Lecture communication
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The document discusses the importance of effective communication in healthcare. It introduces SBAR as a standardized communication technique that structures information exchange into 4 steps: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. SBAR provides a mechanism to frame conversations, a tool to share concise and focused information, and a standard for communication that can help close hierarchies and indicate effective information transfer between healthcare providers. The document advocates for SBAR to foster patient safety, develop teamwork, and reduce time spent on patient handovers.
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experiences, what are some communication channels and barriers? As management practitioners,
how do we overcome communication barriers to be our strengths? please cite
Solution
Communication is the conveying of a message to a person or masses through words, signs or
gestures. The exchanging of thoughts, ideas and information in a network is called
communication. In terms of organization, proper communication holds an important role for
smooth and effective results. There are certain channels through which commuication is done
from person to person. Channel can be defined as the source through which a message is
tranferred from the giver to the reciever. Selection of the channel depends upon the nature of the
message to be communicated and the receiver to whom the message is communicated. The
channels of communication could be verbally spoken words, words in written, electronic media
and non verbally transferred message through signs or body language. These main channels of
communication can further be classified into small channels. Like words in written can be in
form of letters, emails, posters, newspapers, etc. Electronic media, which is the most common
channel of communication includes TV, radio, telephone, internet.
The barriers of communication are the obstacles that come in an effective communication
between the giver and reciever and cause the message to be conveyed wrongly or incompletly.
The main barriers to an effective communication can be as follows:
- Terms used in language of communication are complicated and not in simple and
understandable vocabulary.
- Distraction due to lack of interest or irrelevance.
- Physical disabilities of the communicator or reciever of the message.
- setting a perception or viewpoint from before.
- difference of language or accent and cultures
- Building up expectations to what they want to convey or want to hear.
- Physical gestures and signs can be misunderstood or not conveyed in the correct manner.
- Lack of knowledge or overloaded knowledge
- lack of communication skills.
- distractions through noise.
- wrong mode of communication
The barriers of communications once identifiid have to be erased for deriving results from the
message communicated. The methods to overcome the barriers could be as follows:
- Clarity of the message to the communicator- The communicator himself should be clear about
the message he wants to convey to the reciever. And accordingly choose the correct channel and
method in which the message can be transfered in the most effecient way.
- Understanding the reciever\'s nature and need- It can to be identified that what is the best way
in which the reciever of the message will understand the message clearly and then forming the
mode and method to communicate the message.
- Frame the message with consistency- The message should be framed in such a way that is
should be aligned with the polic.
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from person to person. Channel can be defined as the source through which a message is
tranferred from the giver to the reciever. Selection of the channel depends upon the nature of the
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channels of communication could be verbally spoken words, words in written, electronic media
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communication can further be classified into small channels. Like words in written can be in
form of letters, emails, posters, newspapers, etc. Electronic media, which is the most common
channel of communication includes TV, radio, telephone, internet.
The barriers of communication are the obstacles that come in an effective communication
between the giver and reciever and cause the message to be conveyed wrongly or incompletly.
The main barriers to an effective communication can be as follows:
- Terms used in language of communication are complicated and not in simple and
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- Distraction due to lack of interest or irrelevance.
- Physical disabilities of the communicator or reciever of the message.
- setting a perception or viewpoint from before.
- difference of language or accent and cultures
- Building up expectations to what they want to convey or want to hear.
- Physical gestures and signs can be misunderstood or not conveyed in the correct manner.
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1. Communication is essential for organizational effectiveness as it helps employees understand their roles and managers provide instructions. It acts as the "nervous system" of an organization.
2. The communication process involves encoding a message, transmitting it, receiving and decoding it, accepting or rejecting it, using the information, and providing feedback.
3. Organizational communication can be formal, involving official channels, or informal through social interactions. Downward, upward, lateral, and interactive communication are described.
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The document discusses communication in organizations. It defines communication, identifies its key features and importance, and describes the communication process and principles. It also discusses types of communication, e-communication, barriers to effective communication, and ways to improve communication effectiveness. The objectives are to understand communication, recognize how it works, discuss its role and elements, and identify how to enhance communication.
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2. The objectives and characteristics of effective communication are provided, including the importance of clear messages and listener feedback.
3. Barriers to effective communication and the importance of communication for coordination, decision-making, and employee morale are also summarized.
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This document discusses communication and provides information on:
1) The communication process involving a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
2) Verbal and nonverbal communication methods.
3) Factors that influence perception in communication like biases and stereotypes.
4) Different communication media and their relative information richness, from most to least being face-to-face, telephone, email, impersonal writing.
5) Barriers to effective communication and skills for managers to improve communication.
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3. Details of upper airway structures including the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. It also reviews lower airway structures like the trachea and lungs.
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- The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a supraglottic airway device that is placed in the hypopharynx to control the airway during general anesthesia or ventilation. It provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation or use of a face mask. The LMA has advantages like ease of insertion, reduced hemodynamic response, and improved oxygenation during emergence from anesthesia. Potential complications include sore throat, coughing, laryngospasm, and airway obstruction. Proper selection of size, lubrication, and insertion technique are important for successful use of the LMA.
Biophysics
This document discusses different types of fluid flow and transport mechanisms in cells. It describes laminar and turbulent fluid flow, how they are characterized, and factors that influence each type. It also outlines different transport mechanisms in cells including diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Active transport uses carrier proteins and cell energy to move substances against a concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down a concentration gradient without cell energy.
Theories of anesthesia
1. The document discusses theories of anesthesia including the unitary theory and modern theories involving interactions with membrane proteins and specific ion channels.
2. It describes the stages of general anesthesia from analgesia to surgical anesthesia to medullary respiratory paralysis. However, it notes that the excitement stage is rarely seen with modern anesthesia.
3. GABA receptors are identified as an important target for many anesthetic agents. General anesthetics bind to these receptors, causing chloride channel opening and neuronal inhibition, resulting in anesthesia.
Endotracheal intubation and laryngoscopy part 2
This document discusses various types of endotracheal tubes and laryngoscopy techniques. It describes specialized tubes like armored tubes, RAE tubes, Oxford tubes, and laser-resistant tubes. It covers direct laryngoscopy using curved and straight blades. Optimal conditions for laryngoscopy are outlined, including using the appropriately sized blade and ensuring good muscle relaxation. Reliable signs of correct endotracheal tube placement include capnography, visualization of the tube passing the vocal cords, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy visualization of tracheal rings.
Intubation part 1.
Endotracheal tubes are used to intubate patients and enable ventilation. They are typically made of PVC or rubber and have features like a Murphy eye, size designations, and a pilot balloon-connected inflation system to create a seal in the trachea. Complications can occur during or after intubation and extubation, like trauma, aspiration, or laryngospasm. Nasotracheal intubation has advantages like patient comfort but risks like trauma or sinusitis. Proper preparation, techniques, and monitoring are important for safe endotracheal intubation.
Complications of artificial applications part 5
This document discusses the complications that can arise from mechanical ventilation through either invasive or non-invasive means. Some key complications mentioned include pneumonia, infections, injuries to the face/lips/pharynx and larynx/trachea, gastrointestinal effects like esophagitis and decreased motility, renal effects from reductions in blood pressure/flow, disrupted sleep, and decubitus ulcers. Proper diagnosis and management of these various complications is important for patients receiving mechanical ventilation support.
Difficult airway management
This document discusses endotracheal tubes and intubation. It covers indications for intubation including airway protection, optimizing gas exchange, decreasing metabolic demand, and reducing work of breathing. Conditions associated with difficult intubation are described such as congenital anomalies, infections, tumors, and injuries. Airway assessment techniques like mallampati classification, laryngoscopy view, and thyromental distance are explained. Equipment for intubation and sizing endotracheal tubes are outlined. The technique of intubation is described involving positioning the patient in sniffing position and using a laryngoscope to visualize the vocal cords. Confirmation of proper tube placement is emphasized using methods like auscultation and capnography.
Airway management part 3.
This document discusses various techniques for airway management. It describes mechanical maneuvers like jaw thrust and head tilt-chin lift to clear obstructions. Common airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways are also discussed. Guidelines are provided for sizing and inserting these adjuncts safely. Face masks can be used with one, two, or three hands to maintain a patent airway. Risk factors for difficult mask ventilation and potential complications are also outlined.
Airway assesment part 2
This document discusses airway assessment and difficult airways. It outlines various predictors of difficult airways like obesity, short neck, and facial hair. It describes tests to evaluate the airway like thyromental distance, inter-incisor gap, and Mallampati grading. The document emphasizes the importance of a thorough airway assessment prior to intubation to identify potential difficulties and prepare appropriate management strategies for difficult intubations.
Airway assesment part 1
The document discusses preoperative airway assessment for anesthesia. It notes that 1-3 out of 100 anesthetized patients have difficult intubation, while 1 out of 1000 have failed intubation and 1 out of 10,000 experience cannot intubate cannot ventilate scenarios. Factors that can increase intubation difficulty include congenital syndromes, anatomical features like teeth and neck structure, and acquired conditions such as decreased jaw or neck mobility. A thorough preoperative assessment including tests of mouth opening, neck movement, thyromental distance, and Mallampati score can help predict and prepare for a potentially difficult airway.
History of anesthesia.
- Imhotep, an ancient Egyptian priest from around 2600 BC, is considered the first physician and treated many diseases. He extracted medicines from plants and had knowledge of anatomy. Ancient Egyptians used opium and hyoscyamus for anesthesia and performed trepanation surgery.
- In ancient Greece and Rome, mandrake juice was used for its narcotic effects before surgeries to ensure insensibility to pain. Arabic translations of Greek medicine advanced Islamic medicine in the Middle Ages. Physicians like Al Zahrawi described many surgeries and instruments.
- The modern history of anesthesia began with William Morton using ether in 1846 and John Snow advancing the field through publications on ether and chlor
Local and regional anesthesia
This document discusses different types of anesthesia including local, regional, and general anesthesia. It provides details on common regional anesthesia techniques like spinal blocks, epidurals, and caudal blocks. It also describes local anesthesia techniques such as infiltration, nerve blocks, and intravenous regional anesthesia. The document discusses the mechanisms of local anesthetics and some potential complications as well as benefits of local and regional anesthesia compared to general anesthesia.
1d awareness problem during operation
This document discusses the problem of anesthesia awareness during surgery. It defines anesthesia awareness as a patient becoming conscious during a surgical procedure under general anesthesia and having recall of events. Risk factors include women, younger age, use of total intravenous anesthesia, long surgeries, prior awareness history, and natural red hair. Causes can include light anesthesia, increased anesthetic requirements, or anesthesiologist error. Prevention strategies include pre-operative evaluation, prophylactic benzodiazepines, monitoring anesthetic levels, and post-operative interviews. Methods to monitor consciousness include clinical signs, isolated forearm technique, brain monitoring like BIS, and measurements of lower esophageal sphincter contractions.
1c geriatric patients
- The document discusses various physiological changes that occur with aging and their implications for anesthesia in geriatric patients. Some key points discussed include:
- Cardiovascular changes like decreased cardiac output and increased risk of hypertension. Respiratory changes like reduced lung capacity and cough reflex. Genitourinary changes like reduced kidney function and bladder issues.
- Gastrointestinal changes like decreased motility leading to constipation. Endocrine changes like increased risk of hypothyroidism and bone issues.
- The implications of these changes for anesthesia include risks of hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory complications, slower drug metabolism and clearance, and risks of gastric aspiration and constipation. Careful preoperative evaluation and
1b general anesthesia
The document provides information on general anesthesia including:
1) It discusses the history, goals, and levels of sedation for general anesthesia. Different levels include minimal sedation, moderate sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia.
2) The pre-anesthetic evaluation process involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam including airway assessment, and ordering lab tests.
3) Common anesthetic equipment is described including laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, airways, monitors, and intravenous and inhalational drugs used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
1a respiratory system
The document provides information on the respiratory system, including its structures and functions. It discusses the processes of ventilation, external respiration, transport of gases, and cellular respiration. It describes the structures of the upper respiratory tract such as the nose, pharynx and larynx. It also details the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Furthermore, it examines the muscles involved in inspiration and expiration, respiratory volumes and capacities, and the control of breathing.
Body temperature mechanism
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Lecture communication
- 1. COMMUNICATION ISBR Dr Nisar Ahmed Arain Assistant Professor Anesthesia/Critical care/ER
- 2. SBAR SBAR SBAR TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION
- 3. COMMUNICATION -Communication is the activity of conveying INFORMATION through the exchange of ideas, Feelings, intentions, attitudes. Expectations Perceptions or Commands as by Speech, Non – verbal gestures writings, behavior and possibly by other means such as electromagnetic, chemical or physical phenomena and smell.
- 5. Encoder sender Decoder Receiver messages Shannon – weavers Model of Communication
- 6. -Effective communication is not only about conveying a message that you want to say. It is about conveying the message so that the other people understand and respond to it Effective communication
- 9. VAGUENESS AND SHORTAGE OF DATA
- 10. WHAT WE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION --Mechanism (established processes) to frame conversations --Tool (distinct design) to share concise and focused information. --Standard of Communication --Indicator of Effective Communication
- 12. What about SBAR It is an effective Mechanism to close the traditional hierarchy between doctors and other care givers.
- 13. A shared mental Tool around all patient handovers and situations requiring escalation, or critical exchange of information. What about SBAR
- 14. - A Standardized well structured 4- steps method that clarifies WHAT and HOW information should be communicated What about SBAR
- 15. What about SBAR Easy to remember Indicator that you can use to frame conversations, especially critical ones, requiring a clinician's immediate attention and action.
- 16. What about SBAR
- 17. What about SBAR
- 18. SBAR at the personal level -1-Communicate forcefully and effectively Self confidence -2-Close the traditional hierarchy between staffs relaxed work life -3-Encourage assessment skills positive Participation -4-Staff anticipate the information needed by colleagues, Trust building
- 19. SBAR at the information level -1-Reducing Repetition -2-The right level of detail -3-The right sequence of Flow -4-Concise and focused information
- 20. -1-To foster a culture of patient safety -2-To develop effective communication and teamwork -3-Easy to remember and can reduce the time spent on patient hand over -4-An ROP (Required organizational practice) requested by Accreditation body -
- 21. Why is improving our Communication important -Patients care is dependent on effective communication INCLUDING a-Including Telephonic communication BETWEEN All staff involved in the care of patient -Effective communication has become more important as health care has become more complex and highly complex and Team based
- 22. Why do we need a standard approach to verbal and written Communication -1-It is a daily task -2-It is rarely “explicitly” taught -3-Telephone referrals can be a source of frustration for both the “give” and the receiver -4-Ineffective telephone communication can compromise patient care
- 23. -1-People are busy and don’t want more work! It takes time and practice to plan a good handover of patient/client information -2-It can be difficult to summarize a complex case succinctly -3-The person making the referral -It is often asked about things they have already said -They may not get the help they were expecting -4-The person receiving the referral may -Interrupt mid sentence -Make assumptions about the capability of the caller Some of the challenges in good Communication
- 24. He was focused, but not well prepared….. -1-The Doctor clearly states what he wants --He wants the other Doctor to come and see the Patient -2-He checks he is talking to the right person but…He doesn’t have important information at hand -3-The main problem is lack of preparation --How long does it take to prepare ? --What things should be prepared