The document summarizes a talk given by David W. Lewis on library collaborations and why they are important. Some of the key points discussed include:
- Defining collaboration and cooperation
- Examples of successful collaboration in academic contexts like the prisoner's dilemma game
- Challenges libraries may face from disruptive technologies and the need to collaborate with new partners at larger scales
- Ways libraries can collaborate to transition from print to digital collections and curate content rather than just purchase materials
This document discusses open and closed systems as well as open source development patterns. It provides background on Michael Nielsen and his work promoting open science. It also discusses Wikipedia and the Mathworks programming contest as examples of open source development. Key differences between Wikipedia and Mathworks are that Wikipedia lacks an objective measure of quality while Mathworks competitions have clear scoring systems. The document explores challenges of establishing consensus and common goods in open systems.
The document discusses how digital technologies are driving revolutionary changes in scholarly communication and the role of libraries. It summarizes key concepts from thinkers like Clay Shirky, Clayton Christensen, Tyler Cowen, Michael Buckland, and Ronald Coase that are reshaping expectations and capabilities. Open access is highlighted as a disruptive innovation that may eventually replace traditional subscription models by making information cheaper and more accessible online. The roles and collections of libraries will continue to evolve away from their original paper-based functions as information becomes decentralized and available globally via digital networks.
Talking about Open Access: SMASH and Subtler TacticsJill Cirasella
This document discusses strategies for promoting open access, including forcefully advocating the benefits of open access ("SMASH") or using more subtle tactics. It notes common objections to open access and recommends tailoring the message based on the audience. Open access benefits readers, students, authors, libraries, institutions, and fields of study by increasing access and impact. The document also outlines the progression of open access initiatives at CUNY from 2005 to the present.
Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. Also available via Figshare as Open Access Now! Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. . Ernesto Priego. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.654622
Blogging, open access and new forms of publishing in academic careersGreg Downey
The slides from a talk at the Woolcock Institute, University of Sydney, on open publishing, blogging, and online writing in career perspective. Drawing on personal experience writing a weblog and maintaining large online academic community, these slides offer some basic advice and resources for enhancing one's impact through online publishing.
Open Science & Open Research represents new paradigms in scholarly communication enabled by the web. The document discusses reasons for resistance to open scholarship among academics and provides examples of projects embracing open principles like OpenWetWare, ThoughtMesh, and the Encyclopedia of Life. It contrasts traditional static print-based approaches with "web-enabled" models that are dynamic, interlinked, and support a variety of media like audio and video.
This document provides an overview of an introductory presentation on open access given by Meredith Kahn and Emily Puckett Rodgers of the University of Michigan Library. The presentation defines open access, addresses common myths and misconceptions, discusses trends driving open access like federal mandates and tools for supporting authors. It also includes hypothetical scenarios about supporting faculty authors and transitioning a journal to an open access model that are used to demonstrate issues around rights, funding, infrastructure and outreach.
This document discusses open and closed systems as well as open source development patterns. It provides background on Michael Nielsen and his work promoting open science. It also discusses Wikipedia and the Mathworks programming contest as examples of open source development. Key differences between Wikipedia and Mathworks are that Wikipedia lacks an objective measure of quality while Mathworks competitions have clear scoring systems. The document explores challenges of establishing consensus and common goods in open systems.
The document discusses how digital technologies are driving revolutionary changes in scholarly communication and the role of libraries. It summarizes key concepts from thinkers like Clay Shirky, Clayton Christensen, Tyler Cowen, Michael Buckland, and Ronald Coase that are reshaping expectations and capabilities. Open access is highlighted as a disruptive innovation that may eventually replace traditional subscription models by making information cheaper and more accessible online. The roles and collections of libraries will continue to evolve away from their original paper-based functions as information becomes decentralized and available globally via digital networks.
Talking about Open Access: SMASH and Subtler TacticsJill Cirasella
This document discusses strategies for promoting open access, including forcefully advocating the benefits of open access ("SMASH") or using more subtle tactics. It notes common objections to open access and recommends tailoring the message based on the audience. Open access benefits readers, students, authors, libraries, institutions, and fields of study by increasing access and impact. The document also outlines the progression of open access initiatives at CUNY from 2005 to the present.
Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. Also available via Figshare as Open Access Now! Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. . Ernesto Priego. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.654622
Blogging, open access and new forms of publishing in academic careersGreg Downey
The slides from a talk at the Woolcock Institute, University of Sydney, on open publishing, blogging, and online writing in career perspective. Drawing on personal experience writing a weblog and maintaining large online academic community, these slides offer some basic advice and resources for enhancing one's impact through online publishing.
Open Science & Open Research represents new paradigms in scholarly communication enabled by the web. The document discusses reasons for resistance to open scholarship among academics and provides examples of projects embracing open principles like OpenWetWare, ThoughtMesh, and the Encyclopedia of Life. It contrasts traditional static print-based approaches with "web-enabled" models that are dynamic, interlinked, and support a variety of media like audio and video.
This document provides an overview of an introductory presentation on open access given by Meredith Kahn and Emily Puckett Rodgers of the University of Michigan Library. The presentation defines open access, addresses common myths and misconceptions, discusses trends driving open access like federal mandates and tools for supporting authors. It also includes hypothetical scenarios about supporting faculty authors and transitioning a journal to an open access model that are used to demonstrate issues around rights, funding, infrastructure and outreach.
Open Science In Poland Educating For Innovation With CCAhrash Bissell
Keynote for a conference in Warsaw, Poland regarding open science in Poland. The focus is on the rationale for open science and how open education and OER are ideally suited to training our next generation of innovators and scientists.
Michael Edson @ MCN '09: Smithsonian Web and New Media Strategy -- Drivers, P...Michael Edson
A 15 minute overview of the Smithsonian Institution's Web and New Media Strategy and the drivers and process behind it. Part of the "strategery" [sic] session at the Museum Computer Network conference, November 13, 2009.
This document provides an overview of an open research workshop held in Galway, Ireland on April 7th, 2019. The workshop was led by Dr. Rob Farrow and Dr. Beck Pitt and covered various topics related to open research practices. The agenda included exploring notions of openness, understanding openness throughout the entire research cycle, benefits and risks of open approaches, how openness can increase impact, and concluding reflections. Resources and references on open research were also provided at the end.
This document summarizes a webinar about using simple rules to foster change in classrooms. The webinar focuses on a project where an English teacher used circuits and electricity to teach The Great Gatsby in a nontraditional way. Students created circuit artwork to illuminate themes and truths from the novel. The teacher found that this remix approach helped students make real connections between literature and their own lives while learning about circuits in a meaningful way. The webinar advocates for applying simple rules like "focus on the true and useful" to spark creativity, motivation, and adaptive learning.
Rethinking open access: alternative forms of sustainability and social impact...@cristobalcobo
This presentation explores to what extent can we rethink the licensing instruments (perhaps beyond Creative Commons); alternative forms of economic sustainability (freemium); as well as new incentives mechanisms (non-traditional knowledge currencies) into the Open Access movement.
*CC0 — “No Rights Reserved” (it excludes the pictures from third parties)
This is work is part of the Open Access Visiting Scholar at Faculteit Letteren Leuven. Institute for Cultural Studies (www.culturalstudies.be), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
http://www.kuleuven.be/kuleuven/kalender/2014/rethinking_open_access
More information at: http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/cobo or @cristobalcobo
The document discusses the concept of Library 2.0 and how libraries are embracing new technologies and encouraging user participation. Some key aspects of Library 2.0 include delivering services to users online through various devices, making resources structured and accessible through APIs, and allowing users to actively participate through user-generated content and collaboration. Examples mentioned include Wikipedia, Flickr, YouTube, and how they demonstrate themes of participation, remixing of data, and community.
This is an updated version of an invited talk I presented at the European Research Council-Brussels (Scientific Seminar): "Love for Science or 'academic prostitution'".
It has been updated to be presented at my home institution (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC) in a scientific seminar (14 June 2013).
I have included some new slides and revised others.
I present a personal revision (sometimes my own vision) of some issues that I consider key for doing Science. It was focused on the expected audience, mainly Scientific Officers with background in different fields of science and scholarship, but also Agency staff.
Abstract: In a recent Special issue of Nature concerning Science Metrics it was claimed that " Research reverts to a kind of 'academic prostitution' in which work is done to please editors and referees rather than to further knowledge."If this is true, funding agencies should try to avoid falling into the trap of their own system. By perpetuating this 'prostitution' they risk not funding the best research but funding the best sold research.
Given the current epoch of economical crisis, where in a quest for funds researchers are forced into competitive game of pandering to panelists, its seems a good time for deep reflection about the entire scientific system.
With this talk I aim to provoke extra critical thinking among the committees who select evaluators, and among the evaluators, who in turn require critical thinking to the candidates when selecting excellent science.
I will present some initiatives (e.g. new tracers of impact for the Web era- 'altmetrics'), and on-going projects (e.g. how to move from publishing advertising to publishing knowledge), that might enable us to favor Science over marketing.
“New spaces, activities and challenges: village kids in the library”bridgingworlds2008
This document discusses several topics related to libraries and technology:
1. It discusses the challenges of cataloging Scratch projects given their interactive nature and the wide audience they attract.
2. It raises questions about how to ensure access for all to online content given disabilities and imperfect accessibility standards. Who will create the necessary metadata?
3. It describes the challenges faced by students and teachers in rural Cambodia who have laptops but struggle with lack of resources in their local language and irrelevance of most online content.
A half hour talk for around 80 National Honor students on using Wikipedia effectively for academia. An updated version of this Powerpoint has been uploaded on 5/13/08 at 12.20pm. You can also view the video of this talk at http://theory.isthereason.com/?p=2192
Wikipedia, the encylopedia that anyone can edit, “can never work in theory, only in practice.” Accounting for one in every 200 page views on the Internet, it has become a part of our everyday lives. Wikipedia is changing the way we think about the economics of the web, the potential and the pitfalls of engaging the masses, and the role of professional information architects in a world in which content arrives from literally every direction.
In this session, we’ll explore the nuts-and-bolts of how the Wikipedia project works. Who writes Wikipedia, and why? How does the English Wikipedia maintain quality, consistent tagging, and coherent organization across over two million articles? What happens when contributors disagree? We will take a tour behind the scenes at Wikipedia to learn what happens when users are encouraged to - as they say on Wikipedia… “be bold.”
Open Spaces, Open Data, Open Access: Transforming Today's LibrariesLisa Carlucci Thomas
This document discusses how libraries can transform by embracing open spaces, open data, and open access. It introduces these "open" themes and how they relate to perceptions, expectations, value, programs, services and collections. Examples are provided of libraries creating open spaces through creative programming. The importance of open data is discussed through examples like making regional data freely available. Finally, the concept of open access is covered in regards to evolving library collections and barriers presented by technologies. The document advocates for a transformative culture in libraries based on learning and outlines entrepreneurial methods libraries can use.
This document summarizes an event called "Transforming Your Library" that will take place on April 22-23, 2013 in Sydney. The event will explore emerging technologies, tools, and strategies for libraries. It will include sessions on utilizing social media, opportunities and risks of new technologies, eBooks and online resources, and advocating for library support. There will also be two optional workshops on creating online presentations and engaging technologies. The event aims to help libraries innovate and transform service delivery in response to growing demand for electronic services.
Transforming Information Literacy for Today's Students: Libraries as Sponsors...Buffy Hamilton
The document discusses how libraries can promote transliteracy skills in students. Transliteracy involves reading, writing, and interacting across various platforms and tools. The author argues that libraries should sponsor transliteracy by creating participatory learning environments that support knowledge sharing, collaboration, and student ownership over learning. Specific strategies mentioned include using tools like blogs, social bookmarks, and cloud computing to facilitate conversations and network learning. The goal is for students to develop personal learning networks and digital literacy skills to succeed in an information-rich world.
The document discusses the transformation of the Claremont Colleges Library. It notes the decline in print subscriptions from 2004-2009 and rise in online access during the same period. It proposes that if starting a library today, the focus would be on supporting student and faculty work through collaboration and improving discovery, management, and promotion of resources. Cylinders of excellence could include special collections, assessment, and demonstrating the library's value through outcomes.
Digital libraries of the future will use semantic web and social bookmarking technologies to support e-learning. Semantic digital libraries integrate information from different metadata sources to provide more robust search and browsing interfaces. They describe resources in a machine-understandable way using ontologies and expose semantics to enable interoperability between systems. This allows new search paradigms like ontology-based search and helps integrate metadata from different sources.
Digital Libraries of the Future: Use of Semantic Web and Social Bookmarking t...Sebastian Ryszard Kruk
The document discusses using semantic web technologies and social bookmarking to build social semantic digital libraries to support e-learning. It outlines how semantic digital libraries can integrate information from different metadata sources and provide interoperability. It then describes the JeromeDL digital library system, which uses semantic web and social networking technologies to enhance interoperability and usability, including its architecture, ontologies used, and social and semantic services.
The document discusses the Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship (FORCE11), a grassroots organization aimed at accelerating scholarly communications through technology, education, and community. FORCE11 was founded in 2011 in Germany and aims to modernize scholarly publishing using new forms of publication, markup, and reward systems. It acts as a platform bringing together diverse stakeholders to discuss issues and work on shared goals like data citation principles. The organization sees a future where knowledge is openly networked and scholarly objects are more diverse and linked.
FORCE11: Future of Research Communications and e-ScholarshipMaryann Martone
FORCE11 is a grassroots organization that aims to accelerate scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education, and community engagement. It was founded in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany and is open to anyone with a stake in modernizing scholarly communication. FORCE11 envisions a future where scholarly information is part of an open, universal network and new forms of publication are created to take advantage of this. However, the current scholarly publishing system is inefficient and fragmented. FORCE11 works to address this by developing new authoring, publishing, and reward systems that incentivize open sharing and reuse of scholarly artifacts online.
This document summarizes key points from a discussion on open and closed systems of knowledge sharing. It describes Michael Nielsen and his work promoting open science. It also discusses Wikipedia and the Mathworks as examples of open source development models and compares their approaches. Additional topics covered include defining common good, reaching consensus, the OEIS database, and applying deliberative democracy principles to issues like biobanking policy.
The document discusses open and closed systems of knowledge sharing. It covers topics like Wikipedia, open source software, common goods, and deliberative democracy. Various examples are provided of open systems like Wikipedia, the OEIS database, and ProPublica's policy of allowing republishing of its stories. Challenges of open systems include reaching consensus and maintaining quality without objective metrics. The benefits include greater collaboration and integration of diverse ideas.
The Promise of Authority in Social Scholarshiplcohen
The document discusses the changing nature of scholarly authority and publishing in an increasingly social and participatory digital environment. It defines social scholarship as using networked social tools to publish and interact with scholarly output. Parameters of social scholarship include things like comments, reviews, bookmarks and ratings. Soft peer review can build authority through implicit and explicit social interactions with published work. New metrics of authority are emerging that incorporate social metadata around usage and conversation. This leads to new models of hybrid peer review and open access journal communities that blend traditional review with informal open review processes.
Open Science In Poland Educating For Innovation With CCAhrash Bissell
Keynote for a conference in Warsaw, Poland regarding open science in Poland. The focus is on the rationale for open science and how open education and OER are ideally suited to training our next generation of innovators and scientists.
Michael Edson @ MCN '09: Smithsonian Web and New Media Strategy -- Drivers, P...Michael Edson
A 15 minute overview of the Smithsonian Institution's Web and New Media Strategy and the drivers and process behind it. Part of the "strategery" [sic] session at the Museum Computer Network conference, November 13, 2009.
This document provides an overview of an open research workshop held in Galway, Ireland on April 7th, 2019. The workshop was led by Dr. Rob Farrow and Dr. Beck Pitt and covered various topics related to open research practices. The agenda included exploring notions of openness, understanding openness throughout the entire research cycle, benefits and risks of open approaches, how openness can increase impact, and concluding reflections. Resources and references on open research were also provided at the end.
This document summarizes a webinar about using simple rules to foster change in classrooms. The webinar focuses on a project where an English teacher used circuits and electricity to teach The Great Gatsby in a nontraditional way. Students created circuit artwork to illuminate themes and truths from the novel. The teacher found that this remix approach helped students make real connections between literature and their own lives while learning about circuits in a meaningful way. The webinar advocates for applying simple rules like "focus on the true and useful" to spark creativity, motivation, and adaptive learning.
Rethinking open access: alternative forms of sustainability and social impact...@cristobalcobo
This presentation explores to what extent can we rethink the licensing instruments (perhaps beyond Creative Commons); alternative forms of economic sustainability (freemium); as well as new incentives mechanisms (non-traditional knowledge currencies) into the Open Access movement.
*CC0 — “No Rights Reserved” (it excludes the pictures from third parties)
This is work is part of the Open Access Visiting Scholar at Faculteit Letteren Leuven. Institute for Cultural Studies (www.culturalstudies.be), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
http://www.kuleuven.be/kuleuven/kalender/2014/rethinking_open_access
More information at: http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/cobo or @cristobalcobo
The document discusses the concept of Library 2.0 and how libraries are embracing new technologies and encouraging user participation. Some key aspects of Library 2.0 include delivering services to users online through various devices, making resources structured and accessible through APIs, and allowing users to actively participate through user-generated content and collaboration. Examples mentioned include Wikipedia, Flickr, YouTube, and how they demonstrate themes of participation, remixing of data, and community.
This is an updated version of an invited talk I presented at the European Research Council-Brussels (Scientific Seminar): "Love for Science or 'academic prostitution'".
It has been updated to be presented at my home institution (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC) in a scientific seminar (14 June 2013).
I have included some new slides and revised others.
I present a personal revision (sometimes my own vision) of some issues that I consider key for doing Science. It was focused on the expected audience, mainly Scientific Officers with background in different fields of science and scholarship, but also Agency staff.
Abstract: In a recent Special issue of Nature concerning Science Metrics it was claimed that " Research reverts to a kind of 'academic prostitution' in which work is done to please editors and referees rather than to further knowledge."If this is true, funding agencies should try to avoid falling into the trap of their own system. By perpetuating this 'prostitution' they risk not funding the best research but funding the best sold research.
Given the current epoch of economical crisis, where in a quest for funds researchers are forced into competitive game of pandering to panelists, its seems a good time for deep reflection about the entire scientific system.
With this talk I aim to provoke extra critical thinking among the committees who select evaluators, and among the evaluators, who in turn require critical thinking to the candidates when selecting excellent science.
I will present some initiatives (e.g. new tracers of impact for the Web era- 'altmetrics'), and on-going projects (e.g. how to move from publishing advertising to publishing knowledge), that might enable us to favor Science over marketing.
“New spaces, activities and challenges: village kids in the library”bridgingworlds2008
This document discusses several topics related to libraries and technology:
1. It discusses the challenges of cataloging Scratch projects given their interactive nature and the wide audience they attract.
2. It raises questions about how to ensure access for all to online content given disabilities and imperfect accessibility standards. Who will create the necessary metadata?
3. It describes the challenges faced by students and teachers in rural Cambodia who have laptops but struggle with lack of resources in their local language and irrelevance of most online content.
A half hour talk for around 80 National Honor students on using Wikipedia effectively for academia. An updated version of this Powerpoint has been uploaded on 5/13/08 at 12.20pm. You can also view the video of this talk at http://theory.isthereason.com/?p=2192
Wikipedia, the encylopedia that anyone can edit, “can never work in theory, only in practice.” Accounting for one in every 200 page views on the Internet, it has become a part of our everyday lives. Wikipedia is changing the way we think about the economics of the web, the potential and the pitfalls of engaging the masses, and the role of professional information architects in a world in which content arrives from literally every direction.
In this session, we’ll explore the nuts-and-bolts of how the Wikipedia project works. Who writes Wikipedia, and why? How does the English Wikipedia maintain quality, consistent tagging, and coherent organization across over two million articles? What happens when contributors disagree? We will take a tour behind the scenes at Wikipedia to learn what happens when users are encouraged to - as they say on Wikipedia… “be bold.”
Open Spaces, Open Data, Open Access: Transforming Today's LibrariesLisa Carlucci Thomas
This document discusses how libraries can transform by embracing open spaces, open data, and open access. It introduces these "open" themes and how they relate to perceptions, expectations, value, programs, services and collections. Examples are provided of libraries creating open spaces through creative programming. The importance of open data is discussed through examples like making regional data freely available. Finally, the concept of open access is covered in regards to evolving library collections and barriers presented by technologies. The document advocates for a transformative culture in libraries based on learning and outlines entrepreneurial methods libraries can use.
This document summarizes an event called "Transforming Your Library" that will take place on April 22-23, 2013 in Sydney. The event will explore emerging technologies, tools, and strategies for libraries. It will include sessions on utilizing social media, opportunities and risks of new technologies, eBooks and online resources, and advocating for library support. There will also be two optional workshops on creating online presentations and engaging technologies. The event aims to help libraries innovate and transform service delivery in response to growing demand for electronic services.
Transforming Information Literacy for Today's Students: Libraries as Sponsors...Buffy Hamilton
The document discusses how libraries can promote transliteracy skills in students. Transliteracy involves reading, writing, and interacting across various platforms and tools. The author argues that libraries should sponsor transliteracy by creating participatory learning environments that support knowledge sharing, collaboration, and student ownership over learning. Specific strategies mentioned include using tools like blogs, social bookmarks, and cloud computing to facilitate conversations and network learning. The goal is for students to develop personal learning networks and digital literacy skills to succeed in an information-rich world.
The document discusses the transformation of the Claremont Colleges Library. It notes the decline in print subscriptions from 2004-2009 and rise in online access during the same period. It proposes that if starting a library today, the focus would be on supporting student and faculty work through collaboration and improving discovery, management, and promotion of resources. Cylinders of excellence could include special collections, assessment, and demonstrating the library's value through outcomes.
Digital libraries of the future will use semantic web and social bookmarking technologies to support e-learning. Semantic digital libraries integrate information from different metadata sources to provide more robust search and browsing interfaces. They describe resources in a machine-understandable way using ontologies and expose semantics to enable interoperability between systems. This allows new search paradigms like ontology-based search and helps integrate metadata from different sources.
Digital Libraries of the Future: Use of Semantic Web and Social Bookmarking t...Sebastian Ryszard Kruk
The document discusses using semantic web technologies and social bookmarking to build social semantic digital libraries to support e-learning. It outlines how semantic digital libraries can integrate information from different metadata sources and provide interoperability. It then describes the JeromeDL digital library system, which uses semantic web and social networking technologies to enhance interoperability and usability, including its architecture, ontologies used, and social and semantic services.
The document discusses the Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship (FORCE11), a grassroots organization aimed at accelerating scholarly communications through technology, education, and community. FORCE11 was founded in 2011 in Germany and aims to modernize scholarly publishing using new forms of publication, markup, and reward systems. It acts as a platform bringing together diverse stakeholders to discuss issues and work on shared goals like data citation principles. The organization sees a future where knowledge is openly networked and scholarly objects are more diverse and linked.
FORCE11: Future of Research Communications and e-ScholarshipMaryann Martone
FORCE11 is a grassroots organization that aims to accelerate scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education, and community engagement. It was founded in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany and is open to anyone with a stake in modernizing scholarly communication. FORCE11 envisions a future where scholarly information is part of an open, universal network and new forms of publication are created to take advantage of this. However, the current scholarly publishing system is inefficient and fragmented. FORCE11 works to address this by developing new authoring, publishing, and reward systems that incentivize open sharing and reuse of scholarly artifacts online.
This document summarizes key points from a discussion on open and closed systems of knowledge sharing. It describes Michael Nielsen and his work promoting open science. It also discusses Wikipedia and the Mathworks as examples of open source development models and compares their approaches. Additional topics covered include defining common good, reaching consensus, the OEIS database, and applying deliberative democracy principles to issues like biobanking policy.
The document discusses open and closed systems of knowledge sharing. It covers topics like Wikipedia, open source software, common goods, and deliberative democracy. Various examples are provided of open systems like Wikipedia, the OEIS database, and ProPublica's policy of allowing republishing of its stories. Challenges of open systems include reaching consensus and maintaining quality without objective metrics. The benefits include greater collaboration and integration of diverse ideas.
The Promise of Authority in Social Scholarshiplcohen
The document discusses the changing nature of scholarly authority and publishing in an increasingly social and participatory digital environment. It defines social scholarship as using networked social tools to publish and interact with scholarly output. Parameters of social scholarship include things like comments, reviews, bookmarks and ratings. Soft peer review can build authority through implicit and explicit social interactions with published work. New metrics of authority are emerging that incorporate social metadata around usage and conversation. This leads to new models of hybrid peer review and open access journal communities that blend traditional review with informal open review processes.
This document summarizes a presentation about rethinking learning resources and open educational resources (OER). The presentation discusses the benefits of openness, including giving legal control over resources to customize, localize, and remix them. It also notes that open resources improve learning by allowing customization and provide opportunities for authentic learning activities like peer review and collaboration. The presentation argues that open resources demonstrate institutions' service mission and can help partnerships between institutions to create sustainable OER solutions.
This is not my work. It is by David W. Lewis from the Annual RLG Partnership Meeting in Chicago, IL, on June 10, 2010. With his permission, I am synchronizing the audio provided by OCLC with the slides. (Note: the source audio was distorted.)
Public version of presentation proposing research project to look at libraries/ librarians ' role in relation to Open Educational Resources.
[this version edited to remove some context]
PLoS - Why It is a Model to be EmulatedPhilip Bourne
The document discusses the Public Library of Science (PLoS) and why it is a model for open access scientific publishing. PLoS was founded to make scientific literature openly accessible. It publishes several open access journals, including PLoS Biology, PLoS Medicine, and PLoS ONE, a "mega journal" that publishes scientifically sound research from any field. PLoS aims to drive change in publishing towards open access models and make science more comprehensible. It uses many web tools and operates using a liberal open license to encourage sharing of research.
The document summarizes research on using wikis for peer review in a science classroom. It describes a study where students participated in a wiki-based peer review lesson and survey. The results showed that the lesson improved students' opinions of peer review, especially when guidelines were followed. However, it did not broadly change their views. Limitations included a small sample size and lack of repetition in different contexts. Wikis were found to enable constructive, reflective, scaffolding and collaborative learning.
Purpose:
- To introduce you to the need to properly research topics using online resources (although ‘Google’ is now a verb, it isn’t research)
- To equip you with the tools to critically evaluate research found online
- To enable your professional growth as a lifelong learner
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:
- Perform complex searches using Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia and other tools
- Outline the benefits of bookmarking and research tools such as Delicio.us, Digg, and Stumbleupon, and use these tools
- Evaluate research found online for quality
- Properly cite and record online research when you find it using tools such as Evernote or OneNote
How much can you say in one sentence? Useful Science Keynote Address at ComSc...Useful Science
ComSciCon is a series of workshops on science communication led and attended by graduate students. From April 12th-13th, Useful Science Director Maryse Thomas joined students at ComSciCon Pacific Northwest 2019 in Seattle and delivered the keynote address, encouraging students to take the plunge and kickstart their own sci-comm initiatives.
This document discusses the role of open access and open educational resources in distance education. It begins by introducing the open access spectrum, including open content, publishing, data, and educational resources. It then covers the open access debate around issues like funding models and researcher resistance. Examples of open access initiatives at IDS are provided. Survey responses from libraries indicate variable support for open access, with some producing open journals or training staff and students. The conclusion discusses advantages of open access for reaching global and distance students and the need for libraries, IT, and academics to work together to build awareness and make resources available through open access.
This document is Terry Anderson's CV presented as a Wordle tag cloud. It discusses Anderson's views on distance education, including that education must improve quality and appeal while empowering student control. It advocates boundless access to open educational resources, connections, and learning opportunities using technologies like open courses and open access journals. However, it notes opportunities also exist to waste time or harm privacy, and boundaries may be needed to manage information and guide productive use. Overall, the document emphasizes embracing open, online opportunities to improve and reform education through open scholarship and networks.
This is an update of an earlier presentation so is part repeat, but reflects my own growing in understanding of open scholarship over the last year or so.
Scholarly Communication: A Changing Landscape, An OA Week 2011 WebinarMolly Keener
This document summarizes a presentation about changes in scholarly communication landscapes. It discusses how access to information is changing due to reactions to traditional control models and enabled by new technologies. Open access and open data movements aim to make scholarly works openly accessible and reusable. Institutions are establishing open access policies and repositories. Individuals need to understand copyright and negotiate rights to balance openness with traditional publishing. Librarians can facilitate change by educating faculty and supporting new models of scholarly communication.
This document summarizes a presentation about the Open Access Button. It discusses what the Open Access Button is and how it works to help users find open access versions of paywalled scholarly articles. It also discusses the costs of the current scholarly publishing system and how access restrictions limit the spread of knowledge. The presentation calls on listeners to help promote the Open Access Button on their campuses and use data from the Button to advocate for more open access to research.
Similar to Library Collaborations: Why and How (20)
Este documento analiza el modelo de negocio de YouTube. Explica que YouTube y otros sitios de video online representan un nuevo modelo de negocio para contenidos audiovisuales debido al cambio en los hábitos de consumo causado por las nuevas tecnologías. Describe cómo YouTube aprovecha la participación de los usuarios para mejorar continuamente y atraer una audiencia diferente a la de los medios tradicionales.
The defense was successful in portraying Michael Jackson favorably to the jury in several ways:
1) They dressed Jackson in ornate costumes that conveyed images of purity, innocence, and humility.
2) Jackson was shown entering the courtroom as if on a red carpet, emphasizing his celebrity status.
3) Jackson appeared vulnerable, childlike, and in declining health during the trial, eliciting sympathy from jurors.
4) Defense attorney Tom Mesereau effectively presented a coherent narrative of Jackson as a victim and portrayed Neverland as a place of refuge, undermining the prosecution's arguments.
Michael Jackson was born in 1958 in Gary, Indiana and rose to fame in the 1960s as the lead singer of The Jackson 5, topping music charts in the 1970s. As a solo artist in the 1980s, his album Thriller broke music records. In the 1990s and 2000s, Jackson faced several legal issues related to child abuse allegations while continuing to release music. He married Lisa Marie Presley and Debbie Rowe and had two children before his death in 2009.
Popular Reading Last Updated April 1, 2010 Adams, Lorraine The ...butest
This document appears to be a list of popular books from various authors. It includes over 150 book titles across many genres such as fiction, non-fiction, memoirs, and novels. The books cover a wide range of topics from politics to cooking to autobiographies.
The prosecution lost the Michael Jackson trial due to several key mistakes and weaknesses in their case:
1) The lead prosecutor, Thomas Sneddon, was too personally invested in the case against Jackson, having pursued him for over a decade without success.
2) Sneddon's opening statement was disorganized and weak, failing to effectively outline the prosecution's case.
3) The accuser's mother was not credible and damaged the prosecution's case through her erratic testimony, history of lies and con artist behavior.
4) Many prosecution witnesses were not credible due to prior lawsuits against Jackson, debts owed to him, or having been fired by him. Several witnesses even took the Fifth Amendment.
Here are three examples of public relations from around the world:
1. The UK government's "Be Clear on Cancer" campaign which aims to raise awareness of cancer symptoms and encourage early diagnosis.
2. Samsung's global brand marketing and sponsorship activities which aim to increase brand awareness and favorability of Samsung products worldwide.
3. The Brazilian government's efforts to improve its international image and relations with other countries through strategic communication and diplomacy.
The three most important functions of public relations are:
1. Media relations because the media is how most organizations reach their key audiences. Strong media relationships are crucial.
2. Writing, because written communication is at the core of public relations and how most information is
Michael Jackson Please Wait... provides biographical information about Michael Jackson including his birthdate, birthplace, parents, height, interests, idols, favorite foods, films, and more. It discusses his background, career highlights including influential albums like Thriller, and films he appeared in such as The Wiz and Moonwalker. The document contains photos and details about Jackson's life and illustrious music career.
The MYnstrel Free Press Volume 2: Economic Struggles, Meet Jazzbutest
The document discusses the process of manufacturing celebrity and its negative byproducts. It argues that celebrities are rarely the best in their individual pursuits like singing, dancing, etc. but become famous due to being products of a system controlled by wealthy elites. This system stifles opportunities for worthy artists and creates feudalism. The document also asserts that manufactured celebrities should not be viewed as role models due to behaviors like drug abuse and narcissism that result from the celebrity-making process.
Michael Jackson was a child star who rose to fame with the Jackson 5 in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As a solo artist in the 1970s and 1980s, he had immense commercial success with albums like Off the Wall, Thriller, and Bad, which featured hit singles and groundbreaking music videos. However, his career and public image were plagued by controversies related to allegations of child sexual abuse in the 1990s and 2000s. He continued recording and performing but faced ongoing media scrutiny into his private life until his death in 2009.
Social Networks: Twitter Facebook SL - Slide 1butest
The document discusses using social networking tools like Twitter and Facebook in K-12 education. Twitter allows students and teachers to share short updates and can be used to give parents a window into classroom activities. Facebook allows targeted advertising that could be used to promote educational activities. Both tools could help facilitate communication between schools and communities if used properly while managing privacy and security concerns.
Facebook has over 300 million active users who log on daily, and allows brands to create public profile pages to interact with users. Pages are for brands and organizations only, while groups can be made by any user about any topic. Pages do not show admin names and have no limits on fans, while groups display admin names and are limited to 5,000 members. Content on pages should aim to provoke action from subscribers and establish a regular posting schedule using a conversational tone.
Executive Summary Hare Chevrolet is a General Motors dealership ...butest
Hare Chevrolet is a car dealership located in Noblesville, Indiana that has successfully used social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube to create a positive brand image. They invest significant time interacting directly with customers online to foster a sense of community rather than overtly advertising. As a result, Hare Chevrolet has built a large, engaged audience on social media and serves as a model for how brands can use online presences strategically.
Welcome to the Dougherty County Public Library's Facebook and ...butest
This document provides instructions for signing up for Facebook and Twitter accounts. It outlines the sign up process for both platforms, including filling out forms with name, email, password and other details. It describes how the platforms will then search for friends and suggest people to connect with. It also explains how to search for and follow the Dougherty County Public Library page on both Facebook and Twitter once signed up. The document concludes by thanking participants and providing a contact for any additional questions.
Paragon Software announces the release of Paragon NTFS for Mac OS X 8.0, which provides full read and write access to NTFS partitions on Macs. It is the fastest NTFS driver on the market, achieving speeds comparable to native Mac file systems. Paragon NTFS for Mac 8.0 fully supports the latest Mac OS X Snow Leopard operating system in 64-bit mode and allows easy transfer of files between Windows and Mac partitions without additional hardware or software.
This document provides compatibility information for Olympus digital products used with Macintosh OS X. It lists various digital cameras, photo printers, voice recorders, and accessories along with their connection type and any notes on compatibility. Some products require booting into OS 9.1 for software compatibility or do not support devices that need a serial port. Drivers and software are available for download from Olympus and other websites for many products to enable use with OS X.
To use printers managed by the university's Information Technology Services (ITS), students and faculty must install the ITS Remote Printing software on their Mac OS X computer. This allows them to add network printers, log in with their ITS account credentials, and print documents while being charged per page to funds in their pre-paid ITS account. The document provides step-by-step instructions for installing the software, adding a network printer, and printing to that printer from any internet connection on or off campus. It also explains the pay-in-advance printing payment system and how to check printing charges.
The document provides an overview of the Mac OS X user interface for beginners, including descriptions of the desktop, login screen, desktop elements like the dock and hard disk, and how to perform common tasks like opening files and folders. It also addresses frequently asked questions for Windows users switching to Mac OS X, such as where documents are stored, how to save or find documents, and what the equivalent of the C: drive is in Mac OS X. The document concludes with sections on file management tasks like creating and deleting folders, organizing files within applications, using Spotlight search, and an overview of the Dashboard feature.
This document provides a checklist for securing Mac OS X version 10.5, focusing on hardening the operating system, securing user accounts and administrator accounts, enabling file encryption and permissions, implementing intrusion detection, and maintaining password security. It describes the Unix infrastructure and security framework that Mac OS X is built on, leveraging open source software and following the Common Data Security Architecture model. The checklist can be used to audit a system or harden it against security threats.
This document summarizes a course on web design that was piloted in the summer of 2003. The course was a 3 credit course that met 4 times a week for lectures and labs. It covered topics such as XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, Photoshop, and building a basic website. 18 students from various majors enrolled. Student and instructor evaluations found the course to be very successful overall, though some improvements were suggested like ensuring proper software and pairing programming/non-programming students. The document also discusses implications of incorporating web design material into existing computer science curriculums.
2. Agenda Definitions My Sources Depressing Opening Quote Prologue: Winning at Prisoner’s Dilemma Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century Sustaining Changes Disruptive Changes ChaCha Free! Better Than Free Story 1 and Story 2 Rant Governing the Commons Learning from Open Source The Cooperation Revolution Final Optimistic Quote Our Task
3. col·lab·o·rate Pronunciation: ə-ˈla-bə-ˌrātbr />Etymology: Late Latin collaboratus, past participle of collaborare to labor together, from Latin com- + laborare to labor to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one's country and especially an occupying force to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected co·op·er·ate Pronunciation: ō-ˈä-pə-ˌrātbr />Etymology: Late Latin cooperatus, past participle of cooperari, from Latin co- + operari to work — more at 1. to act or work with another or others : act together or in compliance 2. to associate with another or others for mutual benefit http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
4. Robert Axelrod The Evolution of Cooperation Basic Books, 1984 Revised edition, 2006 Elinor Ostrom Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action Cambridge University Press, 1990
5. Clayton M. Christensen Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail Harvard Business School Press, 1997 Revised edition, 2003 Steven Weber The Success of Open Source Harvard University Press, 2004
6. Clay Shirky Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations Penguin Press, 2008
7. Opening Quote from Shirky “New technology makes new things possible: put another way, when new technology appears, previously impossible things start occurring. If enough of those impossible things are important and happen in a bundle, quickly, the change becomes a revolution.” “The hallmark of revolution is that the goals of the revolution cannot be contained by the institutional structure of existing society. As a result, either the revolutionaries are put down, or some of those institutions are altered, replaced, or destroyed.”
8. Opening Quote from Shirky “Many institutions we rely on today will not survive this change without significant alteration, and the more an institution or industry relies on information as its core product, the greater and more complete the change will be.” page 107
9. Prologue: Winning at Prisoner’s Dilemma Axelrod’s Question: “Under what conditions will cooperation emerge in a world of egoists without central authority?” page 3
11. Prologue: Winning at Prisoner’s Dilemma Axelrod ran several iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma tournaments for computer programs The winning program was TIT FOR TAT TIT FOR TAT’s Strategy: 1. Begin with cooperation 2. Respond to cooperation with cooperation 3. Respond to defection with defection TIT FOR TAT rarely won individual games, but was the best at eliciting cooperation from other programs and so won the tournaments
12. Prologue: Life Lessons from TIT FOR TAT Don’t be envious — the success of others is a prerequisite for your own success Don’t be the first to defect — cooperate as long as you get cooperation in return Reciprocate both cooperation and defection — not forgiving and forgiving to easily can both be costly Don’t be too clever — being incomprehensible is dangerous, to encourage cooperation you need to make it easy for others to see your intentions
13. Prologue: Final Word from Axelrod Enlarge the shadow of the future. “No form of cooperation is stable when the future in not important enough relative to the present.” page 129
14. Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century Complete the migration from print to electronic collections Retire legacy print collections Redevelop library space Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content David W. Lewis, “A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century,” College & Research Libraries September 2007 available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/1592
15. Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century Complete the migration from print to electronic collections Retire legacy print collections Redevelop library space We know how to do the first three things We can do then by ourselves or with established partners The change is sustaining, not disruptive
16. Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content Likely to involve disruptive change Good chance that the best solutions will be at the network, not the campus, level — the question of scale We will need to find and collaborate with new partners
17. Disruptive Change From Christensen Different value proposition — usually easier, faster, and cheaper Initially unappealing to high-end users because of limited functionality, but appeals to unsophisticated or new users for whom it is good enough New value proposition allows quality and functionality to develop more quickly than old approaches Wikipedia versus Encyclopedia Britannica Google Scholar versus traditional indexes
18. Questions of Scale Where are the economies of scale in operations? Where for innovation? Individuals can use the network (the “cloud”) to do their work without institutionally based infrastructure Neither libraries, nor their campuses, nor even collections of libraries or campuses are likely to be able to successfully compete with: Google to search the Web Google or YouTube to create collections of content Amazon for information on books Wikipedia as a source of quick answers
19. New Partners Traditional partners and alliances will not be sufficient Need to find ways to work with the network level providers They will not want to deal with individual libraries We can not create new forms of scholarly communication from within our current silos
20. Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content
21. “My experience with librarians, at least in scientific university libraries (I’m a scientist) is that they are basically incapable of anything beyond using the keywords in their database.” “Wikipedia is becoming the reference desk, because it actually provides lists of relevant materials instead of dropping users in front of databases.” — Chronicle of Higher Education, Wired Campus BLOG, June 27, 2007
22. “Nature Precedings is a free service from NPG that provides a way for researchers to share preliminary findings, solicit community feedback, and claim priority over discoveries. By promoting the rapid and open exchange of scientific information, the site ultimately aims to help accelerate the pace of discovery.” — Press Release from the Nature Publishing Group, June 8, 2007
23. “Scientists Get a YouTube of Their Own. The National Science Foundation, the Public Library of Science, and the San Diego Supercomputing Center are hoping that their new Web site — billed as a YouTube for scientists — will help demystify important research papers. The site, called SciVee, will allow scientists to upload highly technical papers. But it will also let the researchers post accompanying video presentations that serve as quicker, more approachable guides to their work.” Chronicle of Higher Education, Wired Campus BLOG, August 22, 2007
24. “By searching with a Guide your query is sent to a real person who is skilled at finding information on the Internet and knowledgeable on the subject at hand so that you get the few exact results you want, not the millions of results you don't. ChaCha only provides quality, human approved results. The more you use ChaCha, the smarter and faster ChaCha becomes! Because ChaCha saves, rates, and updates all the answers that are hand-picked by our Guides. ChaCha's intelligent Guide application learns from every search so our Guides know where to look to find information for you quickly.”
25. IU and ChaCha partner to create first of its kind academic search service Alliance to leverage IU’s knowledge assets and ChaCha’s innovative human-guided search technology FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Aug. 2, 2007 INDIANAPOLIS -- Indiana University President Michael A. McRobbie and Scott A. Jones, co-founder and chief executive officer of ChaCha, an Indiana company that is creating a new and more focused way of providing Internet searches, today (Aug. 2) announced they have entered into a strategic alliance for research, development and services for the next generation of Internet search tools and practices. This new partnership will incorporate the collective knowledge and experience of the university's library and information technology staff into ChaCha's new search engine architecture, which combines a sophisticated machine-based search with skilled human guides who can quickly bring focus and precision to the search product... It will enable IU and ChaCha to develop a better understanding of how guided search can best serve the complex needs of students, faculty and academic researchers… By combining machine-based searches with input from human guides, ChaCha is able to offer users the ability to receive instant results, just like a traditional search engine, but the guides help the user focus on relevant information and eliminate unwanted material… IU librarians, information technology staff and others will serve as guides, available to help the IU community conduct searches through a live instant message chat interface, identify exactly what information the user is seeking, refine the search for the user and then display only the most relevant results.
27. Lessons (so far) from IU/ChaCha Partnership We had hope to get access to technology to manage a knowledge base and chat interactions Network level services don’t scale down easily IU’s need to control access was problematic — Straddling the open content/proprietary content boundary is problematic Working with an early stage start-up company is interesting — They are not like us Short term focus Move quickly People change rolls and come and go
28. Lessons (so far) from IU/ChaCha Partnership Internal collaboration with computing organization has developed The university is thinking about search and responding to user queries in a different way We care about mobile answers, but… ChaCha is still developing technology to support the people answering questions — this could prove useful We are rethinking how the project should work
29. Collaboration to Reposition Expertise and Resources Many resources and services will move to the network level with disruptive technologies and new service models — most will be open Individual libraries will have an increasingly hard time competing Libraries have minimal capacity to innovate at the required scale Libraries have minimal capacity to change their existing service models
30. Chris Anderson, “Free! Why $0.00 Is the Future of Business,” Wired Magazine 16.03 http://www.wired.com/wired/issue/16-03/
31. Movie is at: http://www.wired.com/wired/issue/16-03/
32. Better Than Free “When copies are free, you need to sell things which can not be copied. Well, what can't be copied? There are a number of qualities that can't be copied. Consider "trust." Trust cannot be copied. You can't purchase it. Trust must be earned, over time. It cannot be downloaded. Or faked. Or counterfeited (at least for long). If everything else is equal, you'll always prefer to deal with someone you can trust. So trust is an intangible that has increasing value in a copy saturated world.” Kevin Kelly, “Better Than Free,” The Technium http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/01/better_than_fre.php
33. Eight Generatives Better Than Free “Immediacy -- Sooner or later you can find a free copy of whatever you want, but getting a copy delivered to your inbox the moment it is released -- or even better, produced -- by its creators is a generative asset.” “Personalization -- A generic version of a concert recording may be free, but if you want a copy that has been tweaked to sound perfect in your particular living room -- as if it were preformed in your room -- you may be willing to pay a lot.” “Interpretation -- As the old joke goes: software, free. The manual, $10,000. But it's no joke. A couple of high profile companies, like Red Hat, Apache, and others make their living doing exactly that.”
34. Eight Generatives Better Than Free “Authenticity -- You might be able to grab a key software application for free, but even if you don't need a manual, you might like to be sure it is bug free, reliable, and warranted. You'll pay for authenticity.” “Accessibility -- Ownership often sucks. You have to keep your things tidy, up-to-date, and in the case of digital material, backed up. And in this mobile world, you have to carry it along with you. Many people, me included, will be happy to have others tend our "possessions" by subscribing to them.” “Embodiment -- At its core the digital copy is without a body. You can take a free copy of a work and throw it on a screen. But perhaps you'd like to see it in hi-res on a huge screen? Maybe in 3D? PDFs are fine, but sometimes it is delicious to have the same words printed on bright white cottony paper, bound in leather.”
35. Eight Generatives Better Than Free “Patronage -- It is my belief that audiences WANT to pay creators. Fans like to reward artists, musicians, authors and the like with the tokens of their appreciation, because it allows them to connect. But they will only pay if it is very easy to do, a reasonable amount, and they feel certain the money will directly benefit the creators.” “Findability -- Where as the previous generative qualities reside within creative digital works, findability is an asset that occurs at a higher level in the aggregate of many works. A zero price does not help direct attention to a work, and in fact may sometimes hinder it. But no matter what its price, a work has no value unless it is seen; unfound masterpieces are worthless. When there are millions of books, millions of songs, millions of films, millions of applications, millions of everything requesting our attention -- and most of it free -- being found is valuable.”
36. How Will Academic Libraries Do? Immediacy— Can’t compete, will move to the network level Personalization— Can’t compete, will move to the network level Interpretation— Maybe if we develop deep relationships Authenticity— Maybe if we can maintain the library brand Accessibility— Maybe, but will require changes in faculty behavior Embodiment— Maybe since we have physical items Patronage— Only at the margins Findability— Can’t compete, has already moved to the network level
37. Collaboration to Move from Purchasing Materials to Curating Content Digitizing print-based content Capturing and preserving born digital content
40. Collaboration to Move from Purchasing Materials to Curating Content Open Access will succeed The structure of scholarly communication will change Users will be less dependent on local library collections Libraries will not have to purchase as much content We will be free to invest digital projects for our campuses
41. Or Not, the Rant “We need to begin with a fundamental fact — the cost of scholarly journals has increased at 10% per year for the last three decades. This is over six times the rate of general inflation and over two and a half times the rate of increase of the cost of health care. Between 1975 and 2005 the average cost of journals in chemistry and physics rose from $76.84 to $1,879.56. In the same period, the cost of a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline rose from 55 cents to $1.82. If the gallon of gas had increased in price at the same rate as chemistry and physics journals over this period it would have reached $12.43 in 2005, and would be over $14.50 today.” David W. Lewis, “Library Budgets, Open Access, and the Future of Scholarly Communication,” Forthcoming in the May issue of C&RL News
42. Need to change the way scholarship is done or journal cost will continue to sap our resources Need to move from Proprietary Scholarship to Open Scholarship Opportunity costs of not doing so are very high
43. Governing the Commons Ostrom looks at self governing systems for managing common-pool resources (CPR) — for example, water or fishing rights Open Scholarly Commons is different The good provided is non-rival Appropriation of the resource is not a significant problem Provision of the good has both public good and CPR aspects Our problem will be on the provision side — How do we create the resource?
44. Governing the Commons Provision of the Open Scholarly Commons requires two things Infrastructure Scholars prepared to use the infrastructure Infrastructure is a public good which can be provided at a variety of levels from national to individual institutions There will be free riders — This is OK Vested interests will fight to stop or slow developments, especially at the national level This is the easy part
45. Governing the Commons Scholar’s decisions The work, and how it is put into the system, has both public and private benefits How do we rebalance how these benefits are exercised? Do institutions exert their rights to manage public benefits? Do scholars exert their rights to private benefits more responsibly? What are the incentives? Need to changes the norms that drive practice This is the hard problem
46. Learning from Open Source From Weber “I explain the creation of a particular kind of software—open source software—as an experiment in social organization around a distinctive notion of property. The conventional notion of property is, of course, the right to exclude you from using something that belongs to me. Property in open source is configured fundamentally around the right to distribute, not the right to exclude.” page 1 This makes large scale non-hierarchical cooperation is possible
47. Learning from Open Source Change the way scholarship, as property, functions — the right to distribute not to exclude Creative Commons licenses NIH or Harvard mandates Scholarship, like open source software, is not simply a nonrival — it is antirival Nonrival — Use does not diminish the good Antirival — Use enhances the value of the good “Open source turns what would have been called free riders into contributor to a collective good.” page 216
48. Learning from Open Source “Open source developers perceive themselves as trading many copies of their own (single) innovation for many single copies of others’ innovations.” page 159 Scholars don’t generally see the trade this way Rather access to other’s innovation is perceived as a right that they are owed by their institution Delivering this perceived right is the library’s problem We need to change the way this “bargain” is viewed
49. Learning from Open Source From Shirky — Open Systems are successful because they: Lower the cost of failure, but not the likelihood of failure — this provides the means to explore multiple possibilities and increases the likelihood of finding successful solutions Do not create a bias in favor of predictable but substandard outcomes Make it simple to integrate the contributions of people who contribute only one good idea page 245
50. The Cooperation Revolution From Shirky “The centrality of group effort to human life means that anything that changes the way groups function will have profound ramifications for everything from commerce and government to media and religion.” page 17 “We are living in the middle of a remarkable increase in our ability to share, to cooperate with one another, and to take collective action, all outside the framework of traditional institutions and organizations.” page 21
51. The Cooperation Revolution “The difficulties that kept self-assembled groups from working together are shrinking, meaning that the number and kind of things groups can get done without financial motivation or managerial oversight are growing. The current change in one sentence is: most of the barriers to group action have collapsed, and without those barriers, we are free to explore new ways of gathering together and getting things done.” Page 22
52. The Cooperation Revolution Mass Amateurization — Large Scale Sharing “An individual with a camera or a keyboard is now a non-profit of one, and self-publishing is now the normal case… This technological story is like literacy, wherein a particular capacity moves from a group of professionals to become embedded within the society itself, ubiquitously, available to a majority of citizens.” pages 77-78 Publish then Filter — Mass amateurization of publishing requires mass amateurization of filtering
53. The Cooperation Revolution “When a profession has been created as a result of some scarcity, as with librarians or television programmers, the professionals are often the last ones to see it when that scarcity goes away. It is easier to understand that you face competition than obsolescence.” pages 58-59 Are we like the scribes?
54. The Cooperation Revolution Successful social tools require three things: A plausible promise — attracts users An effective tool — makes community possible An acceptable bargain — creates community How do we create a set of social tools that create Open Scholarship? The hard part is the plausible promise and the acceptable bargain
55. Final Quote From Shirky “Emblematic of the dilemmas created by group life, the phrase “free-for-all” does not literally mean free for all but rather chaos. Too much freedom, with too little management, has generally been a recipe for a free-for-all. Now, however, it isn’t. With the right kinds of collaborative tools and the right sort of bargain with users, it is possible to get a large group working on a project that is free for all.” page 253
56. Our Task Create the tools and communities for open scholarship so knowledge can be abundant in our communities Peter Senge — The world’s knowledge belongs to the world This can only be the product of cooperation and collaboration.