Linus Torvalds

Linus Torvalds
What would you do if you were faced with a system that you weren't satisfied with? Would you just accept the system? Would you look for a new
one? Linus Torvalds found himself in that situation while in college. His solution: create his own. Due to my research, I believe that I am able to
touch upon the life of Mr. Torvalds, and the creation for which he is most widely known. It is my hope to commemorate Mr. Torvalds and his work.
The efforts put forth by Linus Torvalds have changed computing in a large way, and for those with an interest in computers, few can claim such
significance as he.
Linus Torvalds, born December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland, first developed an interest in computers from his maternal grandfather, according to an
archived biography from linux.org. He began studying computer science at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Torvalds released the very first version of Linux in the September of 1991 at the age of twenty–one. At the time, he was not expecting nearly the level
of success his program would eventually receive. In fact, when asked what he originally hoped for from the release of Linux during an interview
with Computerworld magazine in October of 2007, he stated "It certainly wasn't money, since the original copyright was very strict about that. I didn't
think that Linux would become as big and popular as it is now, so it wasn't really fame, either. I'd like to say it was for fun."
One of the most praised aspects of the Linux kernel is that it is completely open source. He published the source code that comprised Linux under the
GNU General Public license, which ensured that, while anyone can edit and contribute to the development of Linux, they must release the source code
for the changes that they make. Due to this, many have used the Linux kernel in creating their own operating systems. There are many "Linux
distributions", which are third–party operating systems built upon the Linux kernel and operating systems, available, including Ubuntu, Kali Linux, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Different Opinions And Ideas About The Theories Of...
In this class, we have discussed many different opinions and ideas about the theories of personalities. Of these, I have chosen to incorporate ideas
from myself, McAdams, Freud, Jung, Adler, and Horney. I believe that there are seven personality types and each is displayed as a personification in a
character from the Peanuts cartoons and comics. The personalities are Neuroticism, Openness to Experience and Imagination, Psychoticism, Passive
Aggressive Dependency, Histrionicism, Introversion, and Extraversion. These personality types make up the world, and I believe that any single
person can actually have several different personalities. It can be noted that three of the Big Five by McAdams are included in my breakdown of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Horney came up with a list of ten "needs" that Neurotic people have. These "needs" include "The Neurotic need for affection and approval" which
Charlie Brown clearly shows in his worry about how others view him (Hall, Lindzey, & Campbell, 1998) ; "The Neurotic ambition for personal
achievement" which is displayed in his over analysis of everything to try and always improve himself for personal achievement(Hall, Lindzey, &
Campbell, 1998) ; And "The Neurotic need for perfection and unassailability" which is again shown in his worry over his inadequacies (Hall,
Lindzey, & Campbell, 1998) . These negative feelings and thoughts toward everyday life lead me to believe that Charlie Brown is a near perfect
personification of neuroticism.
Openness to Experience and Imagination In the Peanuts comic, Linus is known as Charlie Brown 's best friend and he carries around a blanket most
of the time. This security blanket helps Linus be open to experiences and imagination. McAdams describes openness to experience as " a cluster of
characteristics having to do with how reflective, imaginative, artistic, and refined a person is" (McAdams, 2009). Linus is one of the most thoughtful,
intelligent and inviting of the characters in Peanuts. He listens to others while thoughtfully thinking about what is said, and he keeps his mind wide
open to the possibility that he will see things that others may not. For example, Linus is the only

Linux And Microsoft Operating Systems Essay
Abstract
Linux and Microsoft operating systems have been developed and marketed in two very different ways. Microsoft has become synonymous with
monopoly and substandard software, while Linux is based on free, open source and the concept of open standards, full disclosure and sharing.
Microsoft attempts to discourage consumers from using the Linux solution by suggesting that the operating system is less than perfect, yet it remains
blind to its own operating system's problems existent within Windows 95/98 and Windows NT.
It's a well–known fact that Microsoft dominate the software market despite these facts. Are they operating within legal and ethical boundaries? And is
it possible that they could fall from grace because of this?
`When ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proprietary systems, such as DOS, Macintosh, VMS and MVS, traditionally have had nothing in common, and vendors and systems integrators have
had extreme difficulty porting applications among them.
UNIX is an open system, and has recently seen quite well established market gains, and there are several reasons for this. Above all, it is solid,
dependable, standard and scalable. Workstations are becoming popular and competitive with the ascendance of NT. Popularity is also due to the fact
that it's open source В– В‘Companies in the US that are already using open source operating systems plan to use it on almost 23% of their desktop
machines by January 2002. Open source software will run more than 34% of their company's servers by 2002.' (USA Today 06/01/00)
While companies like IBM, Oracle, and Netscape have begun to integrate their business model with open source, many traditional software companies
continue to focus on purely proprietary solutions. In the web server space, Microsoft's complete denial of the open source phenomenon is almost
amusing. The Apache web server has more than 50% of the web serving market according the Netcraft survey (http://www.netcraft.com/survey,07/01
/02).
When you look at advertisements for Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) you see that they own over half the market in web serving В– over
half the commercial server market. When compared against competitors like Netscape and Lotus, they have a substantial edge in

Comparison Between Windows And Linux
Comparative analysis of Windows and Linux
Abstract: Comparison between windows and Linux is mostly used discussion topic among peoples. Windows and Linux both are operating system in
which Windows are closed source and used for PC.While Linux is open source and used for open source community. Both operating systems have
unique features, advantages and disadvantages. Both operating systems are differing from each other in term of working, cost, security etc. The first
focus of this paper is on introduction of both OS .This paper mainly focuses on difference between both OS and also defines how these OS are
different in term of working, cost, security, configuration, and performance and user friendliness.
Key Words: Windows,Linux and Operating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Threat detection and solution
After detecting a major threat in Windows OS, Microsoft generally releases a patch that can fix the problem and it can take more than 2/3 months. In
case of Linux, threat detection and solution is very fast.
Examples
Windows 8, 8.1, 7, Vista, XP
Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, Arch Linux, Android, Peach OSI etc.[4]
Development and Distribution
Windows is developed and distributed solely by Microsoft.
Linux is developed by Open Source development. and it is distributed by various vendors.
Installation
Windows installation methodology is easy. In this the users do not need to have installation disk for installing
Before installing Linux on machine, we must need each piece of hardware.
Configuration
In Windows configuration is difficult to change and modify.
In Linux configuration is easy to change and modify. We can modify and configure the program according to needs.

Flexibility
Windows are less flexible than Linux. Because in Windows modification and configuration is difficult.
Linux is more flexible than Windows, because it provide the modification and configuration

The History of Gnu/Linux Essay
In the beginning of the age of the modern computer, programmers worked around the clock, creating code for their employers for use in proprietary
computer systems. These elite programmers enjoyed challenging one another and frequently enjoyed stretching modern systems to their limits. These
programmers became know as "hackers" for their talents at dissecting and working around difficult problems, often searching for the most
elegant or most efficient solution possible. Unlike the vision of hackers as portrayed by the 1990's media., these hackers refrained from any illegal
activities. The best hackers viewed such things as breaking into computer systems as immature and childish. The media derives their definition of a
hacker... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
GNU/Linux, as an operating system and massive community programming project, quickly became the flagship for the open source revolution and the
claim to fame for two exceptional hackers, Richard Stallman and Linus Benedict Torvalds, the two most highly respected and well–known hackers that
have ever lived..
Before the birth of the GNU/Linux and the open source revolution, a tight community of hackers dwelling within the programmer–friendly company,
AI Labs.AI Labs, over time, had become one of the most prestigious programmer havens and the most advanced artificial intelligence development
center in the world at that time. AI Labs recruited the best hackers from all over the world to come and work for them. This elite hacker team formed
a code–sharing community embodied the playful yet quite competitive hacker spirit which Stallman, the founder of GNU refers to as a special kind of
"playful cleverness." (Code 16) However, due to an unfortunate turn of events, Symbolics broke up the the AI Labs team by hiring away
the entire team except the exceptional Stallman and Greenblat. ("GNU") Although the hackers which previously made up a tightly knit
code–sharing community were able to keep in touch, the proprietary nature of their software prevented them from sharing their source code outside of
those select companies who were licensed to possess copies of the

Essay on The Linux
The Linux was originally founded by Linus Torvalds. In 1991, he was a second year computer science student in Finland. He sought after an
operating system that was similar to the UNIX system, but both UNIX and the hardware it ran on were excessively expensive. A UNIX version
called Minix was available for free, but it did not reasonably meet his needs as it was simply an operating system for students, designed primarily as a
teaching tool rather than an industry strength operating system. As a result, Torvalds studied Minix and proceeded to set out to write a new version.
After six months of working to produce the new operating system, Torvalds made very little progress toward the utility of the system.
He began to post his intentions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many systems architecture, the kernel is the lowest level of software that interfaces with the hardware in a computer. In UNIX, users typically have
no direct access to it. It is responsible for interfacing all applications that run in user mode including the physical hardware and allowing processes to
get information from each other.
Linux kernel developers designed kernel modules that could be loaded and unloaded at runtime. Kernel modules are essential to keeping the kernel
functioning with all of the computer's hardware without consuming all of the available memory. A module generally adds functions based on the users
needs to the base kernel for things like file systems and devices. A kernel is essential for any computer system to run and operate properly. TheLinux
kernel is different than OS X and Windows because it includes drivers at the kernel level, and most other operating systems do not. (Salzman, 2005.)
The Linux operating system has been developed by many intelligent people. Around two percent of the Linux kernel was actually written by Torvalds
himself. Today, the Linux kernel has received contributions from thousands of developers across the globe. Torvalds remains the definitive authority on
what new codes are incorporated into the Linux kernel. However, Linux distribution modifies the kernel according to each of their users'

Week 5 Pos 355 Essay
UNIX/Linux versus Mac versus Windows
POS/355
UNIX/Linux versus Mac versus Windows
Really, I'm not out to destroy Microsoft. That will just be a completely unintentional side effect.
–Linus Torvalds
I wish him the best, I really do. I just think he and Microsoft are a bit narrow. He'd be a broader guy if he had dropped acid once or gone off to an
ashram when he was younger.
– Steve Jobs
Microsoft has had clear competitors in the past. It's a good thing we have museums to document that.
– Bill Gates (Torvalds, Gates, & Jobs, 2013)
Operating systems were not in existence before the 1960s. The definition of operating systems is a program designed to run other programs on the
computer and is the most important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Mac OS is the product of Apple, which was created in 1976 by the late Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniac. Mac OS, unlike Microsoft's Windows, is
an operating system designed only for the Macintosh computers. Whereas Microsoft's creation of Windows seemed more or less linear after the late
1980's, Apple circulated a number of different computers with different OS's, such as the Apple II, Apple III, the Lisa, in addition to the line of
Macintoshes. The ultimate brilliance behind Apple's development of its operating systems is vertical combination: Mac also develops both its own
hardware and software. However Microsoft takes a different approach: it provides the OS that is used by almost all IBM compatible computers
manufactured. Of all the individual personal computer ventures that Apple started however, only the top sellers of the Macintosh remain in production
and continue to evolve.
The first Mac was preceded by the Apple I, the Apple II which was very successful, the Apple III which was a disaster, and the Lisa which was a
disaster almost as bad as the Apple III. It was introduced in 1984, but development on Mac OS began in 1979. When presented, it was the first system
to rely exclusively on a graphical user interface to respond to user input. However it was the recognition of this graphical user interface that
encouraged Microsoft in its process of Windows.

To introduce the Mac system, Apple aired the

How Computers Has Changed The World
There are 7 individuals on the planet who hold the "key to the web." If in the occasion of a significant disaster the web is closed down these key
holders will together have the capacity to reboot an essential piece of the framework. Computers are a radiant deed of engineering. They have
developed from straightforward number crunchers to machines with numerous functions and abilities. Computers have gotten to be common to the
point that practically every home has no less than one computer, and schools discover them a decent hotspot for data and training for their understudies.
Computers have made new professions and dispensed with others and have left an enormous effect on our general public. The development of the
computer has incredibly influenced expressions of the human experience, the business world, and society and history in numerous diverse zones, yet to
see how extraordinary these progressions are, it is important to examine the sources of the computers. Innovation has changed the world and the future
holds greater creations for every one of us. Numerous individuals have helped innovation. Three of the numerous individuals who have helped
engineering are Tim Berners–Lee, Steve Ballmer, and Linus Torvalds. Without specific individuals we may have not seen a large portion of these new
advances turning out so soon, but I believe the future holds more. Berners Lee is a British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web
.
Timothy John Berners Lee was born on 8

Example Of Transcendentalism In Peanuts
Peanuts is a comic strip that ran from the 1950's to the 2000's. It's focused around a depressed and meek boy named Charlie Brown. The comics tell
the story of him, his friends, and all of their adventures. While the comic strip ended in the 2000's the world of Charlie Brown still lives on to this
day. Around 120 years before the world ofCharlie Brown, the philosophical movement of transcendentalism appeared. It emphasized the spirit and
one's own individuality. Even though it came out a significant amount of time in the past, transcendentalism is still apparent in the modern world.
Peanuts is a modern day example of transcendentalism in the way it represents character's own confidence and free thought. One of the
characteristics of transcendentalism is confidence. A character in Peanuts who is a prime example of confidence is Lucy Van Pelt. For instance, in
one of the comics written by Charles Schulz, when Lucy says that she has a knack for seeing other people's faults, Linus asks her about her own
faults she responds that she has a knack for overlooking them and then when Charlie Brown says to Lucy, "Sometimes you really astound me. I've
never known anyone who was so consistently crabby! How do you explain that?" she answers, "Never change a winning game!" Lucy is a very
sarcastic character and she stands by the way that she goes about life. She has an amazing amount of self–confidence and she doesn't let anyone else
get to her because she believes strongly in her actions. She's a strong example of confidence in transcendentalism because of how much she believes in
herself and stands by her actions. Also, in A Charlie Brown Christmas the story revolves around the idea that Charlie Brown doesn't believe that the
over–commercialized Christmas that they all celebrate is the real meaning of Christmas. Then when he's asked to go get a big and over–the–top
Christmas tree for the play, he grabs a small and neglected tree because he sees the potential in it and he feels like it's his job to give it a home.
When all of his friends make fun of him and tell him that he's stupid he gets depressed, but he doesn't lose his confidence that that isn't what Christmas
is all about. After Linus reads a passage of the bible

Designing A Different Operating System
You can't know where you're going unless you know where you been, this saying rings true when thinking of Lunix. In order to know the start of
Lunix one would have to travel back in time quite a bit. In this paper, I will research the start of Linux, the growth, and the future. When thinking
of computers imagine they are as big as the tallest building or stadium. While the size of those computers posed problems, there was the one thing
that made them worse: every computer had a different operating system. Software was customized to serve a certain purpose, and software didn't
run from one system to another. This was painful for both the system administrators and users alike. Computers were so expensive back then, and
so many sacrifices had to made even after the original big purchase just to get the users to understand how the parts worked together. Technology at
that time was not so advanced, so this was the way of life for another decade or so. In 1969, the beginning of finding a solution to the software
problem began. The first developer Ken Thompson is an American pioneer in computer science. He started out working at Bell Labs for most of his
career. Dennis Richie is the second developer who was a computer scientist that created the C programming language and, with Ken Thompson and
created the "Unix" project. Thompson and Richie came together to address the compatibility issues and develop a new operating system. The key
points that they wanted to instill was to

Windows Milestones
Windows: Windows was created by Bill Gates and Paul Allen from Microsoft on April 4, 1975 as a way of being able to navigate easily through a
computer using a more user friendly basis. As of present day the most common type of operating system for desktops and laptops is
windows.Windows 1.0 was introduced in 1985,which was when windows company itself got started.Windows got it's name by the computing boxes
in a computer or more commonly referred to as "Windows".Over 29 years and windows has developed 12 different versions all starting from Windows
"MS–DOS" (Microsoft Disk–Operating System).Throughout the 12 versions of Windows the most important or biggest milestones are Windows 3.1,
98, XP, 98 second edition andWindows Vistaall leading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MacOS: MacOS was introduced in 1984 by the Apple.inc in order to run the first Macintosh computers and was inspired by Microsoft's operating
system 'Windows".The main factor that Apple wanted to market with the new MacOS operating system is how user friendly or easy it was to
use.During the 1980's Apple made and agreement to allow the Windows operating system to use some of the features from Apple into their own
operating system (Windows).Then later in the 1990's Apple made it so that the MacOS operating system could only be used on Apple computers.After
a while Mac made it so that there could be online file sharing, internet browsing and made it very simple to multi–task using MacOS operating
system.The in 2007 apple revealed their Apple Ipads and Apple Smartphone and showed off the fact that the OS X operating system could also be used
to connect with mobile devices.In 2011 Apple had also invented iCloud which

Creative Writing: Asshole
Alex just stopped arguing with me as we neared where she and the girls split up. "How far do you think they went?" Alex asked while I stopped
walking. "Not that far. Kid went after Ender and Hiei went after Izzy. They couldn't have gotten that far." I said and Alex started laughing. I looked
over my shoulder at Alex and raised an eyebrow. "That's not their real names." Alex said. "What?" I asked confused. "They don't like their real
names, so they use the names that they like." Alex explained with a shrug. "Alex! You Asshole! You said you wouldn't tell anybody!" Izzy and Ender
yelled in unison as they entered the small clearing with Hie and Kid. *Hiei's P.O.V* "Alex! You Asshole! You said you wouldn't tell anybody!" Izzy and

The Double Helix Rosalind Franklin Essay
This story starts May 1, 1992. Rosalind Franklin is responsible for photo 51, a remarkable photo of DNA taken with x–rays. It was a top view of a
strand of DNA. Watson used this picture to write a book called, The Double Helix. In the book he cast Franklin as an evil spirited women, but this
is the opposite of what she was actually like. Many scientist objected to Watson's book and one even questioned, "Did you even say she died?" To
start the film they talk about how the Franklin family was wealthy, and full of philanthropist. Also from an early age she loved arithmetic and
memory games. She went ot St. Paul girls school (school to prepare girls for a career), then finishes year early gets scholarship to go to Cambridge
school. About this time the Nazi were on the march. She graduates... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Franklin died before she was credited with her information, and still today she does not get her credit that is due. The credit that Wilkins, Crick, and
Watson received was hers. When they stole her information and saw her findings they wanted to go straight and claim it as their own, but couldn't
right away because they didn't know how to explain it without Rosalind Franklin. You can take all of the notes from her as you want, but if you don't
understand it or explain it then it is obvious that it is not yours. This happened to Crick and Watson, but eventually they overcame this slight twist in
their plans and stole all of her data. For these men to copy her data,not acknowledge her as the author, plagiarized. Unfortunately at this time since
Franklin herself didn't publish her data there was no well known record besides her notes to back her up as the author, it was not an obvious enough
cause to say that Crick and Watson stole her notes. For these reasons it is why it is important to credit research and

Windows History : Windows : History And History Of The...
Windows History – Windows started by Bill Gates in 1983. The first Windows was called Windows 1.0. Nothing much was special about it, the
things it had were a little bit of multitasking and the mouse to provide input. Next came windows 2.0. This was a major difference in Windows. It
had overlapping windows like we have today. It also provided icons that were in much better shape. After that came Windows 3.0. It was a major
change in Windows history. This was a big change because it had good graphics and a new file management system. Next came Windows 3.11.
Windows 3.11 was mainly a better/polished version of windows 3.0. It was also the first non–buggy windows of its kind. After that came windows
3.11NT. Windows 3.11NT was a powerful
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A couple years later, came Jaguar, Jaguar introduced Universal Access. Universal Access was basically a software that could help people with
disabilities. Jaguar also had a new startup screen and replaced the happy mac icon with the fruity apple icon. The one that came after that was
panther, but it really wasn't a big difference from jaguar. The next one was Tiger. Tiger was probably one of the biggest changes in Mac Os. The
reason I say this is because it introduced widgets to get to apps faster. Also, it had better hardware because the hardware and an intel core chip
already installed into it. 2 years later came leopard, Leopard was the longest Mac Os operating system to come out. Leopard introduced a backup
system that was built–in called Time Machine. The after that came Lion. Lion was the first version of Mac Os that was not available in CDs or
DVDs. Skipping a couple years ahead, came Yosemite. Yosemite was the biggest design change in a long time. It had a beautiful appearance and
blurred transparency effects. All the rest were just updates to make Mac Os run smoother and look better. So there was no more major updates. Linux
History – Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. The funny thing was was how he said that it would be nothin major and just a hobby. The
funny thing is is how he is wrong in a good way. Anyway, In 1992 Linux became an open source. This was probably one of the best things he has
ever done. In 1993 Slackware LInux was

Mae Jemison Research Paper
Mae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama on October 17, 1956. Mae Jemison's parents were Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Green. Mae
Jemison was the age of three when her family moved to Chicago, Illinois. During her early life, Mae's parents were supportive and encouraging of her
talents and abilities. Mae Jemison spent a lot of time reading books about science and especially about astronomy at her school library. While she was
attending Morgan Park High School, she decided to go into the field of biomedical engineering. Mae Jemison graduated high school in 1973. After High
school, she attended Stanford University on a National Achievement Scholarship and graduated in 1977. After Stanford, she attended Cornell
University Medical College and graduated from there in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While she was attending Cornell University Medical College, she was able to work at a Cambodian refugee camp in Thailand. After serving for
two and a half years in the Peace Corps, Mae Jemison returned home in 1985. When she returned home, that is when she decided to follow her
dream of being an astronaut. The reason why was during her childhood Mae Jemison watched a television show called, "Star Trek", and was
inspired as a little girl to literally reach for the stars. Her role model was a character from Star Trek, which was Nichelle Nichols who played
Lieutenant Uhura in Star Trek. Thanks to Nichelle Nichols who played Lieutenant Uhura, Mae Jemison was inspired to become an astronaut. Mae
Jemison applied for The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's or (NASA's) astronaut training program, in 1986. She had to reapply a year
later because of the Challenger disaster, of 1986. In 1987 she got accepted into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's or (NASA's)
astronaut training

Informative Speech On Snoopy
Madelynn Parrott
Section 21
General Purpose: My general purpose is to inform.
Specific Purpose: Inform my audience about Snoopy.
Central Idea: Snoopy is so special to me because he gives me the realization that I can be myself despite what others think, he serves as an inspiration
to think adventurously, and he gives a demonstration of how to treat the people closest to me.
Snoopy for the Win
Introduction
How many people, by a show of hands, have a dog or at some point want to get a dog?
I don't have a dog, but if I were to get one, I know exactly which dog I would get. By far, the coolest dog in the world, cooler than the Robert Downey
Jr. and yes, even cooler than James Bond is of course Charlie Brown's beloved pet, Snoopy.
Snoopy, I believe, is the best dog to ever be drawn (motion with hand) into this world because we can all relate to him in some way or another. He
gives us three –tions as I like to call them. What do I mean by –tions? I mean he gives us a realization, he gives inspiration, and he gives us a
demonstration or example to follow.
Transition
Let's first start with how Snoopy gives us a realization.
Body
Snoopy gives us the realization that it's okay to be yourself even when other people don't like it.
He time and time again gets up on Schroeder's piano and dances because that's what he enjoys doing. Every time Schroder gives him that, "I'm going
to kill you look," Snoopy does get sheepishly off, but he gets right back on the next time

Advantages And Benefits Of Linux
пЃ¶Problem Statement
Do you think that in today's era Linux as a operating system has taken a lead in IT Industry elaborate and compare with windows operating system.
Linux
Linux is a UNIX–base operating system. Its original creator was a Finnish student name Linus Torvalds , although being 'open source' it has change
a great deal since its original conception. It belongs to nobody, and is free to download and use. Any changes to it are open for all to adopt, and as a
result it has developed into a very powerful OS that is rapidly gaining in popularity worldwide, particularly among those seeking an alternative to
Windows.
LINUX History
The History of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by a Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2004Lindows changes it's name to Linspire April 14, 2004.
2004The first release of Ubuntu is released October 20, 2004.
Advantages and Benefits of Linux
Affordable
If you're basing your decision on price, then Linux is right for you. There is no comparing Windows to Linux when it comes to money; we all
know that Windows is expensive, while Linux can be obtained free, a huge cost saving in anyone's book. All you have to do is go to the webpage and
click where it says click here and you have Linux ready to go.
Security
Another known fact about Linux is their security is much stronger than other operating systems; you don't need home security systems for your
computer when you use the Linux system, and you can browse the net without any serious concerns.
Versatility
The biggest plus for me when it comes to Linux is the ability for me to change what I want and how I want it especially on my desktop, the

versatility is easy and amazing and I'm not forced to go with the design given to me. It's similar to when you are shopping around for remodeling
estimates, but you know exactly what you want and don't need someone deciding for

How Did Linus Torvalds Begin His Original Project In Linux?
In 1991 Linus Torvalds began a project known as the Linux Kernel while attending the University of Helsinki. He had written the program specifically
for the hardware he was using at the time and then he had also wanted it to be independent of the operating system. There are some reasons known of
why Linus Torvalds had started his original project in Linux. Two of these such reasons are in 1983 the GNU project was born, and its creator was
Richard Stallman. He had the goal in mind of creating a free UNIX like operating system. Later Stallman had also created the GNU General Public
License. Linus had stated that these had a lack of being widely adopted, and that he wanted to create free kernel that would be available quickly. If
the GNU Hurd or any of the other kernels had been available, then there is a possibility that Torvalds never would have written his own in the first place.
Development was initiated on MINIX and it used the GNU C Compiler, and until this very day is the same compiler that is mainly used. He started
out mainly developing device drivers and hard drive access. By December of that same year he had created a version of Linux that he referred to
as 0.01. In the year of 1991 on the day of October 5th Torvalds sent a posting to the newsgroup comp.os.minix. This post announced the release of a
new version labeled as 0.02. This version was intended to be very basic and one that still needed MINIX to operate. There was an incredible attraction
and interest in this and from here on out the kernel was very rapidy improved by Torvalds and many a number in

Who Is The Perfect Island In Lord Of The Flies
In the novel "The Lord of the Flies," by William Golding, is set on a paradise like island. There are only little boys on the island and the author gave
them almost a perfect island to live on. They have fruit, water, but there is no sign of civilization on the island. The boys first instinct was to group
together when the conch was blown. The children can do whatever they want because they have no authority. They also established a leader right when
the whole island was started.
Ralph is one the main characters and he is a John Locke type character. Locke is an enlightenment thinker and one of his philosophy is he sees
everyone as good person. Hobbes is another philosopher that thinks the opposite of Locke's philosophies in a lot of places, he thinks that all people
are cruel and terrible people and need to be put in there place by a big bad ruler. Locke had an outlook on government much like Ralph did, he wanted
to have someone that could lead well and had a lot of knowledge on how things worked. The narrator reveals "but there was a stillness about Ralph
that marked him out; there was his size, and his attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He saw that most people when given paradise, will destroy themselves because of one bad decision after each other. Jack had the same mindset of
Hobbes, they both believed that a powerful leader would help keep everyone in check. Mankind will never be at peace with each other because
everyone has different opinions about different things and we will never agree with each other. The island might have been built up faster and better
if Jack took the lead on the island. He would have his strength and words to scare the others so they would do what he told them to do. The basis of
the story is that people will destroy each other just to get better than another, the kids on the island were not mature enough to help the fact that every
kid had a different opinions and

Linus Pauling Essay
Linus Pauling (1901–1994)
A master and maker in many fields, Linus Pauling lived a very long and productive life spanning nearly the entire twentieth century. By the time he
was in his twenties, he had made a name for himself as a scientist. After many significant contributions including his work on the nature of the
chemical bond, he turned to chemical biology and is generally accepted as the founder of molecular biology. Later in his life he became very
involved in issues of politics and peace for which he is somewhat less well known. In his later years, he became interested in health and medicine and
specifically in the use of vitamin C to prevent ailments from the common cold to cancer.
In Pauling's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Linus Pauling had an amazing ability to locate interesting problems and to think of various novel solutions, eventually discarding some to arrive at the
most satisfactory answer. He used to say that it was easy to think of answers, but that the difficult part was deciding which were worth anything. The
questions that Pauling examined and the answers that he posited changed the way that we see the world and the way that chemistry is taught and
learned.
Linus Pauling's life and work are, to me, a source of inspiration. I have, for some time now, been determined to become a scientist. I have always
pursued my goals with tenacity and single–mindedness and can relate well with another who has done the same and with such great success. Linus
Pauling's work as well as his ability to convey his thoughts to large groups of people is exemplary of the level to which I aspire. It is said that he
was an exceptional lecturer "with a gift for communicating complex ideas" (Goertzel & Goertzel, 1995, xiv). Additionally, his work on the chemical
bond is most important to me because he wanted to understand something fundamental about the world and was able to do this and to change the way
that people for years to come will learn chemistry and physics. I admire Pauling's versatility and ability to become interested in very diverse areas of
science and even other

Essay on Helmer and Nora's Relationship in Ibsen's Doll's...
Helmer and Nora's Relationship in Ibsen's Doll's House
Ibsens use of language helps us see the characters nature and to find out their personality and structure of the characters relationships. Each character
has their own unique use of language. This helps us to see the difference between the characters and their relationships. As we read through the play A
Dolls House this becomes clear when we learn about Nora and Torvalds relationship and how it changes throughout the play.
As we read throughout the play, the language used by Torvald gives us an invaluable insight into his character, He never seems to be stuck on what to
say and his language remains confident and constant throughout the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is also backing up his role as the dominant male. He see's Nora as his possession. "Its incredible what an expensive pet she is for a man to keep"
and "What, not look at my most treasures possession?". These quotes show us that he see's her as his pet, something he owns and this provides us with
an invalueable insight into the way Torvald see's her. Torvald believes everyone should have the same views and morals as him.
Nora: "Oh you're always right, whatever you do"
Helmer: "Now my little song birds talking just like a real big human being"
He is also a very sexist man, we learn this in this key quote "First and foremost you are a wife and a mother". He is judging her actions on what women
are expected to do.
Ibsen uses all this type of language to show the stereotype of a typical mans view and morals in this era.
Nora's use of language in A Dolls House is probably the most significant. She uses different kinds of language which shows her different personalities,
she has two sides to her, but her main side childish. She uses care–free language like "Pooh; we borrow till then" and "I'll wrap the notes in pretty gold
paper and hang them on the Christmas tree, Wouldn't that be fun?". This is the type of thing you'd expect a child to say. Nora uses short

Rosalind Franklin Research Paper
Rosalind Franklin Is a lady who originally came up with the structure cells of DNA but her information was stolen by people who got the credit. She
was one of many female scientist robbed for credit for a major discovery. Her work was stolen from James Watson and Francis
Crick, who was also trying to make the discovery of DNA structure. Her bestfreind Maurice
Wilkins leaked her photos that she took while looking at DNA cells under a X–ray. Wilkins showed Watson and Crick, who used Franklins photo to use
to "discover" it. Franklin's Image was used for the credit of Watson and Crick who later got the nobel peace prize . Franklin also provided an article
that helped Watson and Crick "discover" DNA structure. Franklin published more info on the

A Project On Capstone Project
William Wang
Christian
5th
7 April 2015
Capstone project
Have you wonder where the power of technology and computers and all of the applications came from? Well there are a lot of computer applications
like local security applications, protocols, well I am going to explain some security applications to you. There are many kinds of different security
applications. I am going to explain two of different applications Linux and security policy settings.
Now what are security policies? Security policy settings in Microsoft could be used as part of all of our security implementation to make sure and to
secure domain controllers, servers, client computers, and other resources in the whole computer world. One of the security applications in Microsoft is
security compliance manager what is that? Well security compliance manager is a downloadable tool to our computer that will help us deploy, plan ,
operate and manage the security baselines for windows client and server operating settings and of course for Microsoft settings. What does it contain?
It contains the complete database of recommended security settings methods to customize the baselines and the option to implement the important
settings in multiple formats. "The next thing is called security configuration wizard. It is an application where you go through the process of applying,
editing, or rolling back a security policy the security policy that we could create with SCW is an .xml file but when applied, network

Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment
Introduction : A computer is secure if you can depend on it and its software to behave as you expect I this assignment I will writer about how Linux
provides security to you information. The major technical areas of computer security are usually represented by CIA confidentiality, integrity, and
authentication or availability. It means that information cannot access by unauthorized people.
LINUX :
Linux is the most important free software it has developed into a an operating for business , education , and personal productivity. Linux is so
different because of its free implementation of Unix Linux was originally developed as a hobby project by LINUX Torvalds. It was inspired by minx,
a small UNIX system developed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The username is not something that has to be kept secret as it is readable by anyone on the system however the password is encrypted and should
only be known by the user. The algorithm used to encrypt the password is a one way password which cannot be reversed. Instead when a user enters
their password it is encrypted using the same algorithm and compared against the original.
Traditionally in UNIX the password was kept in the /etc/passwd file which was readable by all users on the system. Modern Linux distributions use a
shadow password file with restricted read permission
Passwords:
It's the most important security feature and basic mean of authentication its important to set secure ungues sable password security is most critical
means to protect a system a good password is always desireable not to be compromised the system
Linux Have some characteristics of password storing mechanism.
i)In a file that is readable only by root. ii) ii) In a one way hash format.
This how you can make your password

Rosalind Franklin Dna Replication
Because of her discovery of the B–form of DNA, recognition that two states of the
DNA molecule existed and defined the conditions for the transition, essentially being literally only two steps away from discovering the structure of
DNA herself, Rosalind
Franklin deserved to be a co–winner of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Prize in
Medicine for elucidating the structure of DNA in such a way that the mechanism for genetic replication was revealed. The x–ray, or photograph that
James Watson, Francis
Crick and Maurice Wilkins used, and was extremely viable in all three of their research, was a direct result of work carried out by Rosalind Franklin
while at King's College in
London. Instead, the three men received the recognition and Rosalind ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From these photographs, or x–rays, she was able to draw a logical conclusion to the basic dimensions of DNA strands. Rosalind actually presented
these findings at a lecture in King's College at which one of the eventual Prize winners, James Watson, were in attendance. Franklin tried to figure out
how the double helix worked but wasn't able to. Without her permission,
Franklin's co–worker, Maurice Wilkins, secretly showed her photos to the American scientist Watson. He andFrancis Crick, his British research partner,
were trying to build a DNA model. When Watson saw the photographs, he realized that DNA is a double
– stranded helix and the two were able to
complete the model.
In 1953, the same year Rosalind left Cambridge, both Wilkins and Franklin published papers on their X–ray data in the same journal issue with Watson
and Crick's paper on the structure of DNA. Neither published paper gave credit to the photo that would eventually help, if not become the breakthrough
they needed in their

Essay on Linux Operating System
Linux is a trademark owned by Linus Torvalds [1]. It is an operating system which is powerful, free and inexpensive to own based on UNIX [1]. It is a
POSIX–compliant with versions available to install in cell phones, supercomputers and most computing systems [1]. Linux is an open source
program as its source code is available to the general public for use and the right to modify from its original design without any charges [1]. New code
will be added to the next version made available with Linux if it is accepted as a universal improvement [1]. The code will continue to exist and
developed by the user even if the company fails [1]. Moreover, updates for Linux are available every six months [1]. Nowadays, Linux is in constant
development by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Linux is then officially belongs to the world [2]. Linux kernel was first published under its own license by Linux, which had a restriction on
commercial activity under its own license [2]. GNU GPL, which used in version 0.99 was then published in the mid–December 1992 [2]. In 1996,
Linus announced that the mascot for Linux wound be a penguin [2]. This is because Linus was bitten by a penguin on his visit to the National Zoo
& Aquarium at Canberra [2]. However, an original draft of today's well known mascot had been provided by Larry Ewing based of this description [2].
There are advantages and disadvantages of Linux operating system. The first advantages of Linux operating system is it is free to obtain [3]. Unlike
Microsoft, Linux distribution can be installed on more than one computer without any cost charged [3]. Besides that, Linux can run perfect on old
computers and enable users to browse the Internet, email, play games, create and edit documents and others [3]. In security aspect, Linux is much
stronger than Windows. This is because Linux uses smart authorization management [5], which requires user to authorize any action that might harm
their computer by entering the password [5]. By this way, users are less likely to be tricked into installing malware and running virus programs [5]. In
addition, if user faces any technical problem, they can visit any of the Linux online forums and post the

Comparison Between Windows And Linux Essay
Abstract
This paper analyzes and compares the differences between the Windows and Linux's operating system in an enterprise. It emphasizes the features in
these two operating system such as history, cost, security, user–friendliness, performance, and future trends. It shows how impactful these features can
be when an enterprise chooses an operating system. The research in this paper highlights the pros and cons of an enterprise using one operating system
or the other. It directs the readers to have a better understanding on which operating system is better for specific instances. Readers will have an
enhance perception on Windows and Linux and the platforms they serve. In our paper we try to fully analyze Windows and Linux's operating system,
so an enterprise can choose the best operating system for themselves.
Keywords: Windows, Linux, operating systems
Windows vs Linux in the Enterprise
The operating system is an extremely crucial type of system software. It is the backbone of a computer. Without an operating system, our computers
will not function properly. Operating systems are highly skilled software that includes programs with an ample amount of information. This
information provided from these programs makes it easier for applications to communicate with the hardware. Linux and Windows are two operating
systems that dominate in our society today. They are not only dominating in our society, but also in the business world. Windows and Linux are the two
most popular

Digital And Technology And Copyright
Technology and Copyright
Introduction
Digital and networking technology have vastly reshaped the way the world acquires and uses knowledge; by increasing the amount of creative content
that is available to everyone worldwide and the variety of sources from which an individual can choose to acquire that data. This content is often
created by many individuals collaborating to form large groups of people who all contribute creative content. Intellectual property (IP) is the content
that is created by either an individual or a group of individuals. The distribution of free content, software, and ideas has successfully limited many
societies dependency for established channels of distribution and production [cyberethics]. More and more however as the internet becomes a digitally
real the ability to go to the internet and escape the established channels of distribution has become increasingly difficult, concerns over the legal issues
with the way some, or at times most, of the ways material is acquired. Some experts believe that intellectual property laws have stifled the access to
many of these works, and in doing so have decreased the rate at which the creative content can expand, grow, and progress. Laws like the Digital
Millennial Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) have shifted, perhaps unfairly, the balance between intellectual
property owners and the general users of these creative works. These laws have been put into affect for the sole

Computer Operating System
1. Introduction to Operating System:–
Computer is a somewhat complex machine. The world has become accustomed to so many choices. One of the major choices in the modern era is the
"Operating System (OS)". Operating systems are the central software component to any computer. The main brands of operating system are; Windows
Mac OS, Sun Solaris, UNIX, DOS and Linux. Each brand has its own take on what makes up an operating system. Windows is the most commonly
used operating system around the world. The most common advantage about Windows is its simplicity. It is now very easy for an inexperienced
person to grasp the concept and use the computer with this operating system on it. Windows newest version is Vista and windows7. Vista has made...
Its current best–selling products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.
Starting in 1980, Microsoft formed an important partnership with IBM that allowed them to bundle Microsoft's operating system with computers that
they sold, paying Microsoft a royalty for every sale. In 1985, IBM requested that Microsoft write a new operating system for their computers called
OS/2; Microsoft wrote the operating system, but also continued to sell their own alternative, which proved to be in direct competition with OS/2.
Microsoft Windows eventually overshadowed OS/2 in terms of sales. When Microsoft launched several versions of Microsoft Windows in the 1990s,
they had captured over 90% market share of the world's personal computers.
[pic]
Fig: Microsoft staff photo from December 7, 1978. From left to right:
Top: Steve Wood, Bob Wallace, and Jim Lane.
Middle: Bob O'Rear, Bob Greenberg, Marc McDonald, Gordon Letwin.
Bottom: Bill Gates, Andrea Lewis, Marla Wood, Paul Allen.
Versions:–
|Release date |Product name |Current version / build |
|Nov 1987 |Windows2.03 |2.03 |
|Mar 1989 |Windows2.11

Linus Case Synthesis Essay
After reviewing the source code form Stallman's version, Linus was able to code together the first version of Linux. I feel that after reviewing that
source code, Linus advance the code to be able to produce Linux. Using the GNU project, I think Linus was able to finally figure out what he wanted
to achieved.
After a visit to Transmeta in late 1996, Torvalds accepted a position at the company in California, where he would work from February 1997 until June
2003. He then moved to the Open Source Development Labs, which has since merged with the Free Standards Group to become the Linux Foundation,
under whose auspices he continues to work. In June 2004, Torvalds and his family moved to Dunthorpe, Oregon, to be closer to the OSDL's Beaverton,
I feel that due to the success. He was finally taken serious on his beliefs of open source code should be free. He really is a hack a code guy that can sit
for hours nonstop inputting code. He works to advance open source code which I find is amazing.
From 1997 to 1999, he was involved in 86open helping to choose the standard binary format for Linux and Unix. In 1999, he was named by the MIT
Technology Review TR100 as one of the world's top 100 innovators under age 35.In 1999, Red Hat and VA Linux, both leading developers of
Linux–based software, presented Torvalds with stock options in gratitude for his creation.That same year both companies went public and Torvalds's
share value temporarily shot up to roughly US$20 million.
His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed Tux, which has been widely adopted by the Linux community as the mascot of the Linux kernel. Although
Torvalds believes "open source is the only right way to do software", he also has said that he uses the "best tool for the job", even if that includes
proprietary software. He was criticized for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary BitKeeper software for version control in the Linux kernel.
Torvalds subsequently wrote a free–software replacement for BitKeeper called

Alex Riveros: Case Study
We received a phone call that Alex Riveros was found walking alone to the upper elementary school at a very early time by a school staff member.
We contacted Mr. Turner about Alex's whereabouts being at Harper McCaughan. Alex stated to Harper personnel that he wanted to go see his brother
so he walked to his school instead of Quarles. I have attached the email from the other school. –––––––––– Forwarded message –––––––––– From:
Kathryn Standish Date: Wed, Feb 21, 2018 at 7:39 AM Subject: Alexander Riveros To: Jan Hansen Dr. Hansen, This morning at around 6:45am one
of Jeremy Reynolds, a teacher at Harper, reported that a young child was walking along Commission Road, away from Quarles. Around the same time
we received a phone call from Sean

Open and Closed Source and What It Means
Open and Closed Source Systems
June 24, 2013
Open and Closed Source System
What Open Source Means
Open–Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created
Linux, he determined that the more people or, the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and the
possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open–source operating system ("Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right
Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source", 2003–2009).
Open–Source is defined by the code or source code is accessible to person or persons who essentially use it or in IT definition: end–user. The user can
revise and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Software that safeguards these privileges are kept is called free software.
The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation or (FSF) for the GNU project. According to Gnu General
Public License, Version 3 29 June 2007 (2007), "The GNU General Public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works"
(para. 1). Copyleft means a technique for creating a program whereby it is free; forcing any altered and expanded versions of said program to be
free also. A software company provides a software license to a consumer who then provides their permission for the consumer to use their software
packet or package. Typically, it comes with many restrictions, and only allows the user one copy per license. It cannot be copied or distributed in
anyway. Such is the case for Microsoft.
Microsoft also has volume licensing in that a corporation can purchase as many licenses, or also referred to as key codes, as they might need
depending on the size of the business.
When Microsoft came up with volume licensing it allowed businesses to save costs by not having to purchase the boxed software. The cost is only for
the license number or key code. It can also give tailored buying choices and better software administration.
References
Damicon; linking the left–brain and the right brain: Open vs. Closed Source. (2003– 2009). Retrieved from

Why Is Rosalind Franklin Important
Ethan Rosales Period 6 Science paper
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was a British biophysicist and X–ray photographer who made important discoveries to the understanding of the molecular
structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite. Her DNA work was important because it furthered our understanding of DNA. DNA is important
because it plays a large role in our genetics and personal traits. Her discoveries helped further the research of many other scientists even the ones she
was working with. She was born July 25, 1920 and sadly died April 16, 1958. She's best known for her X–Ray pictures of DNA which led to the
finding of the DNA double helix. This was a very large finding in her time. She also has a college named after her because of all of her great work. ...
By concluding that substances left coal easier when the temperature increased. Franklin helped closely predict the usefulness of some coal for
machines such as gas masks. This work based her Ph.D theory paper. Eventually, the university awarded her a Ph.D. in 1945. This paper largely
helped her gain this achievement. It also sparked the curiosity of several more papers. On January 1951, Franklin started working as a research
associate at King's College London in the Medical Research Council's (MRC) Biophysics Unit. At this time a man named Dr. Randall was head of this
department. Although originally she was to have worked on X–ray diffraction of proteins in solutions, Randall redirected her work to DNA fibers
before she started working at King's since Franklin was to be the only experienced experimental diffraction researcher at King's in 1951. He made this
reassignment, even before she started working at King's, because of the following pioneering work by Maurice Wilkins and Raymond Gosling – a
Ph.D. student assigned to help Franklin. Even using crude equipment, these two men had obtained an outstanding

Computer Technology Contributions
Computer science is an ever–evolving field that is relevant to the daily activities of almost all people living in the 21st century. Through the years, the
field of computer science has advanced thanks to the contributions of numerous scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. From the programs
powering medical devices in healthcare to the operating systems on mobile devices, the work of computer scientists is responsible for the
technologies that power our lives. This paper describes the contributions made by Ada Lovelace, Linus Torvalds, and Dennis Ritchie to the field of
computer science. 1: Ada Lovelace Ada Lovelace is most known for her contributions to computer science during a time before computer science was
a recognized discipline. Her work involved a thorough series of notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including a table that explained how the
engine could potentially display Bernoulli numbers (Martin, 2015). The analytical engine was an industrial–era invention intended to carry out
computations using punched cards (Martin, 2015). She was tasked with translating Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea's notes on Babbage's
analytical engine, which she published in 1843 (Martin, 2015). Ada's notes on the analytical engine were much greater than the original translation, and
she was able to realize the true potential of the analytical engine. She was able to come up with an algorithm for the analytical engine that could be
used to calculate Bernoulli

Annotated Bibliography of Articles on the Development of...
Annotated Bibliography Development of Linux. (2012, Apr 21). Retrieved from Operating System: http://www.operating–system.org/betriebssystem
/_english/bs–linux.htm The Linux operating system was started by Linus (Benedict) Torvalds in 1986. He got the idea from the MINIX, which was
developed as a learning system. MINIX was an open source system. In the process, he developed more and more functions, making it an operating
system with a kernel. He made the source code available for other programmers to give feedback and eventually created a community for the ongoing
development of Linux. Linux is now a free development and distribution that only integrates features that users will use in installation–able software
packages. Developers of Linux have used the system core, the kernel, to develop a range of software packages for a wide variety of devices. This is
useful to tell about the Linux operating systems' history and how they were implemented in a way they became useful to the market place and
business. Haas, J. (2012, Apr 23). Parted Magic 2012_04_21. Retrieved from About.com.Linux: http://linux.about.com/b/2012/04/23
/parted–magic–2012–04–21.htm Parted Magic is a disk partition that has been updated, fixing previous issues. It can be loaded to a CD, USB drive,
or the computer RAM. It can change, or resize, the partitions on the computer hard drive. New computers are set up with one single partition and
Parted Magic can resize and create more partitions to

Dennis Macalistair
Ever since I was a child I have an inclination towards mathematics, physics and computers. These three fields of study used to fascinate me a lot.
From a very early age I started reading about the scientists and their work. Over the years I read about some famous engineers and scientists in field of
mathematics, physics and computers. Among all the scientists, I found Dennis Macalistair Ritchie's work very interesting and influential.
He is not only the father/creator of the C programming language, but also the co–creator of the UNIX operating system. He is undoubtedly, the biggest
innovator and creator in the field of Computer science. He worked with his longtime colleague Ken Thomson to create UNIX and for that they won
the Turing award from ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) in 1983. He had a Bachelors and advanced degrees from Harvard University in
the field of Physics and applied mathematics. Following his father's footsteps, he joined Bell labs in 1967 and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
C programming language actually outgrew from another programming language, B, created by Ben Thomson when he was working on the UNIX
operating system, which although has a hierarchal file–system, device files and command line interpreter but lacked a system programming language. I
found the language so fascinating that it drew my interest to the field of computer science and it played a huge role in motivating me to choose
Computer science as the field of my education and career. When I started working, I got the opportunity of working in the UNIX and Linux
environments, which I continue to love and work on. I am a big advocate of open–source languages, operating systems and products and all these
would not have been possible without UNIX, C programming language and Dennis

Sobell Fedora and Red Hat Linux Chapter 1 Answers Essay
Linux Networking
NT1430
Unit Exercises
Chapter 1.
1.Free software is free, users can change code, and source code is available to anyone.
2.GNU/Linux is portable, is based on standards, is written in C, has a kernel programming interface, can support many users, and can run multiple
tasks. For more information, refer to "What Is So Good about
GNU/Linux?" The source code for the operating system is readily available so that students can understand more easily how GNU/Linux works and
can modify the code further to understand its operation and change the way it works. For more information, refer to "The Code Is Free"
3.Multiuser operating systems allows the multiple users to access the resources of a single ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can download many utilities from the Internet. Examples of utilities are cp (copies a file), ls (lists information about files), ssh (securely connects
to a remote computer), and df (lists information about free space on system devices such as hard disks).
7.Shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users of an operating system. Shell provides access to the services of a kernel. Shell makes
the user's job faster and easier in many ways.
8.Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or more command lines contained in a file. Make
the file executable and give the name of the file as a command: The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command
individually.
9.Because it uses a hierarchical structure in shape of a pyramid or (up–rooted) tree to make director and subdirectories.
10.Multiprocessor (having more than one processor) refers to a system with two or more processors or CPUs. Multiprocessing (supporting multiple
processes) refers to a system that can process one or more tasks at a time.
11.Using 2 or more CPUs and multi–tasking, gaming, using resource intense programs.
12.Many thousands of people contributed to the GNU/Linux Operating System using the Internet. This project is unique because such a project, using
free software, had never been attempted before.
13.The GPL says you have the right to copy, modify, and redistribute the

Just For Fun: The Story Of An Accidental Revolutionary'
"Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary" by Linus Torvalds and David Diamond is the account of how Linus Torvalds created the
computer operating system Linux in 1991 to his (then) current account in 2001. In the book Torvalds outlines from how it all started for his personal
need, to the infamous Tanenbaum debates, to gaining commercial popularity in the present. The book is written by mainly by Torvalds with
Diamond giving his own experiences with Torvalds throughout. Torvalds is very qualified because he was the one to actually create the operating
system and likewise the book is about his own experiences. However Diamond is also qualified in his writing as he had previously written for both
The New York Times and the popular

Linus Benedict Torvalds Research Paper
Linus Benedict Torvalds was born on December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland. Both of his parents, Nils and Anna Torvalds, were journalists and
radicals at the University of Helsinki. He has a sister who is sixteen months younger than him as well as a younger half–brother. During Torvalds's
childhood, his parents divorced, so he lived with his mother and grandparents. His mother's father, or Linus's grandfather, Leo Toerngvist, was a
statistics and mathematics professor at the University of Helsinki, and was the one who introduced Linus to one of the first personal computers, the
Commodore VIC–20. The computer was used as a programmable calculator, and on it, Toerngvist taught Torvalds some simple coding on the computer.
Before Torvalds was even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It had the ability to run a bash shell, which is a program that will provide a text–only user interface, and the GCC, which is the GNU C Compiler, or
translator. Torvalds then released Linux under the GPL (GNU General Public License) which allows anyone to modify, redistribute, study, or use the
operating system as long as they make the source code of the modified versions available once again ("Linus Torvalds Biography"). The phenomenon
of allowing the source code to be "peer–reviewed," or reviewed by other programmers allowed Linux to be more reliable and more productive than its
competitors. This process lead to fewer flaws and an enhanced performance of the system. He them went on to create the Linux kernel, which is
necessary for an operating system to become usable. Richard Stallman created GNU binutils, GCC, and bash, which were used for almost all Linux
distributions. The Linux kernel and Linux distributions continued to rise in their popularity as more individuals and corporations contributed to the
operating system project. In 1994, Torvalds added a usable ext2 filesystem, which is used for organizing data on computer disks, to the kernel.
Torvalds was then hired as a post of instructor at the University of Helsinki, where he asked his students to send him an e–mail. One of those students
was Tove Minni, a Finnish Karate champion, who through the e–mail homework asked

Linus Torvalds

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