This document discusses the universal elements of communication and different types of communication channels. It outlines two features of communication: universal elements present in all human communication and basic facts about the nature of communication. These include communication environment, use of symbols, mental filters, imperfect communication, meaning depends on context, personality influences communication, and empathy. The document also discusses formal and informal communication channels, their advantages and disadvantages. Formal channels include reports and instructions, while informal or "grapevine" channels spread rumors quickly between employees.

1. UNIVERSAL ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

2. An analysis of Communication Process
suggest two basic features about
communication
1. The presence of some universal elements
in all human communication
2. Some basic facts about the nature of
communication

3. PRESENCE OF SOME UNIVERSAL ELEMENTS
I. The communication environment
II. Use of symbols
III. The mental filters

4. SOME BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
I. Perfect communication is impossible
II. Meaning is not out there
III. Personality communicates
IV. Empathy

5. PROCESS OF PREPARING EFFECTIVE BUSINESS
MESSAGES
These messages are
 of great significance
 Enhances business, create goodwill, retain
customers and determine the efficiency
To prepare it we need to
Plan , organize , draft , revise , edit and
proofread ( use of 7 C’s)

6. FIVE PLANNING STEPS
1. Identify the purpose
2. Analyze the audience
3. Choose the ideas
4. Collect Data to support ideas
5. Organize the message

7. FORMAL AND INFORMAL CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Formal Communication
Normally controlled by manager or the people
occupying similar positions in an organization
e.g Reports, records, orders, instructions, sales
presentations, publicity material etc.
This communication is taken great care off and
known as Chain or Line of Command.

8. FORMAL
Advantages;
 Great care is taken
 Cover an ever-widening distance as the
organization grow
 Due to filter information keep the higher
mangers from getting bogged down with it
 Consolidate the organization and satisfy the
managerial position

9. FORMAL
Limitations
 Inhibit the way of free flow of Communication
 Time Consuming
 More Expensive
 Red-Tapism and Delay tactics

10. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Man’s instinct to communicate with his fellows
whatever he feels or thinks.
People are fond of spreading rumors in this
communication i.e Rumor Mill.
It is Known as Grapevine
Grapevine becomes active when there is
 Feeling of Uncertaininty

11. INFORMAL
 Organization passing through Difficult Time
 Employees are less Confident
 Favoritism

12. INFORMAL
Grapevine Chains
I. Single Strand Chain
II. Gossip Chain
III. Probability Chain
IV. Cluster Chain

13. ADVANTAGES
 Transmits information Speedily
 Managements gets feedback
 Parallel Channel
 Gives great satisfaction to workers

14. INFORMAL
Disadvantages
I. Less Credible
II. Does not carry the complete information
III. Often distorts the picture

15. Thank You