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RECTIFIERS
Mr.P.Sandeep
Asst Prof, Department of ECE
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
RECTIFIERS
• Rectifier is an electronic device which is used for
converting an alternating quantity (Voltage or
current) into unidirectional i.e. Direct quantity
(Voltage or current).
• The input to a rectifier is AC whereas its output
is unidirectional or DC.
NEED OF RECTIFIER
• Every electronic circuit needs a DC power
source for its operation.
• This DC voltage has to be obtained from
AC supply.
• Block diagram of Rectifier:
TYPES OF RECTIFIER
Half-wave rectifier
During Positive Cycle Of Input
During Negative Cycle Of Input
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER CAPACITOR FILTER
• Input of Half wave Rectifier is Vs=VmSin(ὠt)
• Diode D conducts for 0 to π duration and π to 2 π diode
does not conduct due to reverse bias.
• So the current through diode is
• Peak current Im is given by
Average or DC Current Idc
Average or DC output current of half wave rectifier is given
by
Vdc=
RMS Current Irms
The RMS current I is given by,
Substituting the value of I in above equation , and we get
Vrms=
Average or DC Output Voltage (Vdc)
• Average or DC output voltage of half wave rectifier is given by
• RMS Voltage (Vrms)
• RMS value of voltage across the load resistor is given by
DC Output Power (Pdc)
• The output dc power across the load resistor RL forms the
useful output power and is given by,
• Total AC Input Power
•
Rectifier Efficiency
• It is defined as the ratio of the dc output power Pdc to the a.c.
input Power Pi and is, therefore, given by,
• Rectifier Efficiency
• Maximum value of rectifier efficiency of a half wave rectifier is
only 40.6% and this is obtained when
Ripple Factor
• This is defined as ratio of the effective value of te a.c.
components of voltage (or current) to the direct or average
value.
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)
• It is the maximum reverse voltage which the rectifier is
required to withstand during nonconducting period.
• In half wave rectifier, PIV equals Vm,the peak value of applied
voltage.
• However on using a capacitor filter, the PIV ration of the
diode increases to 2 Vm.
Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF)
• It is defined as the ratio of dc power delivered to the load and
ac rating of the transformer secondary winding.
Regulation
• Regulation is the variation of output voltage with the
change in load current.
• Percentage Regulation
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (CENTER TAPPED
TRANSFORMER)
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (BRIDGE)
Full Wave Rectifier( Center tapped Transformer)
with Capacitor Filter & Regulator
Lecture 6 Rectifiers.ppt

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Lecture 6 Rectifiers.ppt

  • 1. RECTIFIERS Mr.P.Sandeep Asst Prof, Department of ECE Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
  • 2. RECTIFIERS • Rectifier is an electronic device which is used for converting an alternating quantity (Voltage or current) into unidirectional i.e. Direct quantity (Voltage or current). • The input to a rectifier is AC whereas its output is unidirectional or DC.
  • 3. NEED OF RECTIFIER • Every electronic circuit needs a DC power source for its operation. • This DC voltage has to be obtained from AC supply.
  • 4. • Block diagram of Rectifier:
  • 5.
  • 8. During Positive Cycle Of Input During Negative Cycle Of Input
  • 9.
  • 10. HALF WAVE RECTIFIER CAPACITOR FILTER
  • 11. • Input of Half wave Rectifier is Vs=VmSin(ὠt) • Diode D conducts for 0 to π duration and π to 2 π diode does not conduct due to reverse bias. • So the current through diode is • Peak current Im is given by
  • 12. Average or DC Current Idc Average or DC output current of half wave rectifier is given by Vdc=
  • 13. RMS Current Irms The RMS current I is given by, Substituting the value of I in above equation , and we get Vrms=
  • 14. Average or DC Output Voltage (Vdc) • Average or DC output voltage of half wave rectifier is given by • RMS Voltage (Vrms) • RMS value of voltage across the load resistor is given by
  • 15. DC Output Power (Pdc) • The output dc power across the load resistor RL forms the useful output power and is given by, • Total AC Input Power •
  • 16. Rectifier Efficiency • It is defined as the ratio of the dc output power Pdc to the a.c. input Power Pi and is, therefore, given by, • Rectifier Efficiency • Maximum value of rectifier efficiency of a half wave rectifier is only 40.6% and this is obtained when
  • 17. Ripple Factor • This is defined as ratio of the effective value of te a.c. components of voltage (or current) to the direct or average value.
  • 18. Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) • It is the maximum reverse voltage which the rectifier is required to withstand during nonconducting period. • In half wave rectifier, PIV equals Vm,the peak value of applied voltage. • However on using a capacitor filter, the PIV ration of the diode increases to 2 Vm.
  • 19. Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF) • It is defined as the ratio of dc power delivered to the load and ac rating of the transformer secondary winding.
  • 20. Regulation • Regulation is the variation of output voltage with the change in load current. • Percentage Regulation
  • 21. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (CENTER TAPPED TRANSFORMER)
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Full Wave Rectifier( Center tapped Transformer) with Capacitor Filter & Regulator