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Lecture1 aug28-bb
- 1. Logistics Office Hours: Friday: 2:00-3:00 PM (Also available by appointment!) Email: cyi@qc.cuny.edu Telephone: 718-997-3366 Office: E-222 Science Bldg Textbook: The Earth System (3rd ed.) by L. R. Kump, J. F. Kasting, and R. G. Crane. Available at the Campus Bookstore at Queens College Student Union. You are welcome to look online for a cheaper version of this text.
- 2. More Logistics Grading: Homework 15%, 2 exams (20% each), Final Exam 30%, Class Participation 15% Homeworks: Homework sets (~three sets) distributed and collected at the start of the lecture. Exams: 2 in-class + cumulative, closed-book final The secret to success in this course: is to attend every lecture, focus on my lecture notes and homework, ask questions, and answer my questions.
- 3. More Logistics Exam policy Midterms – multiple choice plus essay Makeup exams – instructor must be notified before the exam Makeup exams cannot be taken before the exam Makeup exam will be all essay that will be harder than the regular exams.
- 4. Final Logistics: BLACKBOARD You are responsible for all material posted on Blackboard : • Lecture notes • Assignments • Supplemental materials • Important course announcements www.cuny.edu Blackboard get login and password Enter your email address under personal info
- 5. 5
- 7. GAIA HYPOTHESIS • the idea of the Earth as a single living superorganism • James Lovelock • Gaia - a new look at life on Earth, Oxford University Press, 1979.
- 10. • Let’s first think about more immediate and practical questions, especially the topic of human-induced global warming • To get us thinking about this, let’s consider what has happened the past two summer…
- 11. http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/07/31/wild-us-summerheat-wave-smashes-records/ • Graph shows high daily temperature on July 12, 2011 • 1,479 daily U.S. temperature records were broken in the month of July
- 12. http://www.businessinsider.com/texas-drought-2011-08 • In addition, the state of Texas was hit with its worst drought ever • Although there is no assurance that this drought has been self-induced, --indeed, it is blamed mostly on La Niña--this is precisely the kind of thing that is predicted to happen as the global climate warms
- 13. PDSI = Palmer Drought Severity Index 4.0 10.0 3.0 9.5 2.0 9.0 1.0 8.5 Land 8.0 PDSI Land average temperature (oC) 10.5 5.0 0.0 7.5 -1.0 7.0 -2.0 6.5 -3.0 1945 1955 (Yi et al., 2013) 1965 1975 1985 Year 1995 2005 2015
- 16. 9.7 0.5PgC Source: Peters et al. 2012a; Le Quéré et al. 2012; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2012
- 23. The dashed land-use change line does not include management-climate interactions The land sink was a source in 1987 and 1998 (1997 visible as an emission) Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
- 24. Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
- 26. The temperature at northern-high latitudes will be increased much more than others near the end of 21th century, as predicted by many climate models (IPCC, 2007)
- 27. Projected decreases in precipitation are likely in most subtropical land regions near the end of 21th century, as predicted by many climate models (IPCC, 2007)
- 28. Eddy Flux Tower CO2 H2O CH4 T CO2 H2O CH4 T CO2 H2O CH4 T
- 30. 30
- 32. Photosynthesis Using light converts carbon and water into sugars 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
- 33. Respiration Organic matter is converted back into CO2 Autotrophic respiration (plants respiration) Heterotrophic respiration (soil respiration)