1. Protein Synthesis
By: Michael Lin

2. Nucleus

3. DNA

5. T
A
A
T
C
G
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
G
G
C
T
A
C
G
G
C
T
A
A
T
T
A
C
G

6. T
A
RNA
Polymerase
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

7. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

8. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

9. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

10. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

11. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

12. T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
A
T
C
T
A
G

13. A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
C
G
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
C
A
T
A
U
A
G
A
T
C
T
A
G

14. A
T
A
U
A
T
G
C
G
G
C
C
T
A
A
U
A
T
C
G
G
G
C
C
T
A
A
G
C
G
G
C
C
A
T
A
U
A
T
A
T
A
G
C
G

15. Nucleus

16. Ribosome
A
U
G
Start Codon Methionine
C
A
U
Codon
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
Stop Codon
G

17. Anticodon
U
A
C
A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

18. U
A
A
U
C
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

19. G
U
A
A
U
C
G
C
A
U
U
A
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

20. U
A
A
U
C
G
G
C
U
A
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

21. U
A
C
C
A
U
G
G
C
U
A
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

22. U
G
U
G
C
A
A
A
U
G
C
A
U
U
G
G
C
U
A
U
A
G

23. G
U
A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
U
G
G
C
U
A
U
A
G

24. U
A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

25. A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

26. Final protein in its tertiary structure
A
U
G
C
A
U
G
C
A
G
C
A
U
A
G

27. Summary(Transcription)
• Protein synthesis is the process that the cell uses to
create its own specific proteins. The first part of this
fundamental process is called transcription. The cell is
shown first with the cytoplasm, ribosomes, and it’s
nucleus. We zoom into the nucleus to find a DNA
strand. RNA polymerase comes in and unzips the DNA
and copies one of the strands to make a
complementary strand for protein synthesis. Once the
new strand is made the DNA comes back together and
this new strand is called mRNA which stands for
messenger RNA. This single strand of mRNA is small
enough to slip out of the nucleus through a nuclear
pore into the cytoplasm of the cell.

28. Summary(Translation)
• Once the mRNA is out in the cytoplasm it finds a
ribosome. A ribosome binds itself with the mRNA
strand. The ribosome starts at the start codon which is
methionine. A tRNA which is transport RNA comes in
with an anti-codon and an amino acid on top. The anticodon goes with its complementary codon then falls
off without the amino acid. The amino acids form
peptide bonds in between and stick together. The
ribosome eventually stops at the stop codon. In the
end the peptide bond is still together but the amino
acid curls up into its tertiary form.