Levothyroxine is a synthetic hormone that mimics the effects of the thyroid hormone T4. It is primarily used to treat hypothyroidism when the thyroid gland is underactive. Levothyroxine works by binding to thyroid receptor proteins in cells and activating gene transcription to produce proteins. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, and insomnia. It should not be used in people with hyperthyroidism, adrenal conditions, heart disease, or allergies to the drug.
Detailed information of all terms like Thyroid gland, Thyroxine, Triidothyronine, Calcitonine, growth and development , propylthiouracil, Calorigenesis, tadpole to frog, Oligomenorrhoea, snehal chakorkar, pharmacology, Cretinism, Myxoedema coma, Graves disease, Thiocynates, Perchlorate, Nitrates.
Radioactive iodine, I131
Detailed information of all terms like Thyroid gland, Thyroxine, Triidothyronine, Calcitonine, growth and development , propylthiouracil, Calorigenesis, tadpole to frog, Oligomenorrhoea, snehal chakorkar, pharmacology, Cretinism, Myxoedema coma, Graves disease, Thiocynates, Perchlorate, Nitrates.
Radioactive iodine, I131
Summary of thyroid and antithyroid drugs
-Introduction
-Synthesis
-Pharmacological Action
-Mechanism of action
-Drugs in Hypothyroidism
-Thyroid Inhibitors
-Drugs in Hyperthyroidism
Summary of thyroid and antithyroid drugs
-Introduction
-Synthesis
-Pharmacological Action
-Mechanism of action
-Drugs in Hypothyroidism
-Thyroid Inhibitors
-Drugs in Hyperthyroidism
This PPT gives the students the basic physiology of the Thyroid gland. It is the only Endocrine gland that can be palpable with your hands. Very useful to M.B.B.S; B.D.S as well as PG students.
Introduction:
@ Thyroid releases T3 & T4
@ The ratio of T4 to T3 is 5:1, so most of the hormone released is
thyroxine
@ Most of the T3 in the blood is derived from thyroxine
@ T3 is three to four times more potent than T4
@ The affinity of the receptor site for T3 is about ten times higher than that for T4
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
2. LEVOTHYROXINE
Category: Hormone
• MOA: Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus
and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA. This hormone nuclear
receptor complex activates gene transcription and synthesis of messenger RNA
and cytoplasmic proteins.
The physiological actions of thyroid hormones are produced predominantly by T3,
the majority of which (approximately 80%) is derived from T4 by deiodination in
peripheral tissues.
3.
4. • Pharmacodynamics:
Oral levothyroxine sodium is a synthetic T4 hormone that exerts the same physiologic effect as
endogenous T4, thereby maintaining normal T4 levels when a deficiency is present.
• Pharmacokinetics:
• Absorption
• Absorption of orally administered T4 from the gastrointestinal tract ranges from 40% to 80%. The
majority of the levothyroxine dose is absorbed from the jejunum and upper ileum. The relative
bioavailability of LEVOXYL tablets, compared to an equal nominal dose of oral levothyroxine sodium
solution, is approximately 95% to 98%. T4 absorption is increased by fasting, and decreased in
malabsorption syndromes and by certain foods such as soybeans.
• Distribution
• Circulating thyroid hormones are greater than 99% bound to plasma proteins, including thyroxine-
binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and thyroxine-binding albumin (TBA),
whose capacities and affinities vary for each hormone. The higher affinity of both TBG and TBPA for
T4 partially explains the higher serum levels, slower metabolic clearance, and longer half-life of T4
compared to T3. Protein-bound thyroid hormones exist in reverse equilibrium with small amounts of
free hormone. Only unbound hormone is metabolically active.
5. • Elimination
• T4 is slowly eliminated . The major pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is
through sequential deiodination. Approximately 80 % of circulating T3 is derived from
peripheral T4 by monodeiodination. The liver is the major site of degradation for both
T4 and T3, with T4 deiodination also occurring at a number of additional sites,
including the kidney and other tissues.
• Excretion
• Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. A portion of the conjugated
hormone reaches the colon unchanged and is eliminated in the feces. Approximately 20%
of T4 is eliminated in the stool. Urinary excretion of T4 decreases with age.
6. Uses:
underactive thyroid gland
(hypothyroidism).
Adverse effects:
Feeling sick (nausea)
Being sick (vomiting)
Diarrhoea
Headaches
Feeling restless or excitable, or
problems sleeping
Flushing or sweating
Muscle cramps
Shaking, usually of the hands
7. • Contraindication:
• adrenal conditions,
• high blood pressure,
• hyperthyroidism,
• heart disease,
• people who are allergic to the drug.