This document discusses the requirements for a successful microbial infection. It outlines the key requirements as entry into the host, establishment and survival within the host, overcoming host defenses, damaging the host, and exiting to infect another host. It focuses on the first two requirements - entry and establishment. It describes the main portals of entry into the body as mucous membranes, skin, and parenteral routes. It provides details on the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts as common sites of entry. It also discusses how pathogens use virulence factors and mechanisms like adherence to tissues to establish an infection within the host.
Furuncularmyiasis in a Child Caused by Flesh Fly (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) and ...inventionjournals
We report the case of a two-year-old boy with hyper eosinophilia who presented with a swelling on his left scapular that had persisted for more than three weeks. A second-stage larva of Wohlfahrtia magnifica was found with associated bacterial organisms such as Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, leading to the diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis. Following removal of the larva and secondary bacterial therapy, the clinical and hematological manifestations returned to normal. Diagnosis of myiasis and associated secondary infections should always be kept in mind in the event of clinical signs of furuncular lesions, pain, fever, exudation which may be accompanied by eosinophilia.
Histopathology of Multiple viral infections in lung of camel (Camelus Dromeda...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi
Division: Zygomycota
Class: Mucormycotina
Order: Mucorales
Family: Mucoraceae
Genus: Mucor
Morphology- →Common contaminant. →Colonies are fast-growing and resemble white-to-gray cotton candy. →Hyphae are wide, 6-15μ. →No rhizoids →Sporangiophores are long, branch, Large (50-300μ).
culture media
Life cycle - vegetative , asexual, sexual
epidemology,
Clinical feature,
Rhinocerebral-Opportunistic infection of sinuses , nasal passages , oral cavity.
→Rapid death.
→Grow rapidly and release air-borne spores.
→Enter through nose, oral mucosa and throat.
→Attack immunelow peoples
Pulmonary-Rare diseases occur in patients who have prolonged neutropaenia.
Treatment with deferoxamine
Indistinguishable from Invasive Pulmonary Aspegillosis.
Symptoms: fever , Cough , dyspnoea, Chest Pain, Pleural effusion.
Species: Mucormycotina
Spores -3 to 11 µm.
Disseminated- Rare, fatal complication disease.
Multiorgans manifestations.
Symptoms: mental status changes.
Occur who are already sick from medical condition.
Leads to coma.
Gastrointestinal- Transmission: Inhalation of spores.
Common in children.
Affects Immuno-comprised patients.
Symptoms varies depend upon the part of the body.
Common Symptoms: abdominal pain, Bowel Obstruction, Vomiting , Bloody diarrhea,Dyspepsia.
Prognosis is very poor.
cutaneous- Reddish and swollen skin, skin trauma, ulcer.
*mainly painful patches of skin.
* fungal enter through skin.
*patients who are low Ig A and IgG antibodies.
*skin theraphy , transplantation.
Prognosis-Very poor
*Surgery can done
depend upon area
Treatment-Antifungal medicine, usually amphotericin B, through a vein.
Majocchi Granuloma, Masquerading As Psoriasis: A ReviewSpurthiPunam
Majocchi’s granuloma (MG) is a rare, atypical yet well recognized deep infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue caused by dermatophytes such as anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum; however, other dermatophytes including T. mentagrophytes T. epilans, T. violaceum, M. audouinii, M. gypseum, M. ferrugineum, and M. canis may be the causative agent usually limited to the superficial epidermis. In both healthy individuals and immunocompromised hosts MG is characterized clinically by papular, pustular or nodular inflammatory lesions occurring typically on the limbs or face, immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for infection. A favorable factor for the infection is an injury caused by epilation, which together with an existing fungal infection. The aim of this article is to provide a detailed review on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, risk factors, pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment options.
Furuncularmyiasis in a Child Caused by Flesh Fly (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) and ...inventionjournals
We report the case of a two-year-old boy with hyper eosinophilia who presented with a swelling on his left scapular that had persisted for more than three weeks. A second-stage larva of Wohlfahrtia magnifica was found with associated bacterial organisms such as Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, leading to the diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis. Following removal of the larva and secondary bacterial therapy, the clinical and hematological manifestations returned to normal. Diagnosis of myiasis and associated secondary infections should always be kept in mind in the event of clinical signs of furuncular lesions, pain, fever, exudation which may be accompanied by eosinophilia.
Histopathology of Multiple viral infections in lung of camel (Camelus Dromeda...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi
Division: Zygomycota
Class: Mucormycotina
Order: Mucorales
Family: Mucoraceae
Genus: Mucor
Morphology- →Common contaminant. →Colonies are fast-growing and resemble white-to-gray cotton candy. →Hyphae are wide, 6-15μ. →No rhizoids →Sporangiophores are long, branch, Large (50-300μ).
culture media
Life cycle - vegetative , asexual, sexual
epidemology,
Clinical feature,
Rhinocerebral-Opportunistic infection of sinuses , nasal passages , oral cavity.
→Rapid death.
→Grow rapidly and release air-borne spores.
→Enter through nose, oral mucosa and throat.
→Attack immunelow peoples
Pulmonary-Rare diseases occur in patients who have prolonged neutropaenia.
Treatment with deferoxamine
Indistinguishable from Invasive Pulmonary Aspegillosis.
Symptoms: fever , Cough , dyspnoea, Chest Pain, Pleural effusion.
Species: Mucormycotina
Spores -3 to 11 µm.
Disseminated- Rare, fatal complication disease.
Multiorgans manifestations.
Symptoms: mental status changes.
Occur who are already sick from medical condition.
Leads to coma.
Gastrointestinal- Transmission: Inhalation of spores.
Common in children.
Affects Immuno-comprised patients.
Symptoms varies depend upon the part of the body.
Common Symptoms: abdominal pain, Bowel Obstruction, Vomiting , Bloody diarrhea,Dyspepsia.
Prognosis is very poor.
cutaneous- Reddish and swollen skin, skin trauma, ulcer.
*mainly painful patches of skin.
* fungal enter through skin.
*patients who are low Ig A and IgG antibodies.
*skin theraphy , transplantation.
Prognosis-Very poor
*Surgery can done
depend upon area
Treatment-Antifungal medicine, usually amphotericin B, through a vein.
Majocchi Granuloma, Masquerading As Psoriasis: A ReviewSpurthiPunam
Majocchi’s granuloma (MG) is a rare, atypical yet well recognized deep infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue caused by dermatophytes such as anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum; however, other dermatophytes including T. mentagrophytes T. epilans, T. violaceum, M. audouinii, M. gypseum, M. ferrugineum, and M. canis may be the causative agent usually limited to the superficial epidermis. In both healthy individuals and immunocompromised hosts MG is characterized clinically by papular, pustular or nodular inflammatory lesions occurring typically on the limbs or face, immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for infection. A favorable factor for the infection is an injury caused by epilation, which together with an existing fungal infection. The aim of this article is to provide a detailed review on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, risk factors, pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment options.
The main aim of Corona is transmission of disease from person to person, and it had also been declared as a global pandemic which has caused disaster in the respiratory system of more than five million people and killed more than half a billion people across the world. Patients surviving from Covid-19 have lower immunosuppressive CD4+ T and CD8+ T Cells. And most of the patients are in severe need of mechanical ventilation. This is the reason for a longer stay in hospital for a particular patient. Gradually, these patients have been discovered to develop fungal co-infection. This infection is deadly leading to loss of hearing, loss of sight and eventually death. The fungal infection is referred to as Mucormycosis, the black fungus. The causative agent for this infection is Mucormycotina which is a member of Mucorales. Mucormycotina usually habitats in soil and decaying organic matter. The infection of Mucormycotina is associated with a wide range of human diseases including arthritis, gastritis, renal disorders and pulmonary diseases. This infection is closely associated with the mucous layer of skin, precisely cutaneous layer. This infection is present in the nasal and upper respiratory tract. In the lower respiratory tract these infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of precise methods. It was found those neutroponia patients are more
prone to this infection. This is caused by extensive use of chemotherapy resulting in impaired immunity. In recent times, in the case of pulmonary Mucormycosis, necrotizing pneumonia is a major symptom. A combination of antifungal and antimicrobial
agents is being used for a higher clinical recovery in the Mucormycosis case.
A presentation with a view on how infection spreads through the focus of dental caries into a full cellulitis. Since dentists have to deal often with large space infections, this presentation helps to review your knowledge in this subject. - Dr. Abhishek John Samuel, MDS, Endodontics
Mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest self-replicating bacteria .These microorganisms lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a single membrane, the plasma membrane. The lack of a cell wall is used to distinguish these microorganisms from ordinary bacteria and to include them in a separate class named Mollicutes. Most human and animal mollicutes are Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species of the family Mycoplasmataceae. Because mycoplasmas have an extremely small genome, these organisms have limited metabolic options for replication and survival. The smallest genome of a self-replicating organism known at present is the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium (0.58 Mb). Owing to their limited biosynthetic capabilities, most mycoplasmas are parasites exhibiting strict host and tissue specificities. The mycoplasmas enter an appropriate host in which they multiply and survive for long periods of time. These microorganisms have evolved molecular mechanisms needed to deal with the host immune response and the transfer and colonization in a new host. These mechanisms include mimicry of host antigens, survival within phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, and generation of phenotypic plasticity. The major question is whether mycoplasmas cause damage to the host cells and to what extent the damage is clinically apparent. Mycoplasmas have long resisted detailed analyses because of complex nutritional requirements, poor growth yields, and a paucity of useful genetic tools. Although questions still far outnumber answers, significant progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms by which mycoplasmas interact and damage eukaryotic host cells. Many animal mycoplasmas depend on adhesion to host tissues for colonization and infection. In these mycoplasmas adherence is the major virulence factor, and adherence-deficient mutants are avirulent. Primary interactions between the host and mycoplasma cells occur through cell surface adhesins produced by the mycoplasma. The adhesins have been characterized in only a limited number of mycoplasmas, and while there are homologs of the characterized adhesins in some other mycoplasmas, it is clear that different molecules and structures may be involved in adhesion in different species.
Clinicomycological profile of Dermatophytosis in a teaching hospitalinventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mucormycosis or Black Fungus is badly affecting Covid 19 patients who underwent treatment with steroids.
Even though Black Fungus is present everywhere in our environment, it infects the immuno-compromised people.
The main aim of Corona is transmission of disease from person to person, and it had also been declared as a global pandemic which has caused disaster in the respiratory system of more than five million people and killed more than half a billion people across the world. Patients surviving from Covid-19 have lower immunosuppressive CD4+ T and CD8+ T Cells. And most of the patients are in severe need of mechanical ventilation. This is the reason for a longer stay in hospital for a particular patient. Gradually, these patients have been discovered to develop fungal co-infection. This infection is deadly leading to loss of hearing, loss of sight and eventually death. The fungal infection is referred to as Mucormycosis, the black fungus. The causative agent for this infection is Mucormycotina which is a member of Mucorales. Mucormycotina usually habitats in soil and decaying organic matter. The infection of Mucormycotina is associated with a wide range of human diseases including arthritis, gastritis, renal disorders and pulmonary diseases. This infection is closely associated with the mucous layer of skin, precisely cutaneous layer. This infection is present in the nasal and upper respiratory tract. In the lower respiratory tract these infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of precise methods. It was found those neutroponia patients are more
prone to this infection. This is caused by extensive use of chemotherapy resulting in impaired immunity. In recent times, in the case of pulmonary Mucormycosis, necrotizing pneumonia is a major symptom. A combination of antifungal and antimicrobial
agents is being used for a higher clinical recovery in the Mucormycosis case.
A presentation with a view on how infection spreads through the focus of dental caries into a full cellulitis. Since dentists have to deal often with large space infections, this presentation helps to review your knowledge in this subject. - Dr. Abhishek John Samuel, MDS, Endodontics
Mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest self-replicating bacteria .These microorganisms lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a single membrane, the plasma membrane. The lack of a cell wall is used to distinguish these microorganisms from ordinary bacteria and to include them in a separate class named Mollicutes. Most human and animal mollicutes are Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species of the family Mycoplasmataceae. Because mycoplasmas have an extremely small genome, these organisms have limited metabolic options for replication and survival. The smallest genome of a self-replicating organism known at present is the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium (0.58 Mb). Owing to their limited biosynthetic capabilities, most mycoplasmas are parasites exhibiting strict host and tissue specificities. The mycoplasmas enter an appropriate host in which they multiply and survive for long periods of time. These microorganisms have evolved molecular mechanisms needed to deal with the host immune response and the transfer and colonization in a new host. These mechanisms include mimicry of host antigens, survival within phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, and generation of phenotypic plasticity. The major question is whether mycoplasmas cause damage to the host cells and to what extent the damage is clinically apparent. Mycoplasmas have long resisted detailed analyses because of complex nutritional requirements, poor growth yields, and a paucity of useful genetic tools. Although questions still far outnumber answers, significant progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms by which mycoplasmas interact and damage eukaryotic host cells. Many animal mycoplasmas depend on adhesion to host tissues for colonization and infection. In these mycoplasmas adherence is the major virulence factor, and adherence-deficient mutants are avirulent. Primary interactions between the host and mycoplasma cells occur through cell surface adhesins produced by the mycoplasma. The adhesins have been characterized in only a limited number of mycoplasmas, and while there are homologs of the characterized adhesins in some other mycoplasmas, it is clear that different molecules and structures may be involved in adhesion in different species.
Clinicomycological profile of Dermatophytosis in a teaching hospitalinventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mucormycosis or Black Fungus is badly affecting Covid 19 patients who underwent treatment with steroids.
Even though Black Fungus is present everywhere in our environment, it infects the immuno-compromised people.
This presentation give a brief background about infection control, source of infection, what microorganisms need to grow and impact of infection on patients and healthcare system.
Introduction to Basic Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyChittaranjan Das
Contains basic of pharmaceutical microbiology and major microflora in the cleanroom. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Common microorganisms in the cleanroom and diseases they produce. Biofilm in the pharmaceutical cleanroom.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
