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Lin huang s2 recognition of customary tenure
This document summarizes the findings of a study documenting customary land tenure practices in Sar Pauk Village, Myanmar. The study involved conducting focus groups and interviews with villagers over multiple trips to understand how they govern and allocate land and natural resources. Key findings include that villagers have equal access to rotational farming lands and forests, land is managed communally and not for commercialization, and they employ sustainable land and resource practices. However, challenges exist such as lack of legal recognition of their customary tenure system and threats from illegal logging and potential land acquisitions.
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Lin huang s2 recognition of customary tenure
- 1. Customary Land Tenure Documentation (RegionalLand Forum 21-23 June 2016, Hanoi Vietnam) By Ling Houng
- 2. Background of thedocumentation • millions of farmers, especially in the uplands, are managing their land and natural resources under customary arrangements • No legal recognition by law but integrated in NLUP • This exercise was conducted as part of the Learning & Advocacy activity developed in Myanmar by 6 advocacy groups • In 2015, six CSO organizations in Myanmar were trained in Participatory action Research • Started to develop a method for local organisations to be able to document customary tenure • It is about the governance of land and NR under custnmary tenure, the rules used by villages, the way they manage collective resources.
- 3. Backgroud of thevillage Sar Pauk Village • The village has founded since 400 years ago • The villagers belongs to Asho Chin ethnic minority • 60 households
- 4. Method of documentation 1stTrip ( 23 to 25 May) 2nd Trip ( 12 to 14 September) 3rd Trip ( 11 to 13 January) Focus Group Discussion with community members 11 persons (6 male 4 female) 11 persons ( 9 male and 2 female) Focus Group Discussion (Women Group) 8 persons Focus Group discussion (Youth Group) 9 persons Focus Group Discussion (Elders Group) 7 persons In-depth Interview 2 persons Total 11 persons 35 persons 2 persons
- 6. Types of landUse • Rotational farming • communal land(rotational farming ) • Orchard land • Watershed areas • Forest (used forest), reserved forest
- 8. Land Tenure /Access to the land • Dama U Cha Principle (the first cultivator become the owner of certain land) • Clans: 9 clans/ the right to inherent • Individual/ private claim but manage in communal manner • Immigrants/ Asho Chin people nearby the village • Outsiders/ not sell to outsiders
- 9. Land Allocation/ Sharing •Rotational Farming/ Sweden agriculture/ SC • Allocate farm plots in the Village meeting ( Oct/Nov) • Every family has the right to access the Plot for cultivation • Not lottery system/ but allocate the land based on household size and size of certain plot • For instance, big family- 2 hector, small family- 1 hector • Immigrants has the right to access the land for rotational farming
- 10. Forest • All villagershas the right to access the forest • Timber/ bamboo for buildings • Collect NTFP/ vegetables • immigrants has equal right to forest • But not outsiders/ other villages nearby the village • If other villages come and ask permission to the village, • Villagers decide and get donation (village fund) • It is used for the village activities such as building schools and other common activities
- 11. Ecological sound practices •Watershed areas were conserved/ not allow to cut trees • the forest along mountain ranges were conserved/ which improve the regeneration of trees in the fallow land • Forest along the streams were conserved • about 60 % of the total land is forest • Timber is utilized for housing and domestic use, not commercialized
- 12. Land Use andCrop Change
- 13. Introducing Orchard • Beganto access the road since 1993 • Plant long term fruit trees: Lime, Lemon, jack fruit, orange, pine apple, banana etc • Since 1993 • Access to market • Private claim lands were transformed to Orchard • Suitable land for orchard/ access to the road • Immigrant have to buy for Orchard but small amount of cash • No right to sell to outsiders
- 14. Crop change inrotational faming • About 90 % of rotational faming for Paddy in the past • But now paddy occupied about 60% • Rain-fed Paddy is still dominant but • Growing Corn/ not local seed, chili and pigeon pea are increasing because of access to market
- 15. Key findings • Equalaccess to land/ rotational farming • Land is not for commercialization but for generations • Land is for subsistence/ food security • Land is secured because of internal rules such as selling to outsiders is prohibited, • Resources are utilized in sustainable manner without exploitation • They have ecological sound practices such as watershed area conservation/
- 16. Challenges • About halfof the total land of the village is in reserved forest • No legal recognition of Customary Land Tenure by Law/ rotational farming • Illegal logging • Land acquisition of companies nearby this area • Such as Shwe Gas Pipeline (Myanmar-China), national grid line (under-compensated and lost of conserved customary conserved areas)
- 18. Thank You ForYour Attention!