This document summarizes a webinar on teaching transgender history. It discusses the structure and schedule of the webinar series. It emphasizes that the webinars provide a safe space and distinguish between teaching history versus advocating. There is a quick review of past webinar topics and a discussion on characterizing historical figures' gender identities. The document also outlines transgender vocabulary, key leaders and events in transgender history, and relevant California laws.

1. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Webinar 5:
Transgender History
“Teaching LGBT History in Schools”
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.
July 2018
www.RobDarrow.us

2. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Webinar Structure
• Lecture / Discussion about Topic
• Interactive Activity
• Final Word from participants
• Assignment related time at end (not
recorded)

3. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Webinar Schedule
• Next Week: Class Presentations.
• July 17: Presentations –
Invite your friends and family!

4. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
This is a Safe Space

5. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Remember: Difference
between
➢ Teaching LGBT history
➢ Advocating a lifestyle
➢ Promoting a religion
Note: Teachers have taught about Puritanism or
Muslim for years in history courses, but we don’t
promote it

6. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Quick Review
• Intro – Discussed U.S. history time periods and
LGBT history
• Social Movements – Discussed how the LGBT rights
movement fits with all other social rights movements
in history (e.g. civil rights, Latinx rights, #MeToo,
etc.)
• Harlem Renaissance (1920s) increased LGBT rights,
while the Lavender Scare (1950s) decreased LGBT
rights.
• Laws and Amendments increase LGBT Rights – 14th
Amendment
– 1950 – One v. Olesen
– 2003 – Lawrence v. Kansas
– 2008 – Schroer v. Billington (Trans rights)

7. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Some key historical
statements and
questions
• Evidence indicates that…
• If [some person] was alive today would
he/she/they identify as gay, lesbian,
bisexual or transgender?
• If ??? were alive today would she have
identified as ?????

8. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Question to Discuss:
• In talking about LGBT people in the past
such as Langston Hughes, Jane Addams,
Charley Parkhurst or Zora Neale Hurston,
how would you characterize or discuss
their gender and/or sexual orientation
when you teach lessons about them in
your classroom?

9. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
A little info
about gender…
• History has largely been told as a
gender binary – male-female;
And male-female is based on anatomy.
• Culture, textbooks and advertising
• Students may need some background
info about gender, prior to talking about
transgender history

10. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Thinking about culture and history…
What other examples are there of the
gender binary?
What perpetuates this belief in our schools?
• Boy-Girl
• Toys – pink and blue
aisle in stores
• Bathrooms
• Family chores (outside-
men; inside; women)
• Young adult books:
strong female character –
signs marketing to girls
vs. marketing to boys.
• Female protagonist in
books and photos
• Portrayal in movies
• “Slut shaming” of girls;
• Active sports-boy;
sedentary-girl.
• Clothing
• Height – taller, bigger is
masculine; petite more
feminine
• Emotions: women more
attachment/affection vs.
men stoic and aloof in
relationships
• Dress code enforcement:
girls vs. boys. Seem
more infraction for girls.

11. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018

12. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Transgender Vocabulary
• Assigned Gender:
– The gender a baby is given upon birth, usually based on the child’s
birth sex.
• Gender Identity:
– How we feel about our gender in our hearts and minds.
• Gender Expression/Gender Presentation:
– How we show our gender to the world through external choices
(e.g. dress, behavior, hairstyle).
• Cisgender:
– Describes a person whose birth sex and gender identity align.
• Transgender (NOT “transgendered”):
– Describes anyone whose gender identity and birth sex do not
align.
• Genderqueer or Gender Non Conforming:
– Broad term many people use to indicate a person does not identify
as either male or female.
• GLAAD Media Guide: https://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender
• Gender Spectrum: https://www.genderspectrum.org/quick-
links/understanding-gender/

13. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
A little history:
LGBTQ Terms and Years
Generally Used
• L = Lesbian (1732)
• G = Gay (1955)
• B = Bisexual (1960)
• T = Transgender (1990)
• Q = Queer / Questioning (1894, 1990)

14. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Stryker (Transgender
History Book)
and
Waves of Feminism
• 1800s/Early 1900s: First wave = dress
reform
• 1960s: Second wave = reproductive
rights, equal pay, etc.
• 1990s: Third wave = sex positive and
equal rights; intersectionalism, trans
inclusive.

15. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Transgender Rights /
History
• A separate academic area
• Part of LGBT but also its own social
movement (some issues similar, some
different)
• Yearly Trans* Studies Conference
• Transgender * Studies Quarterly (TSQ).
Editor: Susan Stryker
• Transgender* Studies Major (U of Arizona)

16. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Timeline of Events

17. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
What are the elements of a
Social Movement?
• Organizing group

18. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018

19. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
A few Trans Leaders
• * Sylvia Rivera
– Stonewall Activist (1969 and 1970s)
• * Marsha P. Johnson
– Stonewall Activist (1969 and 1970s)
• Susan Stryker
– Historian (1990 and beyond).
• Bill Thom, Lambda Legal (1972).
– Had to take the development of this organization to court in NY.
• Dallas Denny
– Chrysalis Publication
• Sandy Stone
– Professor and Activist. Wrote the “The Empire Strikes Back:
A Posttransexual Manifesto.” (1993)
* Part of CA History Social Science Framework

20. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
A few Trans Events
• 1959 (LA) – Cooper’s Donuts Riots
• 1966 (SF) - Compton’s Cafeteria Riots
• * 1969 (NY) - Stonewall Riots
• 1991 - Michigan Womyn’s Festival
• 1992 (Houston) - International
Conference on Transgender Law and
Employment Policy
* Part of CA History Social Science Framework

21. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
1966: Compton’s
Cafeteria Riots
• One day in August 1966
(Three years before Stonewall)
• Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco
(Taylor and Turk Streets)
• Late night hang out for drag queens
and trans women and other members
of LGBTQ community

22. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
1966: Compton’s
Cafeteria Riots
• Cross dressing was illegal
• Trans people not welcome in gay bars
• Compton’s Cafeteria the one place drag queens
and trans people could hang out
• Police would visit nightly and arrest or harass the
drag queens
• One person threw a hot cup of coffee on a police
officer one day in August. Riot.
• Compton’s Cafeteria closed down.
• Nothing reported in any newspaper.

23. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
1966: Compton’s
Cafeteria Riots
Aftermath
• Glide Memorial Church housed many
queer runaways and homeless youth
• Formed a group called “Vanguard”
• Vanguard held political nonviolent
demonstrations in reaction to Compton’s
Cafeteria Riots
• Change in police procedures
• Eventual memorial marker in SF

24. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
1966: Compton’s
Cafeteria Riots
Discovery
• Guess who discovered the story of
the Compton’s Cafeteria Riots?
– An article discovered in 1992.
– Movie in 2005.

25. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Transgender Rights
Court Cases
• 2008: Schroer v. Billington. (U.S. District Court,
Washington, D.C.).
– The Library of Congress discriminated against a
transgender woman by rescinding a job offer.
• 2011: Glenn v. Brumby (Eleventh Circuit Court of
Appeals, Georgia).
– Georgia’s legislative counsel’s office discriminated
against a transgender woman.
• 2012: Macy v. Holder (Complaint with the U.S. Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Arizona).
– The federal bureau of tobacco and firearms
discriminated against a transgender woman as part of a
job offer.
* ALL of these events are part of CA History Social
Science Framework

26. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Court Case to
watch:
Gavin Grimm
• G.G. vs. Gloucester County School Board (Virginia).
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.
– 2014: Gavin Grimm, a Virginia High School student,
sophomore, age 15. Transitioned to male. Wanted to use the
male restroom. School board said no.
– 2014: Lawsuit argues the bathroom policy is
unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment and
violates Title IX of the U.S. Education Amendments of 1972.
District court denied claim.
– 2015: U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit overturned
decision based on Department of Education Guidance
regarding transgender students. School Board appeals to
Supreme Court. Supreme Court agrees to hear case.

27. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Court Case:
Gavin Grimm
• G.G. vs. Gloucester County School Board
(Virginia). U.S. District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia.
– 2016: Trump Administration rescinds transgender
student guidance. Supreme Court sends case
back to U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
– 2017: Gavin graduated from high school – still not
allowed to use male restroom. Case is amended –
Board violated his rights and wants nominal
damages.
– 2018: U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of
Virginia: Title IX – was discriminated against
because of his gender.
– 2018: Gloucester School Board appealing
decision which may end up in the Supreme Court

28. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
California Laws
(see handout, “MatrixLawsPolicies”)
• 2018 – “NonBinary” designation on
Driver’s Licenses and Birth Certificates
• 2016 – Suicide Prevention Policies in
Schools
• 2013 –School Success and Opportunity
Act: Transgender youth
• 2011 –Fair, Accurate, Inclusive and
Respectful (FAIR) Act. LGBT history in
curriculum.

29. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
California Lawsuit / Agreements:
Bullying and Harassment of LGBT students
• 2013: Arcadia Unified School District and U.S.
Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.
– Agreement regarding a transgender boy who was denied access
to sex specific facilities required district to update policies and
provide staff training.
• 2005: Ramirez v. Los Angeles Unified School District –
Out of court.
– Harassment based on perceived sexual orientation and gender
identity. Mandatory diversity training
• 2004: Flores v. Morgan Hill Unified School District. Out of
court.
– Students file suit because of ongoing harassment. Training
required. School districts are obligated to take meaningful steps
to end harassment and to protect students.
• 2002: Gay Straight Alliance Network of California v.
Visalia Unified School District. Out of court.
– Adopt reforms to address anti-gay harassment, train staff and
students with the goal of preventing harassment.

30. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Ronin Shimizu
• 2nd Grade: Joins Cub Scouts
• 4th Grade: Became a cheerleader – Vista
Junior Eagles Cheer Team
• Enjoyed art and fashion – made his own
clothes
• 2002: Born in Folsom, Ca

31. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Ronin Shimizu
• 2008: Began being bullied and taunted
with: “gay,” “girly” and “a fag,”
• 2008-2012: Moved to different schools
to escape the bullying
• 2012: Awoke every day worried about
who would pick on him.
• 2014: Removed from school, placed on
Independent Study program

32. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Ronin Shimizu
• 2014 (December):
Took his own life (Age 12)

33. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Bullying – Suicides – Students in Your Class
• Ronin Shimizu, Age 12.
– December 2014. Folsom, California.
• Leelah Alcorn, Age 17.
– December 2014. Cincinnati, Ohio.
• Seth Walsh, Age 13.
– 2010. Tehachapi, California.
• Lexi Lopez-Brandies, Age 14.
– 2013. Racine, Wisconsin.
• Jeremiah Lasater, Age 14.
– 2008. Acton, California.
• Lawrence King, Age 15.
– 2008. Oxnard, California.

34. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Concluding Thoughts
• Education is key to transforming lives.
• Teaching LGBT history better engages all
students.
• Your job: Apply what you have learned.
Leads to more inclusive schools.
(May not be easy at first, but it is
necessary and WILL make a difference for
your students! )

35. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
1857

36. Darrow. LGBT
History Course.
7/11/2018
Webinar 5:
Transgender History
“Teaching LGBT History in Schools”
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.
July 2018
www.RobDarrow.us