6. どうしのしゅるい
There are two kinds of verbs
ru-verb
・食べる
・起きる
・見る
・寝る
u-verb
・行く
・飲む
・読む
・話す
・聞く
・帰る
7. ru-verb u-verb
verb bases tabe Ik
dictionary forms 食(た)べる(to eat) 行(い)く(to go)
present,
食(た)べます行(い)きます
affirmative
present, negative 食(た)べません行(い)きません
stems 食(た)べ行(い)き
8. ru-verb ru-verb
verb bases tabe okir
dictionary forms 食(た)べる(to eat) 起(お)きる(to go)
present,
食(た)べます起(お)きます
affirmative
present, negative 食(た)べません起(お)きません
stems 食(た)べ起(お)き
Add the suffixes ‘masu,’ ‘masen’
to the verb bases
9. u-verb u-verb
verb bases ik hanas
dictionary forms 行(い)く(to go) 話(はな)す(to speak)
present,
行(い)きます話(はな)します
affirmative
present, negative 行(い)きません話(はな)しません
stems 行(い)き話(はな)し
Add suffixes ‘imasu,’ ‘imasen’
to the verb bases
10. Irregular verbs
dictionary forms する(to do) 来る(to come)
present,
しますき
affirmative
present, negative しませんきません
stems しき
These verbs are also used to form compound
verbs, e.g. 勉強(べんきょう)する(to study)
11. ‘~る’ verbs
If you see the vowels a, u or o right before the
final ‘る,’ the verbs is absolutely u-verb.
E.g.つくる(to make):つくります/つくりません
u-verb u-verb u-verb
verb bases ik hanas tsukur
dictionary
forms
行(い)く(to go) 話(はな)す(to speak) つくる(to make)
present,
affirmative
行(い)きます話(はな)しますつくります
present,
negative
行(い)きません話(はな)しませんつくりません
stems 行(い)き話(はな)しつくり
12. If you see the vowels i and e right before the
final ‘る,’ in most cases, the verbs are ru-verb.
E.g.なげる(to throw): なげます/なげません
ru-verb ru-verb ru-verb
verb bases tabe okir nager
dictionary
forms
食(た)べる(to eat) 起(お)きる(to go) なげる(to throw)
present,
affirmative
食(た)べます起(お)きますなげます
present,
negative
食(た)べません起(お)きませんなげません
stems 食(た)べ起(お)きなげ
13. However, some verbs are exceptions, so it is
important to remember which verb belongs
to which conjugation class.
見(み)る=ru-verb 帰(かえ)る=u-verb
Verb bases mi Kaer
Long form 見ます/見ません帰ります/帰りま
せん
stems 見帰り
14. Habitual and Future action
Present tense verbs either means that
(1)a person habitually or regularly
engages in activities.
わたしはよくテレビを見ます。
I often watch TV.
メアリーはときどき朝ご飯を食べません。
Mary sometimes doesn’t eat breakfast.
15. Habitual and Future action
(2)person will or is planning to perform
these activities in the future.
わたしはあしたロンドンへ行きます。
I will go to London tomorrow.
スーさんは今日うちに帰りません。
Sue will not return home today.