This document summarizes four potential high capacity cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: 1. Nano-LiFeTiO4/C cathode that provides 250 mAh/g between 4.75-1.5V through two lithium ion redox reactions. 2. Li1+xM1+xTi1-xO4 cathode that could provide additional capacity through anionic redox, but published data is unavailable. 3. Li2V0.5Cr0.5O2F cathode that delivers 362 mAh/g between 4.5-1.3V through chromium and vanadium redox reactions and possible anionic redox. 4. Li

1. (1) Cathode prelithiation -- Sun et al.
Apr 12, 2016
Y Sun, H.-W. Lee, Z. W. Seh, N. Liu, J. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Cui, "High-capacity battery
cathode prelithiation to offset initial lithium loss," Nature Energy 1 (2016)
15008; doi:10.1038/nenergy.2015.8
Received: 15 June 2015, Accepted: 12 November 2015, Published online:
11 January 2016.
http://www.nature.com/articles/nenergy20158
"Loss of lithium in the initial cycles appreciably reduces the energy density of lithium-
ion batteries."
"Anode prelithiation is a common approach to address the problem, although it faces
the issues of high chemical reactivity and instability in ambient and battery
processing conditions."
"Cathode additives consisting of nanoscale mixtures of transition metals and lithium
oxide that are obtained by conversion reactions of metal oxide and lithium."
"Co3O4 nanoparticles (2 mmol) were reacted with molten Li metal (16 mmol, 99.9%)
at 185 ∘C for 20 min and 200 ∘C for 2 h under continuous mechanical stirring in an
argon-filled glove box with a moisture level below 0.1 ppm and oxygen level below
3.0 ppm. To eliminate the residual Li metal, the synthesized composite was stored in
dry air before use."
"High theoretical prelithiation capacity (typically up to 800 mAh/g during charging."
"In a full-cell configuration, the LiFePO4 electrode with a 4.8% Co/Li2O additive
shows 11% higher overall capacity than that of the pristine LiFePO4 electrode."

2. (2) Li2MnSiO4 -- Yang et al.
(3) monolayer MnO2 @ 3D-graphene -- T. Hara
(4) SiO2 coating on LiMn2O4 -- T. Hara
(5) Did you get it?
(2) Li2MnSiO4 -- Yang et al.
Apr 12, 2016
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C. A. J. Fisher,. N. Kuganathan, M. S. Islam, "Defect chemistry and lithium-ion
migration in polymorphs of the cathode material Li2MnSiO4," J. Mater. Chem. A 1
(2013) 4207-4214; DOI: 10.1039/C3TA00111C
Received 09 Jan 2013, Accepted 07 Feb 2013, First published online 07 Feb 2013
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/ta/c3ta00111c#!divAbstract
"All four polymorphs are thus expected to be poor Li-ion conductors, requiring
synthesis as nanoparticles to facilitate sufficient Li transfer."

3. Fig. 2
X.-F. Yang, J.-H. Yang, K. Zaghib, M. L. Trudeau, J. Y. Ying, "Synthesis of phase-
pure Li2MnSiO4@C porous nanoboxes for high-capacity Li-ion battery
cathodes," Nano Energy 12 (2015) 305–313; doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.12.021
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211285514002900
(1) Cathode prelithiation -- Sun et al.
(3) monolayer MnO2 @ 3D-graphene -- T. Hara
(4) SiO2 coating on LiMn2O4 -- T. Hara
(5) Did you get it?

4. (3) monolayer MnO2 @ 3D-graphene -- T. Hara
Apr 12, 2016
http://www.slideshare.net/toruhara/very-short-introduction-on-research-plans-battery
(1) Cathode prelithiation -- Sun et al.
(2) Li2MnSiO4 -- Yang et al.
(4) SiO2 coating on LiMn2O4 -- T. Hara
(5) Did you get it?
(4) SiO2 coating on LiMn2O4 -- T. Hara
Apr 12, 2016
1999 (actually, Dec. 1998), T. Hara
(1) Cathode prelithiation -- Sun et al.
(2) Li2MnSiO4 -- Yang et al.
(3) monolayer MnO2 @ 3D-graphene -- T. Hara
(5) Did you get it?
(5) Did you get it?
Apr 12, 2016
(1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + something, for example.

5. I do not need conversion materials, by the way.
(6) Multicomponent Silicate Cathode Materials for
Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries: An Ab Initio Study -
- Longo et al.
Apr 13, 2016
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R. C. Longo, K. Xiong, K. Cho, "Multicomponent Silicate Cathode Materials for
Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries: An Ab Initio Study," J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 (2013)
A60-A65;
http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/160/1/A60.abstract

6. (1) Cathode prelithiation -- Sun et al.
(2) Li2MnSiO4 -- Yang et al.
(3) monolayer MnO2 @ 3D-graphene -- T. Hara
(4) SiO2 coating on LiMn2O4 -- T. Hara
(5) Did you get it?
Li-ion battery cathode: towards 5 V and 600
mAh/g.
Apr 7, 2016
1. Nano-LiFeTiO4/C, 4.75 - 1.5 V (middle point = 2.25 V), 250 mAh/g [1].

7. Two Li+ redox per formula (Fe4+/3+ accompanying Li+ insertion into
tetrahedral sites, then Fe3+/2+ (usually a plateau at 2.3 V in the bulk) and/or
Ti4+/3+ (usually a plateau at 1.5 V in the bulk) accompanying Li+ insertion into
octahedral sites. Authors commented that the activation of the redox at 3.1 V
(Fe3+/2+) resulting in the capacity increase from 170 to 250 mAh/g by charging
up to a high voltage (e.g., 5 V) might be the pseudo-capacitive redox at
tetrahedral site, FeTi2O4 (23.2% contained), owing to the nano-structure. Li+
ion might be accommodated in quasi-two-dimensional planes in van der Waals
gaps of the host lattice. The stable spinel-host structure is a major requisite for
intercalation pseudocapacitance. Note that the particle diameter is 3 nm.
No anionic redox.
In order to insert Li+ into octahedral sites in addition to tetrahedral sites, extra
Li+ source is required.
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[1] R. Chen, M. Knapp, M. Yavuz, S. Ren, R. Witte, R. Heinzmann, H. Hahn, H.
Ehrenberg, S. Indris, "Nanoscale spinel LiFeTiO4 for intercalation pseudocapacitive
Li+ storage," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 (2015) 1482-1488;
doi: 10.1039/C4CP04655B
Received 14 Oct 2014, Accepted 14 Nov 2014, First published online 21 Nov 2014
http://pubs.rsc.org/is/content/articlelanding/2015/cp/c4cp04655b#!divAbstract
(cf.) You might recall the following report:
E. Baudrin, S. Cassaignon, M. Koesh, J.-P. Jolivet, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon,
Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 337-342.

8. 2. Li1+x M1+x Ti1-x O4 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni) (0≤ x ≤0.8) [2].
Could include anionic redox. Published data cannot be found.
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[2] R. Chen, S. Indris (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), EP2784853 A1.
http://www.google.com/patents/EP2784853A1?cl=en
3. Li2V0.5Cr0.5O2F, 4.5 - 1.3 V (middle point = 2.55 V), 362 mAh/g [3] .

9. Nominally Cr4+/3+ (possibly anionic redox), then, V5+/4+/3+.
(cf. 1) It is known that electrochemically active rocksalt-type LiTiO2 is formed
during the charge/discharge of rutile TiO2 nanopowder. It is not likely that it
contains so-called anionic redox; it may be categorized into a classical oxygen
hole at the surface.
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[3] S. Ren, R. Chen, E. Maawad, O. Dolotko, A. A. Guda, V. Shapovalov, D. Wang,
H. Hahn, M. Fichtner, "Improved voltage and cycling for Li+ intercalation in high-
capacity disordered oxyfluoride cathodes," Adv. Sci. 2 (2015) 1500128;
doi: 10.1002/advs.201500128
Article first published online: 12 JUN 2015
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.201500128/full
"... indicating that the Cr ions were trivalent and octahedrally coordinated ..."
"... chromium in disordered rock salt structure ..."
(cf. 1) E. Baudrin, S. Cassaignon, M. Koesh, J.-P. Jolivet, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon,
Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 337-342.
4. LiMn2O4-Li2MnO3-Li1,27Mn1,73O4, 5.0 - 3.0 V, 560 - 577 mAh/g
(immediately faded) [4].
Two Li+ redox per formula, and anionic redox.
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[4] E. Bulut, M. Can, M. Özacar, H. Akbulut, "Synthesis and characterization of
advanced high capacity cathode active nanomaterials with three integrated spinel-

10. layered phases for Li-ion batteries," J. Alloy. Compd. 670 (2016) 25-34;
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.051
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838816303206