This document discusses planning and implementing communication systems in residential and non-residential buildings. It covers key components of satellite TV distribution systems including multi-switches, amplifiers, splitters, TV sockets, cables, and provides examples of system designs. The key elements covered are multi-switches, which receive satellite signals and distribute to outputs; amplifiers, which strengthen signals to overcome losses; splitters, which distribute one input signal to multiple outputs; TV sockets for connecting TVs; and coaxial cables for signal transmission. Examples provided include designs for residential buildings with different numbers of floors and housing units.

1. Planning and Implementing Communications Systems in
Residential and Non-Residential Buildings
Dr. Abdelhay Ali

2. Lecture 2
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3. References
Textbooks
1- Low Current Systems for Electrical Power Engineers by prof. Mahmoud Gilany
2- Light Current Systems Guide by Dr. Abd Almonem Shaban
3- Low-Current Systems Engineer'S Technical Handbook , A Guide to Design and
Supervision" by Habbieb Mansour.
Online classes at other schools
Light Current Course 2021 Level#3
3

4. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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5. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
5

6. Multiswitch
➢Technical Specifications of Multi-switch
1- The number of entry and exitports. Inputs/Outputs
Inputs are based on the number of satellites and the terrestrial arial; Knowing that each satellite has four
points (Vertical H / L and Horizontal H / L), and the terrestrial only one point. In the SMATV, the lowest number
of inputs equals 5 outlets
➢In the case of using 2 satellites and a terrestrial arial, we will need 9
inputs; Therefore, the multi-switch is available in standard numbers
according to the companies. Produced where it is available in different
capacitiesfrom17-13-9 -5 Inputs
➢As for the outputs, it depends on the number of users (ie the number
of receivers);

7. Multiswitch

8. Multiswitch
➢Technical Specifications of Multi-switch
2- Through Loss
It means the value of the loss in the signal coming out of the multi-switch and transmitted to the next multi-
switch,and it is measuredin decibels.

9. Multiswitch
➢Technical Specifications of Multi-switch
3-FrequencyRange
It means the range of frequencies that the Multi-switch receives from the LNB and the antenna; As we
mentioned earlier, the electrical signal IF frequency ranges from 950 MHz to 2150 MHz, which is related to the
LNB output, and the RF frequencyrangesfrom 47 MHz to 862MHz.

10. Multiswitch
➢Technical Specifications of Multi-switch

11. Multiswitch
➢What does it mean that the multi-switch with the following
specifications is 5x5x8?
This type is called Cascaded(opposite to Radial Multiswitch )
because it receives the signal and outputsit to the next multi-
switch,as well as connectingthe receivers to it.

12. Multiswitch
➢Cascaded multi-switch

13. Multiswitch
➢Radial Multiswitch

14. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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15. Amplifier
➢The amplifier is used to strengthen the signal, whether the signal is through
the terrestrial antenna or it is received from the satellite through the LNB
➢It must be taken into account that the signal strength at the output of the TV
socket before connecting to the TV is within the range of 65-80 dB;
➢Therefore, the amplifier must be used in the SMATV to overcome the losses
as a result of the cable paths and the losses that occur as a result of Multi-
switch

16. Amplifier
➢Amplifiers increase the strength of signals
received to a level greater amplifier gain than
the losses in the distribution system.
➢The determines the level of signal increase,
which should be high enough to provide an
acceptable signal level to all televisions in the
system.

17. Amplifier
➢Amplifier Technical Specifications
1- The number of Inputs depends on the number of satellites and the terrestrial arial; It
is available in capacities 9 – 5 - 17-13 as in the case of the. Multi-switch
2- The amplification factor of the Gain signal is measured in decibels.
3- The Frequency Range, which means the range of frequencies that the amplifier
receives from the LNB (satellite and ground antenna).

18. Amplifier
➢Amplifier Technical Specifications
1- The number of Inputs depends on the number of satellites and the terrestrial arial; It
is available in capacities 9 – 5 - 17-13 as in the case of the. Multi-switch
2- The amplification factor of the Gain signal is measured in decibels.
3- The Frequency Range, which means the range of frequencies that the amplifier
receives from the LNB (satellite and ground antenna).

19. Amplifier

20. Amplifier
➢The amplifier’s specifications should be checked carefully to ensure that the output level is sufficient to
feed the system and the strength of the input signal plus the gain of the amplifier does not exceed its rated
maximum output capability.
➢Exceeding the maximum output capability will result in overloading (cross modulation in broadband
amplifiers) and overall signal distortion
➢

21. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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22. Splitter
➢The idea of this element is to distribute the signal entering it to several outputs with a specific loss
occurring in all of these outputs (Output (Ways)

23. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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24. TV socket
➢The TV socket is installed and distributed on the wall next to the TV,
depending on the architectural panels
➢Three outputs for TV, radio and receiver come out of the TV socket,

25. TV socket
➢The 3-connectorwall outlet (Radio -TV - SAT) shall be suitable for all FM, TV and satellite receivers. It
shall be suitable for flush mounted and fully shielded. The output impedance for the FM, TV and SAT
socket shall be 75 ohms.
➢a) Satellite socket shall be female type (IEC 169-24 Female).
b) TV socket shall be male type (IEC 169-2 Male).
c) Radio socket shall be female type (IEC 169-2 Female).

26. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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27. Cables
➢The cable used in the SMATV is Coaxial Cable
The CoaxialCable consists of a copper wire surrounded by a group of stranded wires, separated by an insulating
layer, with a resistanceof 75 ohms, as shown in the picture, and it is specially made to transmitthe signal.
The coaxial is available in different types (RG59- RG6 - RG11)thatdiffer in the cross-sectionalarea and
thereforethe maximum distanceor path of the cable

28. Cables
➢The RG11 is used to connect the Multi-switch and some of it. It is also used to connect the Amplifier and
Multi-switch. The RG11 cables can transmit the signal up to 600 meters.
➢The RG6 is used to connect between the multi-switch and the outputs of the TV. RG6 cables can transmit
signal up to 250 meters;
➢It should be noted that the cable is of the approved types and operates on frequencies from 47MHz to
2400MHz

29. Cables

30. Cables
The following table shows the percentage of signal loss depending on the length of the cable in
the RG11

31. Cables
The following table shows the percentage of signal loss depending on the length of the cable in
the RG6

32. Outline
1. Multi-switch
2. Amplifier
3. Splitter
4. TV socket
5. Cables
6. Examples
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33. Examples
Example 1
The following Diagram shows the design of SMATV for a residential building consisting of 11
floors in addition to the ground floor.
There are 8 housing units on each floor; It is required to provide two exits in each housing unit;
Therefore, it is necessary to provide 16 exits per floor

34. Examples
Example 1
Multi-switch = 5x5x16
Amplifier between each two Multi-switch
All cables between the Multi-switch as well as the Amplifier
shown in the drawing in red are all Coaxial cables of the type
RG 11
- All cables between the Multi-switch and the outputs of the
TV Socket shown in the drawing in black are all Coaxial cables
of the type RG6

35. Examples
Example 2
Multi-switch = 9x9x8

36. Examples
Example 3
Multi-switch = 9x9x12

37. Examples
Example 4
In the case of projects with a large area, it is preferable
to work more than one path in the project. This is done
through the use of Splitter as shown the diagram,
The floor can be divided into more than Multi-switch .

38. Thanks
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