This document summarizes water quality analyses of various water sources in different European countries. Samples from rivers, lakes, and the Black Sea were tested for temperature, pH, density, and presence of ions and pollutants. Results found acceptable ranges for temperature and pH but presence of chloride in some locations and calcium in all locations. Further analysis is needed but initial results give a first picture of water quality in the regions studied.

1. Life by the water Examining our water

2. Thisexperienceis a firstapproachtothelaboratorywork

3. Water is an essential resource for living systems, industrial processes, agricultural production and domestic use.

4. Labactivity Each country has takensamples of water and analyzedthem a number of parametersusingseveraleasymethods.

5. The principal factors that are taken into consideration when determining water quality are: Temperature pH Density trace elements such as chloride ion Cl- , calcium ion Ca2+ turbidity

6. Our water Bulgaria: Lake Mandra: Lake MandrenskoorLake Mandraisthesouthernmost of theBurgasLakes, located in theimmediateproximity of theBlack Sea and closetoBurgas. Aheloyriver: TheAheloyRiverorAchelousis a river in easternBulgaria. Itoriginates in theAytos-Karnobatmountain, 1.5 kilometres fromDryankovets, and flowsdirectlyintotheBlack Seasouth of thevillage of Aheloy.

7. Slaveevariver Black sea

8. Germany: Düssel river: River that flows through The Neandertal valley. This small valley belongs to the area of the towns Erkrath and Mettmann Romania: Coastal Tasaul Lake (area 23.35 km2, max. depth 3.75 m) near Constanta on the Romanian Black Sea is an important ecosystem changed by a complex man-made canal system from saline into freshwater and threatened by various polluters (eutrophication) and fishing over-exploitation.

9. Siutghiollake :Siutghiol is a lagoon (a body of shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the sea by some form of barrier) in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It extends over 20 km² and has a maximum depth of 18 m. In winter, up to 90% of its surface may be covered by ice. The name of the lake comes from the TurkishSütgöl, meaning "the milk lake".

10. Lake Tabacarie Black sea White Gate Canal MidiaNavodari

11. Spain: Guadalquivir River: The Guadalquivir is the fifth longest river in the Iberian peninsula and the second widest. It borders Doñana National Parkreserve.The Guadalquivir river is the only great navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable to Seville, but in Roman times it was navigable to Córdoba.

12. Turkey: Kizilirmakriver : Turkish: Kızılırmak, "Red River"), alsoknown as theHalysRiver (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς), isthelongestriver in Turkey. Itis a source of hydroelectricpower and isnotusedfornavigation. Yesilirmakriver: Turkish: Yeşilırmak 'Green River'; classicalGreek: Ίρις, Iris) is a river in northernTurkey. Fromitssourcenorth-east of Sivas, itflowspastTokat and Amasya, and reachestheBlack Sea at Samsunafter 418 km (260 miles).

13. Black sea: Aninland seaboundedbyEurope, Anatolia and theCaucasus and isultimatelyconnectedtotheAtlanticOceanviatheMediterranean and Aegean Seas and variousstraits. TheBosphorusstraitconnectsittotheSea of Marmara, and thestrait of theDardanellesconnectsthat sea totheAegean Sea region of theMediterranean.

14. ThesewatersseparateeasternEurope and western Asia. The Black Sea alsoconnectstotheSea of AzovbytheStrait of Kerch Spring water

15. We are goingto compare the data obtained. Furtherresearchcouldbe done withthese data butitwouldrequiremuch longer.

17. Black sea Studying: Temperature pH Density

18. Temperature

19. Temperature influences the amount of dissolved oxygen in water which in turn influences the survival of aquatic organisms (raising the temperature of a freshwater stream from 20 to 30oC will decrease the dissolved oxygen )

20. pH In chemistry , pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at 25 ºC. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

21. The acceptable pH range for most fish species is 6.8-8.5

22. pH

23. Density The density of water is approximately one thousand kilogram per cubic meter.More precisely, it is dependent on its temperature but the relation is not linear

24. Density

25. Black sea Presence of: Organicmatter -Mud Oil -Weed Lather -Odour Deadfish -Gas oil

27. Why are theseionsstudied? Pb2+ Lead is known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in human beings Ca2+ Hard water has high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. It isn’t unhealthy Cu 2+small amounts are required for health, but excess copper can generate free radicals and cause inflammation or toxicity

28. Cl - Ion presents in sea water. It’sone of thecomponents of HaliteorcookingsaltNaCl Many aquatic organisms can only survive in a narrow range of salt concentrations since salt controls their osmotic pressure

29. HCO3- This factor is a characteristic of the source of water and the natural processes taking place at any given time.

30. Presence of ions: Pb2+NO Cl- YES HCO3- NO/Low Cu 2+ NO Ca2+ YES

31. Rivers Aheloyriver (Bulgaria) Slaveevariver (Bulgaria) Düsselriver (Germany) Guadalquivir river (Spain) Kizilirmakriver (Turkey) Yesilirmakriver (Turkey)

32. Aheloyriver (Bulgaria)

33. Slaveevariver (Bulgaria)

34. Düsselriver (Germany)

35. Guadalquivir river (Spain)

36. Kizilirmak river (Turkey)

37. Yesilirmak river (Turkey)

38. Our rivers Studying: Temperature pH Density

39. Temperature

40. pH

41. Density

42. Presence of: Organicmatter -Mud Oil -Weed Lather -Odour Deadfish -Gas oil

45. Presence of ions: Pb2+ NO Cl- NO /YES (Spain,Turkey) HCO3- Low Cu 2+ NO Ca2+ YES

46. Lakes Mandralake (Bulgary) Tasaullake ( Romania) Siutghiollake (Romania) Tabacarielake ( Romania)

47. Mandralake

48. Tasaullake

49. Siutghiollake

50. Tabacarielake

51. Ourlakes Studying: Temperature pH Density

52. Temperature

53. pH

54. Density

55. Presence of: Organicmatter -Mud Oil -Weed Lather -Odour Deadfish -Gas oil

57. Presence of ions: Pb2+ NO Cl- NO /YES (Romania) HCO3- No Cu 2+ NO Ca2+ YES