Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath born in 1452 known for his contributions to invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music and more. He apprenticed under Verrocchio and spent much of his career in Milan and Rome working for various patrons on diverse projects. Some of his most famous works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper paintings. He made many detailed drawings of flying machines, military weapons, hydraulic machines and more, centuries before their feasibility. He died in France in 1519 and is regarded as one of the greatest geniuses of the Renaissance era.

1. LEONARDO
DA
VINCI
Ainhara García
Marina Suso
Sandra Castillero

2. LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest
included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music,
mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany,
writing, history, poetry, and cartography
considered one of the greatest painters of all time , being regarded by many as
the prime exemplar of the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man"

3. EARLY LIFE
Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in the Tuscan hill
town of Vinci.
He was the illegitimate son of Messer Piero (notary) and
Caterina (a peasant that may have been a slave from
the Middle East.
His full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci"
("Leonardo, son of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci").
His father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named
Albiera, who loved Leonardo but died young.
His early life has been the subject of historical
Vinci Town
Young
Leonardo

4. VERROCHIO’S WORKSHOP
● at fourteen, Leonardo was apprenticed to one of the
most successful artists of his day: Verrocchio (Andrea
di Cione).
● He learnt in Verrochio’s workshop, where he got: an
education in the humanities, a vast range of technical
skills of: drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal
working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics
and c carpentry; artistic skills of: drawing,
painting, sculpting and modeling.
model for two works and collaborated with Verrocchio on
his “Baptism of Christ” as well as with many of his
other paintings.
Andrea di Cione (Verrochio)
Baptism of Christ

5. PROFESSIONAL LIFE. 1
His earliest known dated work is a drawing in pen and ink
of the Arno valley
Leonardo had his own workshop
He worked in Milan between 1482 and 1499, where much
of his earlier working life was spent in the service of
Ludovico il Moro.
He was later on employed in Venice, as a military
architect and engineer, devising methods to defend the
city from naval attack.
On his return to Florence in 1500, he and his household
were guests of the Servite monks at the monastery of
monastery of Santissima Annunziata
Arno Valley

6. PROFESSIONAL LIFE. 2
Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia, (son of Pope
Alexander VI) acting as a military architect and engineer
Many of Leonardo's pupils or followers in painting included:
Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio and Marco
D'Oggione.
His father died in 1504
In 1508, he was back in Milan, living in his own house in Porta
Orientale in the parish of Santa Babila.
Porta Orientale (parish of Santa Babila)
Cesare Borgia

7. OLD AGE
He spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican (Rome).
In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house
Clos Lucé near the king's residence at the royal Chateau Amboise
It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend
and apprentice, “Count Francesco Melzi”
Leonardo died at Clos Lucé (France) on May 2, 1519 with his head being held by
the King
He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise
Clos Lucécastle of amboiseFrancesco Melzi

8. SOME
FAMOUS
PAINTINGS
La Gioconda (1502-1517)
Medusa (1568)
Autorretrato
(1512)
San Juan Bautista
(1513)
La Última cena (1495-1498)
La Dama del Armiño
(1489-1490)
La Virgen De Las
Rocas (1483-
1486)

9. LEONARDO DA VINCI’S
INVENTION EXAMPLES

10. FLYING MACHINES
FLYING MACHINE
also known as the "ornithopter”
inspired by the flight of winged
animals (specially bats)
Leonardo got the idea looking at a
kite when he was young
PARACHUTE
He drew the canopy
triangular leading
many to question
whether it would
actually have enough
air resistance
In 2000 Adrian Nichols
constructed a
prototype based on Da
Vinci’s design and
tested it. (the one we
have today)
ANEMOMETER
device used for measuring
wind speed,
common weather station
instrument.
term is derived from the
Greek word anemos
(wind),
Used in meteorology
HELICOPTER
(propeller)
first actual helicopter wasn’t
built until the 1940s
made of linen and wire
the said screw wouldl make its
spiral in the air and rise
high.
designed to compress air to
obtain flight

11. WAR MACHINES
ARMOURED CAR
capable of moving in any direction and was equipped
with a large number of weapons.
most famous of da Vinci’s war machines
designed to intimidate and scatter an opposing army
Inspired by a turtle shell
Leonardo suggested in his notes the thought of using
horses for power (but were rejected because animals
are unpredictable)
Scholars found a basic engineering flaw in the machine
and suggested that, pacifist at heart, Da Vinci might
have sabotaged his own design to discourage the war
machine from every being built.
GIANT CROSSBOW
Da Vinci understood that the fear weapons could instill in
enemies was just as important than the damage they
could actually inflict. (this theory inspired the design
of many of his weapons)
Leonardo’s crossbow instead seems to be designed to fire
large stones or possibly flaming bombs.
a soldier spins a crank to pull back the bow and load the
artillery. And then knock out a holding pin and fire
the weapon.

12. ARCHITECT INNOVATIONS
CLOCK
Leonardo’s clock had two
separate
mechanisms: one for
minutes and one for
hours.
.The clock also has a dial
for keeping track of
moon phases
He also included details
like diamonds and
rocks.
COLOSSUS
Duke of Milan commissioned da
Vinci to build the largest horse
statue in the world.
24-foot bronze statue with 80 tons of
bronze
He had to invent and oven, some
canons and molds
Unfortunately, King Charles invaded
France and to hold off the french
army, the Duke offered a bribe of
Leonardo’s bronze
The project was cancelled and
leonardo said: "I will speak of the
horse no more."

13. WATER AND LAND MACHINES
SCUBA GEAR
da Vinci designed his scuba gear for sneak attacks on
enemy ships from underwater while working on
Venice.
Air was provided from the opening of the tubes to
the diver below
It was equipped with a valve-operated balloon that
could be inflated or deflated and a pouch for the
diver to urinate in.
REVOLVING BRIDGE
Designed for Duke Sforza
could be quickly packed up and transported for use
by armies on the move to pass over bodies of
water.
bridge would swing across a stream or moat and set
down on the other side
Many other bridges were designed for Duke Sforza
by Leonardo

14. THE PROPELLER
(HELICOPTER)
“Leonardo da Vinci’s helicopter” is a world renowned example of his ability to think centuries ahead
of his time.

15. Leonardo invented the propeller
in 1493, and it was 450 years
earlier than an actual
helicopter would take to the
air
It is the first known drawing of
any helicopter-like
machine. (engines had not
been invented yet and
humans have nowhere near
the power to weight ratio
required for them to
produce enough energy to
lift themselves against the
force of gravity.
PROPELLER INVENTION
● Leonardo was inspired
when studying or
examining the seeds of
the Maple Tree as a kid.
It is likely that he
imagined if it would be
possible for the seed to
rise if it was spun
instead of spinning as it
fell.
● He could also have
been inspired by
Archimedes’ Screw.

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPELLER
The main blade was 2 meters in
diameter and the structure
would be held together by
reeds.
It was designed to work by having
two men standing in the
central circular platform. Each
man would take hold of a
wooden shaft and walk
around the central shaft. This
would rotate the “blades” of
the helicopter and supposedly
produce flight.

17. PARTS OF THE PROPELLER
2 MAIN PARTS
HELICAL ROTOR
On a structure of reeds and wood,
it is coupled spiral fabric that has
been starched linen to cover her
pores. The outer edge of the spiral
is reinforced with a metallic edge .
The central mast carries fixed four
bars , the crew would have to push
to keep the rotor spinning.
● FIXED DISC BELOW THE ROTOR
This disc serves for the crew
walking on it while pushing the
rotor bars , getting it to rotate
with respect to the base .

18. SUCCESS OF THE PROPELLER
It had some limitations that did not allow the
propeller work:
To raise the weight of the structure it had
not been enough to force four men. A
powerful modern engine had been
necessary .
Leonardo also had in mind that at the time
of rise from the ground , the fixed disk
of the base begin to rotate in the
opposite direction to the rotor . He
would have needed his helicopter tail
rotor, (as modern helicopters) to
prevent rotation of the base.

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