1. The document compares and contrasts processes of reproduction and development in plants and animals. It defines asexual reproduction, which involves a single parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, and sexual reproduction, which involves two parents and produces unique offspring. 2. Various modes of asexual reproduction are described, including budding, fragmentation, and spore formation. Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization. 3. The document provides examples of asexual reproduction in plants through vegetative propagation or runners. It also discusses parthenogenesis in some animal species.

1. LESSON 17
Jamaica C. Dotillos

2. REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING
PROCESSES IN
plants and animals: reproduction and development.
LESSON OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY

3. Agupit plant S.N.- Ficus ulmifolia (PROSEA)
◦ Vernacular Names: Philippines: isis (Tagalog), agupit/ Hagupit (Bikol), apas
(Igorot).
◦ Distribution: Endemic in the Philippines.
◦ Uses: The fruits are edible, but have little flavour; sometimes eaten with sugar
and cream. The hard and rough leaves are used to clean cooking utensils and to
scour wood.
◦ Characteristics:
◦ Shrub or small tree, 3-5 m tall.
◦ Leaves variable in shape, 9-17 cm × 4-8 cm.
◦ Fruit a fig, subglobose, about 1.5 cm long, orange-red to purple, axillary, solitary
or in pairs. In thickets and open places, up to 1500 m altitude.

4. Question:
1. What was the origin of the name of Barangay Agupit (La Purisima)?
2. How does the Agupit plant grow?
3. How did it reproduce?

5. LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
• differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction;
• describe different modes asexual reproduction
• relate the concept of sexual/ asexual reproduction to daily life

6. ACTIVITY: Let’s Investigate
A substitution cypher is a method of encrypting a message in which the letters of a plaintext are
replaced with different ones in a systematic manner. In a simple substitution, the codes may
simply be rotated or shifted alphabet. For example:
The cipher above shows a left shift of one. Using the cipher, the sentence “I know you” can be
written as “J lopx zpv”. This technique, also called Ceasar cipher, was used by Julius Ceasar in
his private correspondences (Singh, 2000).
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a

7. Decipher the following words below by finding out the codes used by shifting the letter of the
alphabet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
e w i b y e p v i y v s h y g x m s r
w i b y e p v i y v s h y g x m s r
h i z i p s t q i r x
k e q i x w

8. Defining the Terms
What is asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that
does not entail the union of sex cells or gametes.
The organism can reproduce in the absence of a mate in which, in this case, produces
offspring which is usually a clone of the parent. The different types of asexual
reproduction are binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, spore formation
(sporogenesis), fragmentation, parthenogenesis, and apomixis. The organisms that
reproduce through asexual means are bacteria, archaea, many plants, fungi, and certain
animals.

9. Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction involving the fusion of haploid
female gamete (egg cell) and haploid male gamete (sperm cell). The fusion of
these gametes occurs at fertilization resulting in the formation of a
diploid zygote. The zygote develops into an individual organism that is genetically
distinct from the parent organisms.
Furthermore, it ensures that the chromosome number of a particular
species will remain the same across generations. Two major types of
sexual reproduction are syngamy and conjugation.

10. Development is the process by which a multicellular organism,
beginning with a single cell, goes through a series of changes, taking
on the successive forms that characterize its life cycle.

11. Gamete, sex, or reproductive, cell containing only one set of
dissimilar chromosomes, or half the genetic material necessary to form a
complete organism (i.e., haploid). Gametes are formed
through meiosis (reduction division), in which a germ cell undergoes two
fissions, resulting in the production of four gametes. During fertilization,
male and female gametes fuse, producing a diploid (i.e., containing
paired chromosomes) zygote.

12. Description Type of Asexual
Reproduction
Results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region
leading to a separation from the original organism into two
individuals
After a period of growth, an organism splits into two separate
organisms. In other organisms, part of the individual separates and
forms a second individual. This process occurs, for example, in
many asteroid echinoderms through splitting of the central disk.
The breaking of the body into two parts with subsequent
regeneration. If the animal is capable of fragmentation, and the
part is big enough, a separate individual will regrow.
FISSION
BUDDING
FRAGMENTATION

13. Description Type of Asexual
Reproduction
An egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized.
The resulting offspring can be either haploid or diploid, depending
on the process and the species.
Involves a plant growing a new shoot which is capable of becoming
a whole new organism. Strawberries are an example of plants that
reproduce using “runners,” which grow outward from a parent plant
and later become separate, independent plants.
The production of reproductive cells, called spores, which can grow
into a new organism.
Spores often use similar strategies to those of seeds. But unlike
seeds, spores can be created without fertilization by a sexual
partner. Spores are also more likely to spread autonomously, such as
via wind, than to rely on other organisms such as animal carriers to
spread.
PARTHENOGENESIS
VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION
SPOROGENESIS

14. Let’s Do it!
Summarize sexual and asexual reproduction by creating a concept map.
Choose a representative to explain your work.

15. RUBRIC FOR PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT
CRITERIA 5 POINTS 3 POINTS 1 POINT
CONTENT The presentation
contains sufficient
relevant information
about the topic.
The presentation
contains some relevant
information about the
topic.
The presentation
contains few relevant
information about the
topic.
PRESENTATION/DELIVERY The presenter expressed
logically and
systematically sequenced
idea.
Some ideas are not
logically and
systematically presented.
The ideas presented are
not logical and
systematic.
GROUP DYNAMICS Completed the task and
presented well the
output.
Only 50% of the task was
completed.
Only 25% of the task was
completed.
OVER- ALL APPEAL The output presented
was carefully detailed.
The output presented
have less details.
The output has few
details.

16. Sexual vs Asexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
One parent is involved Two parents are involved: paternal and maternal
Syngamy is absent Syngamy is present; sperm cell (male gamete) and ovum
or egg cell (female gamete) unite during fertilization
Meiosis usually is not needed to complete the process Meiosis is a required step to produce gametes
Offspring is often genetically identical to or a clone of the
parent
Offspring is genetically unique, meaning it is genetically
different from its parents
Types: binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation,
spore formation (sporogenesis), fragmentation,
parthenogenesis, and apomixis
Types: syngamy and conjugation

18. What is your key Take- Away today?

19. TRUE OR FALSE
Sexual reproduction produces offspring that is genetically
unique.

20. TRUE OR FALSE
Asexual reproduction involves two plants exchanging
genetic information?

21. TRUE OR FALSE
Some animals can grow from cells/egg that are not
fertilized through parthenogenesis.

22. TRUE OR FALSE
Asexual reproduction will always
produce haploid gametes.

23. TRUE OR FALSE
Plants cannot reproduce asexually.