building engineering

1. Lecturer: Yang Yang
E-mail:yang_yacad@163.com
Building Engineering
Southwest Jiaotong University

2. ❖ Course nature: Limited elective course for civil engineering major
❖ Objective: Understand the basic knowledge of Building
Engineering
❖ Time: 1 to 17 week, Wednesday, 6 and 7 section
❖ Place: Classroom-J4321
❖ Assessment: Daily performance and Final examination
Brief introduction to course
Tencent QQ group: 821506868

3. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ In a narrow sense, a building refers to a house built by
human beings, a place for safe accommodation, production
and work, and a place for entertainment and rest.
❖ In a broad sense, the building is an engineering concept
which is the general name of buildings and structures. It is
an artificial environment created by using the mastered
material and technical means and certain scientific laws,
Feng Shui ideas and aesthetic rules.
What is a building?

4. Lecture-1 Introduction
Building in Primitive society
Tangquangou cave dwelling site (Henan
Province, China) Nest dwelling
Chagou cave dwelling site (Shanxi
Province, China)

5. Lecture-1 Introduction
Building in Primitive society
Hemudu site reproduced model
(Zhejiang Province, China)
Banpo site reproduced model
(Shanxi Province, China)
Hemudu site
Banpo site

6. Lecture-1 Introduction
Building in Slavery society
Great Pyramid
(Egypt)
Rome Colosseum
(Italy)

7. Lecture-1 Introduction
Building in Feudal society
Imperial Palace
(China)

8. Lecture-1 Introduction
Modern building
Empire State Building (443 m)

9. Lecture-1 Introduction
Burj Khalifa Tower (828 m)

10. Lecture-1 Introduction
Canton Tower (600 m)

11. Lecture-1 Introduction
Shanghai Center Tower (632 m)

12. Lecture-1 Introduction
Rank of high-rise buildings height in worldwide
Building Height (m) Country
1 Burj Khalifa Tower 828 The United Arab Emirates
2 New Tokyo Tower 634 Japan
3 Shanghai Center Tower 632 China
4 Mecca Royal Clock Tower 601 Saudi Arabia
5 Canton Tower 600 China
6 Tianjin Gaoyin finance building 596 China
7
Shenzhen Ping An International
Financial Center
592 China
8 Lotte World Tower 556 South Korea
9 World Trade Center Building-1 541 The United States
10 Guangzhou East Tower 530 China

13. Lecture-1 Introduction
National Grand Theater

14. Lecture-1 Introduction
National Stadium

15. Lecture-1 Introduction
Wuhan High Speed Railway Station

16. Lecture-1 Introduction
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport

17. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Building is an organized internal and external space
environment built to meet the needs of different social
processes according to the requirements of people's material
and spiritual life.
❖ Building can meet various functional requirements, such as
live, study, work, production and cultural activities, and
provide activity space and place for people.
❖ Building structure is a skeleton that forms a certain space
and shape, and can bear various loads imposed on the
building by man and nature, so that the building can be used
Building and Building structure

18. Lecture-1 Introduction
Building and Building structure
❖ Structure is the basic skeleton of a building.
❖ Component: basic part of a structure, usually contain beam,
slab and column.
Beam
Column
Slab

19. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Dead load - constant loads acting on the structure for a long
time, which are usually caused by its own weight.
❖ Live load - variable load temporarily acting on the structure,
which are usually caused by vehicle load, crowd load, wind
load, snow load, earthquake action, etc.
❖ Deformation effects - deformation caused by temperature
change, foundation settlement, etc.
❖ Environmental effects - caused by air pollution, etc.
Structural load

20. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Dead loads: weight of beam, slab and column
Frame
Weight of slab Roof
Weight of beam
Weight
of column
Cylinder

21. Lecture-1 Introduction
Dead loads: soil pressure and weight of slope
Slope
Weight of slope
Soil pressure
Structural load

22. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: vehicle load
Vehicle load
Bridge

23. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: crane load
Crane load
Industrial plant

24. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: crowd load
Crowd load
Subway station

25. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: snow load
House
Snow load

26. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: earthquake action

27. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Wenchuan Earthquake (2008)

28. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Fukushima earthquake (2011)

29. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Live load: wind load

30. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Tacoma Narrows Bridge

31. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Humen Bridge

32. Lecture-1 Introduction
Structural load
Shenzhen Saige Building

33. Lecture-1 Introduction
Classification of building
Building function Building height
Building structure Building material
Classification

34. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Building function:
• Industrial buildings,
• Civil buildings (Residential buildings and Public buildings)
Classification of building
Industrial plant Residence Art gallery

35. Lecture-1 Introduction
classification Category Example
Residential
building
Residence building Residence/apartment
Dormitory building Staff dormitory/student dormitory
Public
building
Education building Primary school/middle school/university
Office building Government/company/community
Scientific research building Laboratory
Cultural building Cinema/library/music hall/art gallery
Commercial building Supermarket/hotel/restaurant
Service building Bank/conference center
Sports building Gymnasium/natatorium
Medical building Hospital/first aid center
Traffic building Passenger station/railway station/airport
Garden building Zoo/marine museum
Memorial building Former residence
Comprehensive building Commercial and residential building

36. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Building height:
• Low-rise building (1-3 stories)
• Multi-story building (4-6 stories)
• Mid-rise building (7-9 stories)
• High-rise building (above 10 stories)
• Super high-rise building (above 100 m)
Classification of building

37. Lecture-1 Introduction
Low-rise building Mid-rise building
High-rise building Super high-rise building

38. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Building material :
• Wood structure
• Masonry structure
• Reinforced concrete structure
• Steel structure
• Membrane structure
Classification of building

39. Lecture-1 Introduction
Yinxian
Wooden Tower
Wood structure

40. Lecture-1 Introduction
Masonry structure

41. Lecture-1 Introduction
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete structure

42. Lecture-1 Introduction
Taipei 101 Tower
Reinforced concrete structure

43. Lecture-1 Introduction
Steel structure
China Central Television
Bird's nest

44. Lecture-1 Introduction
Steel structure
Single-story industrial plant

45. Lecture-1 Introduction
Steel structure
FAST

46. Lecture-1 Introduction
Membrane structure
Millennium Dome London
Water Cube

47. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Building structure:
• Wall bearing structure
• Frame structure
• Shear wall structure
• Frame-shear wall structure
• Cylinder structure
• Long-span spatial structure
Classification of building

48. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Wall bearing structure
• A bearing structure system composed of walls, reinforced concrete beams
and slabs.
• The main bearing components of the building are walls, beams and slabs,
foundations, etc.
• Wall load-bearing structures are divided into three types: horizontal wall
load-bearing, vertical wall load-bearing and vertical and horizontal wall
mixed load-bearing.
• Advantages: low cost, simple and fast construction.
• Disadvantages: it is not suitable for complex building forms. The floor
height, room size and other structural requirements are strict, and the
seismic capacity is slightly weak.
Classification of building

49. Lecture-1 Introduction
Wall bearing structure

50. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Frame structure
• Frame structure refers to the structure composed of beams and columns
connected by rigid connection or hinge to form a load-bearing system, that
is, the frame composed of beams and columns jointly resist the horizontal
load and vertical load in the process of use.
• It is generally built or assembled with prefabricated aerated concrete,
expanded perlite, hollow brick or porous brick, pumice, vermiculite, and
other light plates.
• The frame can be divided into single span and multi span according to the
number of spans; according to the number of layers, there are single layer
and multi-layer; according to the facade composition, it is divided into
symmetry and asymmetry
Classification of building

51. Lecture-1 Introduction
Frame structure

52. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Shear wall structure
• Shear wall structure uses reinforced concrete wallboard to replace the beam and
column in the frame structure, which can bear the internal force caused by various
loads and effectively control the horizontal force of the structure.
• This structure using reinforced concrete wallboard to bear vertical and horizontal
forces is called shear wall structure
❖ Frame-shear wall structure
• Frame shear wall structure is to arrange a certain number of shear walls in the
frame structure to form a flexible and free use space to meet the requirements of
different building functions. At the same time, it has enough shear walls and
considerable lateral stiffness.
Classification of building

53. Lecture-1 Introduction
Shear wall structure
Frame-Shear wall structure

54. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Cylinder structure
• Cylinder structure evolved and developed from frame shear wall structure and full
shear wall structure.
• Cylinder structure is a space closed cylinder formed by concentrating shear wall or
dense column frame into the interior and periphery of the house. It is characterized
by the concentration of shear walls to obtain a large free division space, which is
mostly used in office buildings. It can be divided into four structural forms: frame,
frame cylinder, cylinder in cylinder and bundle cylinder.
Classification of building

55. Lecture-1 Introduction
Frame-Shear wall structure
Cylinder structure:
Sears building

56. Lecture-1 Introduction
❖ Long-span spatial structures
• Long span spatial structures usually refer to all kinds of structures that span more
than 60 meters horizontally. Including folded plate structure, shell structure, grid
structure, suspension structure, etc.
Classification of building
Sydney Opera House Chongqing Railway Station

57. Lecture-1 Introduction
Frame-Shear wall structure
Cylinder structure:
Sears building