i made it for gr8 10 social chapter ncert economics chapter meant for the expo BY ABDULLAH MANSOOR AYIS 2017-18

1. CM’s- Abdullah and sulaiman

2. WHY THERES A NEED OF TRANSPORT?
 Goods and services do not move from
supply locales to demand locales on
their own.
 The movement of these goods require
the need of transportation.

3. TRANSPORT AS
PRE-REQUISITES
FOR FASTER
DEVELOPMENT
 IN INDIA TANSPORTATION
HAS BEEEN ABLE TO
MAKE A WORLD INTO
LARGER VILLAGE WITH
THE HELP OF EQUALLY
DEVELOPED
COMMUNICATION
SYESTEM

4. “
”TRANSPORT
AIR
WATER
INLAND,OVERSEAS
LAND
ROADWYAS, RAILWAYS, PIPELINES
TRANSPORT CAN BE CLASSIFIED
INTO LAND, WATER, AND AIR
TRANSPORT

5.  INDIA HAS LARGEST NETWORK OF
ROADWAYS
 CAN BE EASILY TRANSVERSED
 CAN NEGOTIATE HIGHER
GRADIENTS OF SLOPES.
 IT HAS LOW CONSTUCTION COST
ALSO CLASSIFIED INTO
SIX CLASSES

6.  ECONOMICAL FOR SHORT
DISTANCES
 PROVIDES DOOR TO DOOR
SERVICE
 LOW LOADING AND
UNLOADING COST
 ACTS AS FEEDER TO OTHER
TRANSPORT.

7. i) GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL SUPER HIGHWAYS:-
 Maintained by National Highway Authority of
India (NHAI)
 CONNECTS METROPOLITIAN CITIES LIKE DELHI,
MUMBAI, KOLKATA, AND CHENNAI.
 OBJECTIVE TO REDUCE TIME AND DISTANCE
BETWEEN MEGA CITIES OF INDIA.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS

8. ii) NATIONAL HIGHWAYS:-
 MAINTINED BY CENTRAL
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
(CPWD).
 THEY ARE PRIMARY ROADS
CONNECTING MAJOR CITIES.
 THE HISTORICAL SHER SHAH
SURI MARG IS CALLED
NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO.1
BETWEEN DELHI AND
AMRITSTAR.

9. iii)STATE
HIGHWAYS:-
o MAINTAINED BY PUBLIC
WORKS DEPARTMENT(PWD).
o CONNECT STATE CAPITALS
WITH DISTRICT HEADQUATERS.
o Maintained by zila parishad.
o Connect district headquarters
with other places in district.
iv)DISTRICT ROADS:-

10. v)OTHER ROADS:-
 MAINTAINED BY GRAM
PANCHAYATS.
 CONNECT RURAL AREAS WITH
TOWNS
vi)BORDER ROADS:-
 MAINTAINED BY BORDER
ROADS ORGANIZATION.
 CONSTRUCTED AND
MAINTAINED ROADS IN
BORDER ARES FOR DEFENCE.
 IMPROVING ACCESBILITY IN
AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN
AND HAVE HELPED IN THE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
THOSE AREAS.

11. THE LENGTH OF THE ROAD PER 100 SQ. KM OF
AREA IS KNOWN AS DENSITY OF ROADS.
DENSITY OF ROAD IS NOT UNIFORM IN INDIA.
ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA FACES A
NUMBER OF PROBLEMS DUE TO NO. OF
PASSENGER AND VOLUME OF TRAFFIC AND EVEN
SOME ARE REMAINED UNMETALLED.

12.  PRNCIPLE MODE OF TRANSPORTATION FOR WATER, GAS, AND MINERALS IN THE
FORM OF SLURRY.
 IT CONTAINS MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES LIKE BUISNESS, SIGHTSEEING, AND
PILGRIMAGE ALONG WITH TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS.
 IT BINDS ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE COUNTRY AS WELL ACELLERATE THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE.
 RAILWAYS INTEGRATE FORCE
 EXCELLENT FOR LONG DISTANCES
 CARRY HEAVY AND BULKY FRIEGHT.
 INDIAN RAILWAY NOW ORGANISED IN 16-ZONES.

13. VALUES AMONG RAILWAY USERS:-
 RESPECT AND CARE FOR NATIONAL PROPERTY.
 SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY.
FACTORS CAUSING HEAVY DAMAGE TO RAILWAYS:-
 Many passengers travel without tickets.
 There are thefts and railway property is often damaged.
 Pulling of chains delays and disturbs running of train.
 Carelessness of officials in maintenance of tracks causes accidents.
 Train drivers are overworked and underpaid.

14.  PRINCIPLE MODE OF
TRANSPORTING WASTE, WATER,
MINERALS, GAS IN FORM OF
SLURRRY.
 HIGH LAYING COST AND LOW
RUNNING COST.
 REDUCES TRANS SHIPMENT
DELAYS.
 LEAKAGES GET EASILY DETECTED.

15. 1) OIL FIELD – FROM ASSAM
TO KANPUR.
2)FROM SALAYS TO PUNJAB IN
JALANDHAR
3)GAS PIPELINE FROM HAZIRA
TO KOTA.
THREE IMPORTANT
NETWORK OF PIPELINES IN
INDIA.

16.  PRICIPLE MODE OF TRANSPORT SINCE TIME
IMMEMORIAL.
 CHEAPEST MEANS OF TRANSPORT.
 CAN CARRY VEY HEAVY LOADS AND BULKY
GOODS.
 FUEL EFFICIENT AND MOST ECONOMICAL.

17. SOME EXAMPLES OF WATERWAYS.
 Ganga river between
allahbad and halia
-1620 km (NW-1)
 It CONSISTS 95% OF INDIAS TRADE.
 LAND WATERWAYS SUCH AS MANDAVI, ZUARI,
CUMBERJUA, SUNDERBANS, BARAK, ETC…
 NEITHER CONSTRUCTION NOR MAINTENANCE COST
IS TOO MUCH AS THEY USE WATER BODIES.
 Brahmaputra river between
sadiya and dhubri
-891km (NW-2)
 West coast canal in Kerala,
Udyogamandal and
Champakkara
-205KM (NW-3)

18. KANDLA PORT
• On gulf of Kutch, Gujrat.
• Handles exports and imports of granary
and industrial belts.
• Its tidal port.
MUMBAI PORT
• Biggest and spacious
• On west Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Natural and well sheltered harbor.
JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU port
• On south Mumbai,
• Developed to decongest Mumbai port.

19. Marmagao port
On panji,goa
Premier iron ore
New mangalore port
Caters to export of
iron ore from
kudremunkh
mines.
On mangalore
Kochi port
South western port
located at the
entrance of a lagoon
Has natural harbor.
On kochi,kerla.

20. • In Tamil nadu
• Has Natural harborOn tuticorin port
• Oldest artificial port
• Ranks next to Mumbai in terms of cargoChennai port
• On Kolkata, west Bengal
• Inland riverine port
• Tidal port
Kolkata port
• On Kolkata
• Developed as subsidiary to reduce
relieve pressure on Kolkata port.
Haldia port

21.  FASTEST, COMFORTABLE AND PRESTIGIOUS MODE OF TRANSPORT.
 BEST SUITED FOR DIFFICULT TERRAINS
 PROVIDES PRIVATE AND DOMESTIC SERVICE
 NATIONALISED IN 1953.

22.  OPERATES PRIVATE, SCHEDULED AND NON
SCHEDULED SERVICES.
 ALSO USED FOR OFFSHORE DRILLING ACTIVITIES.
 BEST FOR TRAVELLING VERY LONG DIDTANCES IN
SHORT TIME.
 INTERNATIONAL FRONTIERS MARK THIS REGION.

23.  THEY ARE MAINLY DIVIDE INTO
TWO CATEGORIES SUCH AS
PEARSONAL AND MASS
COMMUNICATION.
 SOME EXAMPLES OF PEARSONAL
COMMUNICATION ARE LETTERS
AND PHONE ETC…
 THE INDIAN POSTAL NETWORK IS
THE LARGEST IN WORLD
 CARDS AND ENVELOPES ARE
CONSIDERED FIRST CLASS MAIL.

24. MASS COMMUNICATION:-
 TELEVISION, NEWSPAPER, RADIO, PRESS, FILMS ETC ARE SOME EXAMPLES
 CREATES AWARENESS ABOUT VARIOUS NATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND
POLICIES.
 PROGRAMMES IN NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL LANGUAGES ARE
PROVIDED THROUGH IT

25. “
”
o India has variety of programs. From it Doordarshan is national television channel.
o It strengthens democracy in India by providing news and information to masses.
o Mass communication also provides entertainment.
o It helps rural development which is suffering from literacy and superstitious social practices.
o It helps agriculture sector by providing farmers information about new agricultural practice

26.  EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, ORES, AND
MINERALS, GEMS AND JEWELRY.
 INDIA EMERGED AS SOFTWARE GIANT.
 HOLDS CONSIDERABLE POSITIONS IN WORLD.
 TRADE BETWEEN TWO ARE MORE COUNTRIES IS TERMED AS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE. WHILE IN A REGION WITHIN SAME
COUNTRY IS CALLED LOCAL TRADE.

27. • Imports petroleum and its
products, precious stones, coal,
coke, machinery, fertilizers, etc.
• Excellent trade relations with
the countries of the world.
• Earned huge foreign exchange.
• Exchange of information has
surpassed exchange of goods
and commodities.

28.  Considerable foreign exchange earnings.
 Developed international understandings,
 Promoted national integration, supported local
handicrafts and cultural pursuits

29.  New forms of tourisms are present like developed
heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism,
medical tourism, cultural tourism, business tourism.
 Grown substantially over last three decades.
 15 million people engaged directly or indirectly.
 Witnessed increase in foreign tourists.

30. “
”
NOW ITS YOU TURN TO
THINK, LEARN AND
EXPLORE….