The document discusses various topics related to Linux including: 1. The history of Linux originating from a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and its growth over time into a large open source operating system kernel. 2. Key Linux file management commands like ls to list files in a directory, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and chmod to modify permissions on files and folders. 3. Useful Linux terminal shortcuts for navigating and editing text like cursor movements, copying/pasting, and accessing command history.

1. Linux operating
system
Communication L3

2. Contents of this COURSE
Here’s what you’ll find in this COURSE:
● Create a Virtual Machine.
● Setup Ubuntu on the virtual Machine.
● Linux Shortcut.
● Linux Basic commands.
● Shell Programming.
● C Programming Language on linux.

3. Whoa!

4. What Exactly Linux
01

5. Linux History
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds:
to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has
been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial
release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number
of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15
version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not
counting comments.

6. Linux History
In 1991, while studying computer science at University of Helsinki, Linus
Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. He wrote the
program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an
operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with
an 80386 processor. Development was done on MINIX using the GNU C
Compiler.

7. UNIX History
Unix is multi-tasking, multi-user operating system but is not free to use and
is not open source. It was developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson team at
AT&T Bell Labs. It is widely used on servers, workstations etc. Following are
the important differences between Linux and Unix.

8. Linux is Unix?
Linux is not Unix, but it is a Unix-like operating system. Linux system is
derived from Unix and it is a continuation of the basis of Unix design. Linux
distributions are the most famous and healthiest example of the direct Unix
derivatives. BSD (Berkley Software Distribution) is also an example of a Unix
derivative

9. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open Source Nature.
 Secure.
 Can revive older computers.
 Perfect For Programmers.
 Customization.
 Variety Of Distributions.
 Free to Use.
 Better Community Support.
 Reliability
 Privacy

10. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open source software (OSS) is software that is distributed with its
source code, making it available for use, modification, and distribution
with its original rights. ... OSS typically includes a license that allows
programmers to modify the software to best fit their needs and control
how the software can be distributed.

11. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open Source Nature.
 Secure.
 Can revive older computers.
 Perfect For Programmers.
 Customization.
 Variety Of Distributions.
 Free to Use.
 Better Community Support.
 Reliability
 Privacy

12. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open Source Nature.
 Secure.
 Can revive older computers.
 Perfect For Programmers.
 Customization.
 Variety Of Distributions.
 Free to Use.
 Better Community Support.
 Reliability
 Privacy

13. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open Source Nature.
 Secure.
 Can revive older computers.
 Perfect For Programmers.
 Customization.
 Variety Of Distributions.
 Free to Use.
 Better Community Support.
 Reliability
 Privacy

14. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 A Linux distribution is an operating system made from a software
collection that is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package
management system. Wikipedia

15. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 The kernel is the essential center of a computer operating system (OS). It
is the core that provides basic services for all other parts of the OS. It is
the main layer between the OS and hardware, and it helps with process
and memory management, file systems, device control and networking.

16. Reasons Why Linux Is
Better Than Windows
 Open Source Nature.
 Secure.
 Can revive older computers.
 Perfect For Programmers.
 Customization.
 Variety Of Distributions.
 Free to Use.
 Better Community Support.
 Reliability
 Privacy

17. Where Can I install
Ubuntu
 https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop

18. What Exactly
Virtual Machines
02

19. What is Virtual Machine is?
 A Virtual Machine is a software computer that ,like a physical
computer, runs an operating system and application.

20. Why we Need Virtual
Machines ?
 Using Different Operating Systems.
 Running old applications.
 Testing Software.

21. Virtual Box
Oracle VM VirtualBox is a free and open-source hosted hypervisor for x86
virtualization, developed by Oracle Corporation. Created by Innotek, it was
acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008, which was in turn acquired by Oracle
in 2010. VirtualBox may be installed on Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris and
OpenSolaris. Wikipedia

22. Download Virtual Box
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

23. Creating a Virtual Machine
Click Machine > New or hit the icon with the blue star to create a new virtual
machine in VirtualBox GUI.

24. Linux shortcuts
03

25. Useful shortcuts
 Large portions of GNU/Linux functionality are achieved using the terminal.
Most distributions of Linux include terminal emulators that allow users to
interact with a shell from their desktop environment. A shell is a
commandline interpreter that executes user inputted commands. Bash
(Bourne Again SHell) is a common default shell among many Linux
distributions and is the default shell for macOS.

26. Useful shortcuts
 The shell is an interactive interface that allows users to execute other
commands and utilities in Linux and other UNIX-based operating
systems. When you login to the operating system, the standard shell is
displayed and allows you to perform common operations such as copy
files or restart the system.
 A shell is a user interface for access to an operating system's services. ...
The terminal is a program that opens a graphical window and lets you
interact with the shell.

27. Useful shortcuts
 Opening the terminal

28. Useful shortcuts
 Cursor Movements

29. Useful shortcuts
 Text manipulation

30. Useful shortcuts
 Text manipulation

31. Useful shortcuts
 History access

32. Useful shortcuts
 Close Terminal

33. File Management
Commands
04

34. File Management Commands
 Whenever you are in a terminal in Linux, you will be in what is called the
current working directory. Often your command prompt will display either
the full working directory, or just the last part of that directory

35. File Management Commands

36. File Management Commands
Listing files inside a directory

37. File Management Commands
File/directory create, copy and remove

38. File Management Commands
File/directory permissions and groups