This document discusses key concepts in external beam therapy including: 1) Photon fluence, photon fluence rate, kerma, exposure, and absorbed dose which are quantities used to describe photon beams. 2) Important radiation treatment parameters including depth of treatment, field size, source-skin distance, source-axis distance, beam energy, number of beams, and monitor units. 3) Percentage depth dose curves which provide information about beam quality and energy based on how the absorbed dose changes with depth for different field sizes and energies.