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Introduction to linux
This document provides an introduction and overview of Linux, including what Linux is, its advantages over other operating systems, how to find different Linux distributions (distros), how to install or test drive a distro, and where to get help both online and locally. The key topics covered are how Linux is an open source alternative to Windows and Apple, how to extend the life of old PCs using Linux, and how to create a bootable USB or DVD to install or try a Linux distro temporarily.
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Introduction to linux
- 2. Introduction to Linux AGENDA What is Linux? What advantages does it have over Windows/Apple? Where can you find the different “Distros” of Linux? How to install or just “Test Drive” a distro on a PC Where to get help (online and local LUG/LUGD) Summary Questions
- 3. Introduction to Linux Whatis Linux? Open Source Software Free…..in a way, but not always Alternative to Windows and Apple Operating systems
- 4. Introduction to Linux Whatadvantages does Linux have over Windows/Apple? Extend the life of “Old” pc No need for Antivirus No need to pay for additional software No Bloatware – PC Decrapifier is a real program! Massive tech support in non tech formats
- 5. Introduction to Linux Wherecan you find the different “Distros” of Linux? linux.com > Directory tab > Download Linux distrowatch.com Google specific distribution for example: (linux mint download)
- 6. Introduction to Linux Howto install or just “Test Drive” a distro on a PC Step 1 - pre install Select and download distribution .iso file Burn image to DVD or create a bootable usb The assumption is made that there are no hardware issues And the desktop or laptop are FULLY functionally with or without an OS
- 7. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 1 - pre install What is an .iso file ? An ISO file, or ISO image, is a single file, a perfect copy of an entire CD, DVD, or BD. The entire contents of a disc can be precisely duplicated in a single ISO file. Check System bit type 32-bit or 64-bit (In windows check Computer > Properties) Can take a long time to download (Internet speed dependent) Cannot be “burned” like a data or a music file (windows 7 has iso burn program)
- 8. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 1 - pre install How to burn an image to DVD – Windows 7 or newer – insert Blank DVD (ignore Auto Play) Right click on ,iso file and select “Burn Disk Image” Windows Disk Image Burner pops up Place check mark in Verify disk after burning (optional) Then your ready for Step 2: install or test drive
- 9. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 1 - pre install How to create a bootable USB – Minimum 4 gb Download bootable USB creator program (Pendrivelinux.com) Install Universal USB Installer (follow directions ) Know where the .iso image is to be burned Have USB plugged in STAY AWAY FROM SHOW ALL DRIVE CHECK BOX Then your ready for Step 2: install or test drive
- 10. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 2 – install/ test drive Access the BIOS settings for the computer Boot to DVD or USB
- 11. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 2 – install/ test drive Access the BIOS settings for the computer F9 on HP F10 on Sony F11 on MSI F12 on Lenovo, Dell and Acer ESC on ASUS Only change Boot sequence and NOTHING else !
- 12. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Step 2 – install/ test drive Boot to DVD or USB Place disk or USB in computer Restart computer Wait for splash screen
- 13. Introduction to Linux Howto install / test drive cont. Example of start screens
- 14. Introduction to Linux Whereto get help both Online and Local Online: Each distro has its own online community page loaded by default on browser For general online help – linuxhelp.net > Newbies or search the forums General YouTube search for solution to issue- “How do I…” Local: Linux User Group – LUG (jaxlug.net) – Seasoned Users Jacksonville DESKTOP Linux User Group (jaxDlug.com) - User Friendly Jacksonville Public Library – Beginner classes (jpl.coj.net > computer classes)
- 15. Introduction to Linux Summary What is Linux? – Open source and free operating system What advantages does Linux Have? - Secure and customizable Where can I find different “Distros” of Linux ? - Distrowatch.com Install or test drive (live disk / USB) – Permanent or Temporary Help both online and local – Online community for that distro and local user groups and JPL
Editor's Notes
- #4 Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in the 1990’s. It is based on UNIX. It has now evolved into over 300 different types of open- source operating systems based on the Linux kernel. What is open source software? Open source software is software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone. As opposed to Windows and Apple which are commercial software and a not allowed to be modified except by Microsoft (Windows) and Apple (Apple or Mac pc’s) Doesn't "open source" just mean something is free of charge? No. This is a common misconception about what "open source" implies. Programmers can charge money for the open source software they create or to which they contribute. But because most open source licenses require them to release their source code when they sell software to others, many open source software programmers find that charging users money for software services and support (rather than for the software itself) is more lucrative. This way, their software remains free of charge and they make money helping others install, use, and troubleshoot it. From (http://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source) As an alternative to close sourced, vulnerable operating systems
- #5 http://fossmaniac.hubpages.com/hub/Linux-vs-Other-Operating-Systems-7-common-myths-busted Why choose Linux over Windows or Apple? 1- Extend the life of “Old” pc 2- No need for Antivirus which slows Windows systems or have additional costs after trial period. 3- No need to pay for additional software after trial period. 4- No Bloatware – PC Decrapifier is a real program! 5- Massive tech support in non tech formats.
- #6 http://www.linux.com/directory/Distributions Or http://distrowatch.com/ Distros = Distrobutions
- #7 To test drive – you will be using a live cd or usb. You get to play around with the OS before you commit to wipe the existing OS and installing a Linux distro. A third option is available. It is called Dual Booting. Being a little more complex it falls out of the scope of this intro class. If you would like further info on dual booting go to: http://www.howtogeek.com/187789/dual-booting-explained-how-you-can-have-multiple-operating-systems-on-your-computer/
- #8 You can think of an ISO file like a box that holds all the parts to something that needs to be put together - like a child's toy you might buy that requires assembly. The box that the toy pieces comes in does you no good as an actual toy but the contents inside of it, once taken out and put together, become what you're actually wanting to use. An ISO file is the same way. The file itself is no good unless it can be opened. http://pcsupport.about.com/od/termsi/g/isofile.htm
- #9 For Vista or older computers; Download a free ISO burner program and install. Then follow the directions for that program. Here is the link to a free .iso burner that is very easy to use. http://www.freeisoburner.com/
- #10 The Universal USB Installer (UUI) is a very small program that does some very powerful things. When you place the USB in your computer make sure that you do not have anything on that USB drive. Until you become more confident with this process make sure you annotate which drive is your USB. It WILL NEVER BE THE DRIVE MARK C: When using UUI, you will have an option to format the USB prior to installing the .iso image. I suggest you do that so that it is formatted to the proper file system needed to be read by the computer. You will also have the option to “show all drives”, STAY AWAY FROM THAT CHECK BOX, if you select the wrong drive you could wipe out your operating system by mistake.
- #11 It may seem like a complicated process but trust me you will get benefit in long run.
- #12 In order to install or run from live disk(USB) you must interrupt the boot sequence. The boot sequence is nothing more then the process that any computer goes through to load the operating sequence. There is no set rule on a boot sequence. Before computers had hard drives as standard equipment the boot sequence was removable media first (Floppy or CD). Now that Hard drives are a standard item, they are usually listed first. To be sure and to set the boot sequence to go to CD/DVD or USB first (depending on what you are using to install / test drive) you must access the Basic Input / Output Settings or BIOS for short. Here is where it gets interesting. Manufactures have different ways of getting to the BIOS. Some even offer an option to temporarily change the boot sequence without having to get into the BIOS. Here is a list of some of the common ways to access BIOS: 1- F9 on HP 2- F10 on Sony 3- F11 on MSI 4- F12 on Lenovo, Dell and Acer 5- ESC on ASUS For some computers you can select your boot device without entering BIOS/UEFI by pressing F8 key before any other operating system starts. Here is a good article with screenshots to help getting here. https://www.winhelp.us/computer-boot-order.html
- #13 Once you have set the boot sequence put the disk or USB in the computer and restart.
- #14 Once you have set the boot sequence put the disk or USB in the computer and restart. Then depending on distribution selected you will see a Start screen. Here is where you can decide to either install (permanently) or use the Live DVD / USB (temporary) aka test drive.
- #15 Online: By default Mint and Ubuntu’s web browser have a community help tab saved to the favorites. When installing or running live, it can be accessed to help with any issues or to just use as a reference. linuxhelp.net is a good example of the wide community support available to help. YouTube is in my opinion, better in helping to troubleshoot issues. Most videos are very easy to follow and detailed enough to solve most issues. http://www.linuxhelp.net/newbies/ Local: The Linux User Group (LUG) usually covers intermediate to advanced topics. See website for meeting times and topic. (jaxlug.net) The Desktop Linux User Group (DLUG) is more user friendly. See meet up site for info on meeting times. (jaxDlug.com)