The document discusses different perspectives on human nature from philosophy, religion, sociology and psychology. It describes the human person as having physical, intellectual and spiritual qualities according to philosophical views such as conservatism, liberalism and socialism. Theologically, the Bible teaches that humans are created in God's image but sin has distorted human nature. Sociologically, humans are social animals that learn from their environment and belong to different social groups. Psychologically, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theorizes that a person's behavior is shaped by their inner feelings and self-image.

1. CHAPTER-3
The Nature of the Human Person

2. At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1.Describe the Nature of the Human person.
2. Identify the importance of a person’s ability
and capacity.
3.Describe a person’s unique qualities that make
him/her a productive social being

3. What can you say about
“madaling maging tao
mahirap magpakatao?”

4. Human nature is a concept that denotes the fundamental
dispositions and characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling,
and acting—that humans are said to have naturally. The term is
often used to denote the essence of humankind, or what it 'means'
to be human.
Human Person is everything that is related to man such as
physical, mental, spiritual, intellectual features. ... We, humans,
have natural spontaneous tendency to harmony with the materials
in the universe and use our intellectual thinking to know what
is right from wrong.

5. HUMAN NATURE IN PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW
What does it mean to be human? As a first course in philosophy, it is
an introduction to what philosophy is and to works of major
philosophers. As a treatment of the meaning of human nature, the
course considers the human person as physical being, as knower, as
responsible agent, as a person in relation to other persons, to society,
to God, and to the end, or purpose, of human life.

6. Maguigad (2006) in his book, Philosophy of the Human Being, explains the different
philosophical views of the human person. These are the following:
1. Conservatism
The conservatism view is not entirely positive and definitely non egalitarian. Some men
contribute more than others to society, and therefore, must rewarded and honored by
society. All human persons may not be of equal value to society: some men are intended
to rule, the rest to obey. This is in line with one of the Confucian ethical ides which states
that the superior man must rule and the commoner must bow before his authority.
1. Liberalism
Liberalism has a more egalitarian view of human nature. It believes that all men are
capable of reason and rational action and have the capacity to live satisfactory and
productive lives if given the opportunity. Reason is common to all human beings and this
fact raises them above the level of beasts and enables them to know the principles of
suitable living. According to Mencius, “Every human being can become a sage king, that is,
anyone can gain the wisdom to rule”

7. 4. Socialism
In socialism the human being is engaged in cooperative social activities when given
the opportunity. Unfortunately, this natural cooperative instinct is not fostered when
some people selfishly exploit other people.
Marx believed that man is driven primarily be desire for economic gains. In his Das
Kapital, he considers the human person as a social animal, if he she fails to relate
actively with others and with nature. He/she loses himself and become alienated.
His/Her drives lose human qualities and assume animal qualities.
5. Fascism
Fascism hold that what matters most is the country itself. The human beings can
prosper only when the nation prospers. His /Her fate is merely secondary when it
comes to the country. Like the conservatives the fascist contends that some human
beings are naturally and radically better than others.

8. Classical Greek Views
The early classical Greeks define the human person as a rational animal.
As animal’s vegetative sensory and rational element is integrated within
his/her being. Thus he/she is material body and spiritual soul being. As a
vegetative creature, the human being needs food to grow, develop and
reproduce. As a rational animal he/she has the power of thought, reason
and cognition.
Due to a person’s mobility and his/her special place in God’s kingdom it is
through him that the rest of creation enter into a dialogue and relationship
with the Supreme Being. Because the human being is given the free will to
choose, decide or shape his life, he is always responsible for his action.
A human person is capable of loving, knowing, and believing which leads
him to be fully aware of his humanity.

9. Sociological views
Sociological perspective is made up of a number of quite different sub-perspectives. San Juan (2007) proposes some
common ideas about the human person. These are the following:
1. Human persona are social animals. - need to cooperate to produce social world we live in
2. Man's social behavior is LEARNED, not instinctive. we have to learn from the time we were born to a be recognizable
member of the society a human person is capable of KNOWING, LOVING, and BELIEVING, which leads us to fully
aware of our humanity...
3. Focus our attention on the groups we belong to understand Man's behavior. society is the largest group to which we
belong
4. Sociology is a discipline that looked into the totality of relationships in a individual’s life (economics, politics, history,
geography, psychology and so forth). Although each of these areas is significant and interesting in varying degrees it is
only be looking at how these relationships affect each other that we can arrive at a complete picture of human social
behaviour.
For example: people work – economic dimension
People vote - political dimension
People live in different areas – geographic dimension

10. Hierarchy of Needs – the guiding principle of a person’s competence and ability is the exploration
of his totality in the field of humanistic psychology which theorizes that a person’s behaviour and
his relationship with others are shaped by his inner feelings and self image. Maslows presented the
levels of hierarchy of need in his theory of personality.

11. HUMAN NATURE IN BIBLICAL VIEW
The Bible teaches that God created human beings in His image. This means that He enables us to have some
understanding of Him and of His vast and complex design. Our human nature reflects some of God’s attributes,
although in a limited way. We love because we are made in the image of the God who is love (1 John 4:16).
Because we are created in His image, we can be compassionate, faithful, truthful, kind, patient, and just. In us,
these attributes are distorted by sin, which also resides in our nature.
Originally, human nature was perfect by virtue of having been created so by God. The Bible teaches that human
beings were created “very good” by a loving God (Genesis 1:31), but that goodness was marred by the sin of
Adam and Eve. Subsequently, the entire human race fell victim to the sin nature. The good news is that at the
moment a person trusts in Christ, he receives a new nature. Second Corinthians 5:17 tells us, “Therefore, if
anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come!” Sanctification is the process by
which God develops our new nature, enabling us to grow into more holiness through time. This is a continuous
process with many victories and defeats as the new nature battles with the “tent” (2 Corinthians 5:4) in which it
resides—the old man, the old nature, the flesh. Not until we are glorified in heaven will our new nature be set
free to live for eternity in the presence of the God in whose image we are created.

12. THANK YOU !
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