Social stratification involves categorizing society into socioeconomic classes based on factors like occupation, wealth, and power. There are generally considered to be three main classes: the upper class, middle class, and lower class. Political stratification is based on levels of power over others. Social mobility refers to movement between classes, either horizontally within a class or vertically to a different class. Social inequality results from unequal opportunities and rewards across social positions. Discrimination and prejudice against racial or ethnic groups often leads to racial/ethnic inequality. Major causes of social change include technology, social institutions, population changes, environmental shifts, and modernization.

1. SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL
STRATIFICATION

2. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Is a society’s categorization of people
into socioeconomic strata, based on their
occupation and income, wealth and
social status, or derived power. In other
words, stratification is relative social
position of persons within a social group,
category, geographic region, or social
unit.

3. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

4. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IS DISTINGUISHED AS THREE
SOCIAL CLASSES:
 The Upper Class
 The Middle Class
 The Lower Class

5.  The Upper Class- Consists of the elite families who are
the most prolific and successful in their respective areas.
These are the groups of people who are stockholders,
investors, and who live in an exclusive neighborhood.
 The Middle Class- these are mostly professional people
like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small
business, executives, etc. They lived in spacious houses,
situated in best suburbs. Their income can afford them a
comfortable lifestyle.

6.  The Lower Class- these are the office and clerical
workers, skilled and unskilled craftsman, farm
employees, underemployed and indigent families.

7. POLITICAL STRATIFICATION
 Is categorized by power volume. Power is the
ability to carry out the spirit to delineate and
take charge of activities of other people
through various ways, (the right, violence,
authority). Therefore, the power volume is
measured, first by number of people on which
the high-handed judgment experts.

8. SOCIAL MOBILITY SYSTEM

9. SOCIAL MOBILITY
 The act of moving from one social status to another is
called social mobility.

10. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:
 Horizontal Mobility- movement from one position to
another position within their social class level.
 Vertical Mobility- Movement of the person between
social class levels. The movement may be upward
or downward.

11. SOCIAL INEQUALITY
 The existence of uneven opportunities and
rewards for a diverse social positions or
statuses within a group or society is referred to
as social inequality.

12. RACIAL/ETHNIC INEQUALITY
 Is the consequence of hierarchical social
distinctions between racial and ethnic
categories within a society and are often
recognized based on characteristics such
as skin color and other physical
characteristics or an individual’s place of
origin of culture.

13. DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE
 Discrimination- is a damaging act, which can take many
forms. It could be an individual act, such as calling
someone a malevolent name. And the most tremendous
form, could lead to physical harm or the threat of physical
harm.
 Prejudice- is a negative attitude toward the members of
a particular group. It is preconceived idea or
“prejudgment” of others that allows us to brand/label them
in various pessimistic ways.

14. SOCIAL CHANGE

15. SOCIAL CHANGE
 Any shift in various aspects of the society, may it
be large-scale transformation in social structure,
culture, and institutions or small-scale change in
local meanings and interaction is considered as
social change.

16. MAJOR CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE:
 Technology
 Social Institutions
 Population
 Environment
 Modernization

17. ACTIVITY 1. FLOWER CONCEPT MAP
 Directions: Using the
Flower concept map
below, give 6 words
that come into your
mind when you hear
the word social
change.
Social
Change