LESSON-1 genderstudiesintroduction.pptx
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Gender is a social construct that refers to the characteristics that define masculinity and femininity within a given context. It includes biological sex, social structures based on sex, and gender identity. Gender studies is an interdisciplinary field focused on analyzing gender identity and representation. It examines how biological sex differs from gender, gender identity, and socially constructed gender roles and their impact on society. Understanding gender and challenging stereotypes is important for achieving equality and preventing discrimination.
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gender studies introduction ppt-.pptx
Gender is a range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, including biological sex, social structures, and gender identity. Gender studies is an interdisciplinary field focused on analyzing gender identity and representation. It examines how gender is socially constructed distinct from biological sex. Understanding gender and addressing discrimination is important so that all people, regardless of gender, can prosper equally in society.
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The paper deals with the scope of linguistic description. It thus highlights the idea of idealization and how models of linguistic descriptions rely thoroughly on abstracting linguistic data.
11. intro to lang. saussure, structuralism
Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist who is considered one of the founders of structuralism. He introduced key concepts including the linguistic sign consisting of a signifier (phonetic form) and signified (conceptual meaning). According to Saussure, the relationship between signifier and signified is arbitrary. He also distinguished between langue (the system of language) and parole (individual usage). Saussure analyzed how units in a system relate through syntagmatic (sequential) and paradigmatic (substitutable) relationships, and believed underlying structures generated by the human mind organize language. His work established structuralism as a method for interpreting relationships in conceptual systems.
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Gay Lesbian Criticism and Queer Theory
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Gender & Sexuality
The document covers several topics related to gender and sexuality including important distinctions between sex and gender, gender socialization and expectations, theories of gender stratification and sexuality, variations in human sexual attitudes and behaviors across time and cultures, controversies around the legislation of morality and sexuality, and the history of understanding and discussing sexuality from the 17th century to present day.
Gender studies introduction ppt
This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
grammar and style
The document discusses grammar and style. It defines grammar as the systematic study and description of language, noting that grammar establishes rules that are necessary for a language to be complete, similar to rules in games. Style refers to word choices used by specific groups. The document then presents the basic model of grammar as having a hierarchy from small linguistic units like clauses to larger units. It describes the key components of a clause as the subject, predicator, complement, and adjunct. Various types of clauses are also discussed, including imperative, interrogative, and declarative clauses as well as variations involving different grammatical moods.
Gender studies & Queer Theory
Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. It includes women's studies (concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics), men's studies and queer studies.
Its rise to prominence, especially in Western universities after 1990, has been noted as a success of deconstructionism. Sometimes, gender studies is offered together with study of sexuality.
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gender studies introduction ppt-.pptx
Gender is a range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, including biological sex, social structures, and gender identity. Gender studies is an interdisciplinary field focused on analyzing gender identity and representation. It examines how gender is socially constructed distinct from biological sex. Understanding gender and addressing discrimination is important so that all people, regardless of gender, can prosper equally in society.
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The paper deals with the scope of linguistic description. It thus highlights the idea of idealization and how models of linguistic descriptions rely thoroughly on abstracting linguistic data.
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Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist who is considered one of the founders of structuralism. He introduced key concepts including the linguistic sign consisting of a signifier (phonetic form) and signified (conceptual meaning). According to Saussure, the relationship between signifier and signified is arbitrary. He also distinguished between langue (the system of language) and parole (individual usage). Saussure analyzed how units in a system relate through syntagmatic (sequential) and paradigmatic (substitutable) relationships, and believed underlying structures generated by the human mind organize language. His work established structuralism as a method for interpreting relationships in conceptual systems.
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Gender studies introduction ppt
This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
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The document discusses grammar and style. It defines grammar as the systematic study and description of language, noting that grammar establishes rules that are necessary for a language to be complete, similar to rules in games. Style refers to word choices used by specific groups. The document then presents the basic model of grammar as having a hierarchy from small linguistic units like clauses to larger units. It describes the key components of a clause as the subject, predicator, complement, and adjunct. Various types of clauses are also discussed, including imperative, interrogative, and declarative clauses as well as variations involving different grammatical moods.
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Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. It includes women's studies (concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics), men's studies and queer studies.
Its rise to prominence, especially in Western universities after 1990, has been noted as a success of deconstructionism. Sometimes, gender studies is offered together with study of sexuality.
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The document discusses gender norms and behaviors that are taught rather than naturally learned. It outlines some of the perceived strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to societal expectations of young men. Specifically, it notes that being male is a privilege but that job loss or inability to provide can threaten a man's pride. The document also discusses different hierarchies of masculinity as defined by traits like heterosexuality, whiteness, and suppression of emotions. Toxic masculinity is defined as traits like suppressing emotions, maintaining hardness, and showing violence.
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William Labov is considered the founder of modern sociolinguistics. He preferred the label "language variation and change" to describe his work studying how language varies based on social factors. Labov was inspired to establish the theoretical relationship between language, individuals, and communities. He conducted seminal studies on Martha's Vineyard and in New York City that demonstrated sound changes correlate with social variables and can be observed through linguistic variation. Labov established foundational concepts for the field like the linguistic variable and the principle of accountability. His work paved the way for sociolinguistics to empirically study language in use and how it varies across social networks.
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- Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests language influences or determines thought. For example, the structure of a language influences how speakers of that language view the world.
- There is evidence that different languages categorize and describe concepts like time, colors, and snow differently, potentially influencing thought. However, critics argue linguistic determinism is too strong and thought is not entirely constrained by language.
- The relationship is complex
Term Psychoanalytical literary criticism
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genderstudiesintroductionppt-200625143357.pdf
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SEX DETERMINES BY THE HARMONAL CHANGES & BIOLOGICAL CHANGES BUT GENDER DETERMINES BY THE SOCIAL CHANGES
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GENDER ROLES & STEREOTYPES
The document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. It explores both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as strong social and environmental influences like parental attitudes and cultural norms. The document also addresses how gender roles and stereotypes are learned from a young age but are becoming more flexible in modern times.
Branches of linguistics
This document outlines the main branches of linguistics, including theoretical (general) linguistics, descriptive/applied linguistics, micro linguistics, and macro linguistics. Theoretical linguistics is concerned with frameworks for describing languages, concepts and categories, and theories about universal aspects of language. Descriptive and applied linguistics describe data to confirm or refute language theories and apply concepts in areas like language teaching. Micro linguistics takes a narrow view of language structure, while macro linguistics takes a broad view relating language to other sciences and its application in daily life. Specific branches covered include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and more.
heterosexuality
Heterosexuality refers to romantic or sexual attraction between persons of opposite sex or gender. It involves enduring patterns of attraction, behaviors expressing attraction, and a sense of identity within a community of others who share these attractions. Biologically, heterosexuality may relate to prenatal hormone exposure and levels of androgen receptors. Psychologically, heterosexuality describes patterns of emotional, romantic and sexual attraction to the opposite sex. Historically and socially, heterosexuality is often linked to nuclear family formation and religious traditions view marriage as reserved for heterosexual unions.
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Language teaching methods are important to study for several reasons:
1) Studying methods provides teachers with an understanding of how the field has evolved over time and exposes them to practices they can adapt or implement.
2) Experience using different methods gives teachers basic skills and allows them to reflect on their own assumptions and beliefs.
3) Comparing methods offers alternatives to how teachers were previously taught, so they can choose approaches aligned with their own views rather than what was imposed on them.
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A quick overview of some of the key theories that look at whether our language use is influenced by our social class.
Structuralism ppt
Structuralism is not only the study of the structure of language. Sometimes it has been regarded as , Romantic, Neo-Positivist, a Sinister Euphemism for political device. It is the extension of new criticism. It helps us to understand how language produces reality not reflects reality. It broke down the traditional concept of language. Saussure was the key figure of this movement.
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This document provides an overview of linguistic foregrounding and its forms of deviation and parallelism. It discusses how foregrounding refers to drawing attention to particular textual aspects. Deviation occurs when a text violates expectations, and can be external, internal, morphological, phonological, etc. Parallelism introduces regularities through repetition at the grammatical, phonological, or semantic level. Various movie taglines and slogans are analyzed as examples that demonstrate different types of linguistic foregrounding through deviation and parallelism.
Descriptive vs prescriptive
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Deconstruction
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2. Jacques Derrida developed deconstruction as a form of semiotic analysis that disputed philosophical centers of meaning and binary oppositions. He analyzed how meanings shift within language.
3. Deconstruction examines how texts undermine or defer fixed meanings through ambiguities in signs and changing relationships between signifiers and signifieds. It aims to "de-center" the search for transcendental truths or meanings.
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William labov: Language Variation and Change
William Labov is considered the founder of modern sociolinguistics. He preferred the label "language variation and change" to describe his work studying how language varies based on social factors. Labov was inspired to establish the theoretical relationship between language, individuals, and communities. He conducted seminal studies on Martha's Vineyard and in New York City that demonstrated sound changes correlate with social variables and can be observed through linguistic variation. Labov established foundational concepts for the field like the linguistic variable and the principle of accountability. His work paved the way for sociolinguistics to empirically study language in use and how it varies across social networks.
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- Classical theorists like Plato argued that thought determines language, while others like J.B. Watson believed thought is language.
- Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests language influences or determines thought. For example, the structure of a language influences how speakers of that language view the world.
- There is evidence that different languages categorize and describe concepts like time, colors, and snow differently, potentially influencing thought. However, critics argue linguistic determinism is too strong and thought is not entirely constrained by language.
- The relationship is complex
Term Psychoanalytical literary criticism
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- 2. Gend er • Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. • Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex, sex-based social structures, or gender identity. • Gender is a status designation derived from the physiological aspects link to males and females to allow individuals to function within particular social contexts. Gender is Socially Learned behavior,
- 3. Gender studies • Gender studies is a field for interdisciplinary study devoted to gender identity and gender representation as central categories of analysis.
- 4. • Sex: biological maleness or femaleness genetic – determined by chromosomes anatomical – obvious physical differences between males and females • Gender – psychological aspects of maleness or femaleness • Gender Identity – the subjective Sex and Gender
- 5. Gender • It was formed from old French- gendre (medern genre) and Latin- Genus (birth, family, nation) = Gender • The word gender has been used since the 14th century as a grammatical term • Gender’ refers to the socially-constructed roles of and relationships between men and women.
- 6. Gender Symbol • Female (left), Male (right). • From symbols for Venus and Mars. “Women and men are more alike than they are different. Men are not from Mars; women are not from Venus—
- 7. GENDER PRIMER OBJECTIVES • Understand the difference between gender and sex • Consider how gender roles impact participation • Appreciate diversity among women • Identify discrimination and how to address it
- 8. Stereotype Gender Bias • GENDER IS NOT A “Women’s Issue” It’s a “People’s Issue” • It’s the undue pressure on Boys & Girls to live up to the established norms of Masculinity & femininity • Girls endure unwarranted social control, discrimination & domination • Boys discouraged from being emotional, gentle or fearful thrust into a world of Macho Protectors, Warriors, Breadwinners
- 10. We need to study gender studies Some of the important issues of life revolve around being a man, or being a woman, or inhabiting a post-binary invention of gender • To distinguish what is right and wrong. • To avoid (consideration) girls (Women) as a sex object.
- 11. We need to study gender studies • To consider each and every human being as equal. • To understand the discrimination on the basis of their gender. Even transgenders are at par with men and women. • To avoid the arrogance in man • To understand that the society will exist only and only if all genders prosper equally.
- 12. Gender roles
- 13. Gender role • Gender Role – attitudes and behaviors considered appropriate in a specific culture for people of a particular sex • Expectations we should fulfill • Masculine or Feminine • Vary widely from culture to culture but rapidly evolving
- 16. Most significant were the amendment to the • 10. 1972: The Indian Evidence Act Section113B. {presumption as to dowry death] • 11.1983: Criminal Law second Amendment Act, Section 498A • 2010: Sec 41a CrPc [no automatic arrest on complaint u/s 498A • 2012: Supreme Court dictate on 41a