This chapter discusses social and personality development in preschool-aged children. It covers the development of self-understanding and sense of self, including Erikson's psychosocial stage of initiative vs. guilt from ages 3 to 6. The chapter also summarizes preschoolers' developing awareness of gender, race, ethnicity, and friendships. Parenting styles and their influence are examined, as well as types of child abuse and theories of moral development from Piaget and social learning approaches. The impact of television violence on children is also briefly discussed.