discusses the 8085 architecture including registers, ALU, programming, and instruction set. Module 4 covers interfacing memories and I/O devices to the 8085. Module 5 provides an introduction to other 8-bit microprocessors like the Z80 and MC6800
Erroneous co-routines can block system Formal interfaces slow down systemjeronimored
The Linux system initializes with Uboot loading the kernel, which then initializes and calls init. Init runs startup scripts like run_flphone.sh, which launches the X Windows server and window manager.
The system structure has a microkernel that manages interprocess communication and memory, along with autonomous processes for filesystems, networking, device drivers, and more. Above the kernel runs the windowing system, compilers, shells, and utilities.
Key system directories include /bin, /sbin, and /lib for essential binaries and libraries, /usr/bin and /usr/sbin for non-essential binaries, /etc for configuration files, and /home for user directories. Processes transition between new, ready,
Welcome to Introduction to Algorithms, Spring 2004jeronimored
This document summarizes an introduction to algorithms lecture. It introduces concepts like asymptotic analysis, worst case running times, and examples of sorting algorithms like insertion sort and merge sort. Insertion sort runs in O(n^2) time in the worst case, while merge sort runs faster in O(nlogn) time due to dividing the problem into smaller subproblems and merging sorted lists. The document provides pseudocode and examples of how these algorithms work at a high level.
Resource Management in (Embedded) Real-Time Systemsjeronimored
Rate monotonic analysis provides techniques for analyzing real-time systems with periodic tasks. It focuses on ensuring tasks meet deadlines through priority-based scheduling, where the highest priority is given to the task with the shortest period. The utilization bound test determines if a set of periodic tasks will always meet deadlines based on the total utilization being below a limit that depends on the number of tasks.
Management Tools Desirable features Management Architectures Simple Network ...jeronimored
This document discusses network management and provides information on several related topics. It begins with desirable features for management tools and different management architectures. It then discusses the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and how it facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. It provides details on SNMP components like the network management station, network management system, agents, and management information base. It also explains how SNMP works using get and set requests. The document also covers network management standards like SNMP, OSI model, TMN, IEEE standards, and web-based management. It provides information on hardware and software tools for network management as well as the Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) protocol.
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linux-lecture1.ppt
1. LINUX SYSTEM AND
NETWORK ADMINISTRATION
Navpreet Singh
Computer Centre
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur INDIA
2. Module I
Course Content
Lecture/Lab 1
– Introduction to UNIX
- UNIX Operating System Architecture
– Linux Operating System
– Users, Groups and Permissions
- Examining Permissions
Lecture/Lab 2
– Linux Installation
– Hard Disk Partition Details
– Linux File System
- ext2 / ext3
– Dual Boot Installation
Lecture/Lab 3
– Desktop Familiarization
- Text and GUI Mode
- Virtual Terminals
- GNOME and KDE Desktop
3. Module I
Course Content
Lecture/Lab 4 & 5
– UNIX Shell
– UNIX Commands
– Shell Commands
- File System Management
- File Management and Viewing
- Help, Job and Process Management
- Network Management
- System Management
- User Management
- Printing and Programming
- Document Preparation
- Miscellaneous
Lecture/Lab 6
– System Initialization and Services
- Boot Sequence, Runlevels & Daemon Processes
– User Administration
- User Creation/ Suspension & Deletion
- Group Administration
4. Module I
Course Content
Lecture/Lab 7
– Network Configuration
- Configuration Utilities
- Multiple NICs
– Task Schedulers
- cron daemons
– Disk quota management
– Backup and Restore
Lecture/Lab 8
– Adding and Removing Software Packages
• RPM Package Management
– Setting Printer
– System Monitoring
- File System Analysis
- System Log Files & Analysis
– System Troubleshooting
- Filesystem Corruption and Recovery
- Things to check: The X Window System
- Service, Networking & Booting
- The Rescue Environment
- Recovery Runlevels, Boot Floppies
5. Module II
Course Content
Lecture/Lab 9
– DHCP
- Server setup
- Client setup
– NIS
- NIS Server setup
- NIS Clinet setup
Lecture/Lab 10
– NFS
- NFS Serever & Client configuration
- autofs implementation
– Samba Server
- File & Print Service
Lecture/Lab 11
– Basic Concept of DNS
- Implementation of BIND
- forward & reverse lookup
- DNS Directives
6. Module II
Course Content
• Lecture/Lab 12
– Apache Web Server
- Basic Configuration
- Name based Virtual Hosting
- Restriction through htaccess
• Lecture/Lab 13
– Sendmail - Mail Server
- Configuring mail service
- SMTP Server
• POP3 / IMAP Server
• Lecture/Lab 14
– Proxy Server - Squid
- ACL for restricting access
• Lecture/Lab 15
– Linux System as a Router
- Setup and configuration
- Static Routing
– SELinux Configuration
– Firewall Using IPTables
- Filter and NAT rules
7. Course Schedule
Schedule
The complete course, including Lectures and Labs,
will be covered in 60 Hours.
The total duration of the course will be 3.5 - 4
months.
Lectures : Every Tuesday, 6:30 – 8:30 P.M
Labs : Thursday or Friday or Monday
(One batch per day), 6:30 – 8:30 P.M
9. References
Course References
Online on the Web
The Linux Documentation Project (LDP),
http://www.tldp.org/
Mirror: http://www.iitk.ac.in/LDP
Red Hat Linux, O'Reilly
The course slides swill be available at
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~navi/sidbilinuxcourse
10. UNIX/LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Introduction to Linux
Introduction to Unix
History of UNIX
What is LINUX
LINUX Distributions
Unix OS Structure
Unix File System
Unix Directories, Files and Inodes
Users, Groups and Permissions
11. UNIX
Introduction to Linux
Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating
system.
You can have many users logged into a system
simultaneously, each running many programs.
It's the kernel's job to keep each process and user
separate and to regulate access to system
hardware, including cpu, memory, disk and other
I/O devices.
12. History of UNIX
Introduction to Linux
First Version was created in Bell Labs in 1969.
Some of the Bell Labs programmers who had
worked on this project, Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie, Rudd Canaday, and Doug McIlroy
designed and implemented the first version of the
Unix File System on a PDP-7 along with a few
utilities. It was given the name UNIX by Brian
Kernighan.
00:00:00 Hours, Jan 1, 1970 is time zero for UNIX. It
is also called as epoch.
13. History of UNIX
Introduction to Linux
1973 Unix is re-written mostly in C, a new language
developed by Dennis Ritchie.
Being written in this high-level language greatly
decreased the effort needed to port it to new
machines.
14. History of UNIX
Introduction to Linux
1977 There were about 500 Unix sites world-wide.
1980 BSD 4.1 (Berkeley Software Development)
1983 SunOS, BSD 4.2, System V
1988 AT&T and Sun Microsystems jointly develop
System V Release 4 (SVR4). This later developed
into UnixWare and Solaris 2.
1991 Linux was originated.
15. What is LINUX
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a free Unix-type operating system
originally created by Linus Torvalds with the
assistance of developers around the world.
It originated in 1991 as a personal project of Linus
Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student.
The Kernel version 1.0 was released in 1994 and
today the most recent stable version is 2.6.9
Developed under the GNU General Public License ,
the source code for Linux is freely available to
everyone.
16. LINUX Distributions
Introduction to Linux
Mandrake: http://www.mandrakesoft.com/
RedHat: http://www.redhat.com/
Fedora: http://fedora.redhat.com/
SuSE/Novell: http://www.suse.com/
Debian: http://www.debian.org/
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a Enterprise targeted
Operating System. It based on mature Open
Source technology and available at a cost with one
year Red Hat Network subscription for upgrade
and support contract.
19. File System
Introduction to Linux
The Unix file system looks like an inverted tree
structure.
You start with the root directory, denoted by /, at
the top and work down through sub-directories
underneath it.
20. File System
Introduction to Linux
Each node is either a file or a directory of files,
where the latter can contain other files and
directories.
You specify a file or directory by its path name,
either the full, or absolute, path name or the one
relative to a location.
The full path name starts with the root, /, and
follows the branches of the file system, each
separated by /, until you reach the desired file, e.g.:
/home/condron/source/xntp
21. File System
Introduction to Linux
A relative path name specifies the path relative to
another, usually the current working directory that
you are at. Two special directories :
. the current directory
.. the parent of the current directory
So if I'm at /home/frank and wish to specify the
path above in a relative fashion I could use:
../condron/source/xntp
This indicates that I should first go up one
directory level, then come down through the
condron directory, followed by the source
directory and then to xntp.
22. Structure of Standard Directories
in Unix/Linux
Introduction to Linux
/ The ancestor of all directories on the system; all
other directories are subdirectories of this
directory, either directly or through other
subdirectories.
/bin Essential tools and other programs (or
binaries).
/dev Files representing the system's various
hardware devices. For example, you use the file
`/dev/cdrom' to access the CD−ROM drive.
/etc Miscellaneous system configuration files,
startup files, etc.
23. Structure of Standard Directories
in Unix/Linux
Introduction to Linux
/home The home directories for all of the system's
users.
/lib Essential system library files used by tools in
`/bin'.
/proc Files that give information about current
system processes.
/root The superuser's home directory, whose
username is root. (In the past, the home directory
for the superuser was simply `/'; later, `/root' was
adopted for this purpose to reduce clutter in `/'.)
24. Structure of Standard Directories
in Unix/Linux
Introduction to Linux
/sbin Essential system administrator tools, or
system binaries.
/tmp Temporary files.
/usr Subdirectories with files related to user tools
and applications.
25. Directories, Files and Inodes
Introduction to Linux
Every directory and file is listed in its parent
directory.
In the case of the root directory, that parent is itself.
A directory is a file that contains a table listing the
files contained within it, giving file names to the
inode numbers in the list.
The information about all the files and directories is
maintained in INODE TABLE
An Inode (Index Nodes) is an entry in the table
containing information about a file (metadata)
including file permissions, UID, GID, size, time
stamp, pointers to files data blocks on the disk etc.
26. Users, Groups and Access
Permissions
Introduction to Linux
In UNIX/LINUX, there is a concept of user and an
associated group
The system determines whether or not a user or
group can access a file or program based on the
permissions assigned to them.
Apart from all the users, there is a special user
called Super User or the root which has permission
to access any file and directory
27. Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
There are three permissions for any file, directory
or application program.
The following lists the symbols used to denote
each, along with a brief description:
r — Indicates that a given category of user can
read a file.
w — Indicates that a given category of user can
write to a file.
x — Indicates that a given category of user can
execute the file.
28. Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
Each of the three permissions are assigned to
three defined categories of users.
The categories are:
owner — The owner of the file or
application.
group — The group that owns the file or
application.
others — All users with access to the
system.
29. Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
One can easily view the permissions for a file by
invoking a long format listing using the command
ls -l.
For instance, if the user juan creates an executable
file named test, the output of the command ls -l test
would look like this:
-rwxrwxr-x 1 juan student 0 Sep 26 12:25 test
30. Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
The permissions for this file are listed are listed at
the start of the line, starting with rwx.
This first set of symbols define owner access.
The next set of rwx symbols define group access
The last set of symbols defining access permitted
for all other users.
31. Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
This listing indicates that the file is readable,
writable, and executable by the user who owns the
file (user juan) as well as the group owning the file
(which is a group named student).
The file is also world-readable and world-
executable, but not world-writable.
32. Listing the Content of a Directory
Introduction to Linux
ls is used to list the contents of a directory.
If the command ls is written with parameter –l then
the command lists contents of the working
directory with details. Example:
$ ls –l
33. Moving in Directories
Introduction to Linux
cd try_it
Changes the directory to try_it
pwd
Prints present working directory (e.g.
/home/smith/try_it)
cd .. Move to superior directory
pwd : Prints /home/smith
cd /home The absolute path
pwd : Prints /home
cd The system is returned to the user home
directory
pwd : Print /home/smith
34. Make Directory
Introduction to Linux
The command mkdir my_dir
makes new directory my_dir (the path is given
relative) as a subdirectory of the current directory.
36. Copy File
Introduction to Linux
The command cp file_1 file_2
copies file_1 to file_2. The both files must be in the
same working directory. If they are in various
directories, the path must be given.
37. Rename and/or Move the File
Introduction to Linux
The command mv file_1 file_2
moves file_1 to file_2
The both files must be in the same working
directory.
If they are in different directories, the path must be
given.
The file_1 is removed from the disk.
38. Remove File
Introduction to Linux
The command rm file_a
removes the file_a from the system
If you use wildcard. For example
rm h*c
you will remove all files beginning with h and
ending with c which are in working directory.
If you write
rm *
you will erase all files from your working directory.
39. Access Permission of File/Directory
Introduction to Linux
The ownership of the file or directory can be
changed using the command
chown <owner> <file/directory name>
The group of the file or directory can be changed
using the command
chgrp <group> <file/directory name>
The permissions of the file can be changed using
chmod command
chmod -R ### <filename or directory>
-R is optional and when used with directories will
traverse all the sub-directories of the target
directory changing ALL the permissions to ###.
41. Assignment
Introduction to Linux
Login as guest (password is guest)
Find the present Directory
Write the root directory structure
Write a few commands available in /bin and /sbin directory
Find the guest directory
Write the permissions of guest directory
Create a new Directory test in guest directory
Copy the file /etc/resolv.conf in test directory
Rename the test directory to testing
Delete the testing directory
Change the permissions of guest directory to 700
Change the permissions of /tmp directory to 700