Lecture 2 preparatory processes
•
1 like•290 views
The document discusses various preparatory processes for cotton textiles including desizing, scouring, and bleaching. Desizing involves removing starch sizes added during weaving using hydrolysis or oxidation. Scouring uses alkaline solutions to remove natural impurities like fats, waxes, pectins and proteins. Bleaching removes color pigments through oxidation, with hydrogen peroxide being a commonly used bleaching agent. Modern preparatory processes often combine and continuousize these steps for improved efficiency and environmental performance.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Composition of cotton ,[object Object],8.0 Moisture 1.0 Mineral Matter 0.5 Colouring matter 1.1 Proteins 0.7 Pectins 0.5 Oils, Fats and Waxes 88 Cellulose % Constituent](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Class desizing
The document discusses different methods for desizing cotton fabric, which is the process of removing starch-based "size" added during weaving. The three main methods are:
1. Rot steeping, the oldest method, uses microorganisms in water to secrete enzymes that break down starch over 24 hours. It is cheap but slow.
2. Acid desizing uses dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze starch in 8-12 hours. It is faster but the acid can damage fibers if not properly handled.
3. Enzyme desizing uses specific enzymes at optimal temperatures and pH to rapidly liquefy starch for removal. It is the fastest method if conditions are carefully
Lecture 2 tt 241 composotion of cotton and desizing
Cotton is composed primarily of cellulose. It also contains small amounts of proteins, pectins, oils, waxes, and mineral matter. Starch is often added during the sizing process to strengthen cotton fibers before weaving. The purpose of preparatory processes is to remove these natural and added impurities with minimum damage to fibers. Desizing is the process of removing size or starch through hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzymatic reactions to facilitate dyeing and further processing. Bacterial enzymes are commonly used for desizing in textile industry as they are effective under industrial conditions.
L textile industry
The document discusses industrial waste treatment from the textile industry. Textile mills use various fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetics that generate different types of wastewater. The wastewater pollutants come from the fibers and chemicals used in processing. Cotton textile mills produce yarn from raw cotton through steps like opening, cleaning, picking, carding, drawing and spinning - which are dry operations that do not produce liquid waste. Wet processes like scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and finishing generate wastewater with varying properties. Common chemicals used include enzymes, caustic soda, peroxides, and dyes. Textile mill waste is characterized by a pH of 9.8
Comperitive study of scouring
The document discusses scouring, which is a process used to purify cotton and cotton-blended textiles by removing impurities like oils, waxes, and dirt. It describes two main types of scouring: alkaline scouring, which uses high concentrations of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures; and bio/enzymatic scouring, which uses enzymes like pectinase and lipase at lower temperatures. Alkaline scouring is faster and removes more impurities but is harsher on fibers, more costly, and produces more wastewater. Bio scouring is gentler on fibers, more environmentally friendly, and reduces costs over the full production process though it has
Paper & pulp industry by er. sanyam s. saini (me regular) (2012-14)
The document provides an overview of the paper industry. It discusses that paper is made from wood or recycled fibers by separating them into pulp. India's paper industry converts wood or agro residues into paper. The key steps in paper making involve preparing and pulping raw materials, washing and bleaching pulp, processing it on a paper machine, and drying the final paper product. The industry impacts the environment through air emissions and solid wastes generated during pulping, bleaching, and paper production.
Air dyeing mechanism
The document discusses various waterless dyeing mechanisms, including air dyeing, supercritical fluid (CO2) dyeing, plasma treatment dyeing, and foam dyeing. Air dyeing uses high pressure air flow to transport atomized dye onto fabrics without water. Supercritical CO2 dyeing dissolves and deposits dyes using compressed CO2 above its critical point. Plasma treatment increases fabric wettability before dyeing. Foam dyeing pads fabrics with dye-containing foam to reduce water usage. These techniques aim to reduce the textile industry's environmental impact by consuming less water and energy during dyeing.
Presentation on Textile Desizing
This document describes different methods of desizing fabrics. Desizing is necessary to remove starch-based sizing agents applied to warp yarns before weaving. The key methods discussed are hydrolytic desizing using water and microorganisms, acid desizing using dilute acid solutions, and enzymatic desizing using enzymes like malt extract. Oxidative desizing using oxidizing agents like sodium bromite is also covered, which oxidizes and depolymerizes the starch sizing agents. The document provides details on the processes and chemicals involved in each desizing method.
Technological development in wet processing technology
The document discusses recent technological developments in wet processing for the textile industry. It covers innovations in dyes and chemicals, preparation processes, dyeing techniques, and finishing methods. Some key developments mentioned include non-fluorine water repellents, enzyme-based fabric preparation processes, plasma technology applications, dyeing in supercritical fluids, foam finishing, and ultrasonic assisted textile processing. The overall focus of innovations is on improving sustainability by reducing energy and chemical usage while maintaining quality.
Recommended
Class desizing
The document discusses different methods for desizing cotton fabric, which is the process of removing starch-based "size" added during weaving. The three main methods are:
1. Rot steeping, the oldest method, uses microorganisms in water to secrete enzymes that break down starch over 24 hours. It is cheap but slow.
2. Acid desizing uses dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze starch in 8-12 hours. It is faster but the acid can damage fibers if not properly handled.
3. Enzyme desizing uses specific enzymes at optimal temperatures and pH to rapidly liquefy starch for removal. It is the fastest method if conditions are carefully
Lecture 2 tt 241 composotion of cotton and desizing
Cotton is composed primarily of cellulose. It also contains small amounts of proteins, pectins, oils, waxes, and mineral matter. Starch is often added during the sizing process to strengthen cotton fibers before weaving. The purpose of preparatory processes is to remove these natural and added impurities with minimum damage to fibers. Desizing is the process of removing size or starch through hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzymatic reactions to facilitate dyeing and further processing. Bacterial enzymes are commonly used for desizing in textile industry as they are effective under industrial conditions.
L textile industry
The document discusses industrial waste treatment from the textile industry. Textile mills use various fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetics that generate different types of wastewater. The wastewater pollutants come from the fibers and chemicals used in processing. Cotton textile mills produce yarn from raw cotton through steps like opening, cleaning, picking, carding, drawing and spinning - which are dry operations that do not produce liquid waste. Wet processes like scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and finishing generate wastewater with varying properties. Common chemicals used include enzymes, caustic soda, peroxides, and dyes. Textile mill waste is characterized by a pH of 9.8
Comperitive study of scouring
The document discusses scouring, which is a process used to purify cotton and cotton-blended textiles by removing impurities like oils, waxes, and dirt. It describes two main types of scouring: alkaline scouring, which uses high concentrations of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures; and bio/enzymatic scouring, which uses enzymes like pectinase and lipase at lower temperatures. Alkaline scouring is faster and removes more impurities but is harsher on fibers, more costly, and produces more wastewater. Bio scouring is gentler on fibers, more environmentally friendly, and reduces costs over the full production process though it has
Paper & pulp industry by er. sanyam s. saini (me regular) (2012-14)
The document provides an overview of the paper industry. It discusses that paper is made from wood or recycled fibers by separating them into pulp. India's paper industry converts wood or agro residues into paper. The key steps in paper making involve preparing and pulping raw materials, washing and bleaching pulp, processing it on a paper machine, and drying the final paper product. The industry impacts the environment through air emissions and solid wastes generated during pulping, bleaching, and paper production.
Air dyeing mechanism
The document discusses various waterless dyeing mechanisms, including air dyeing, supercritical fluid (CO2) dyeing, plasma treatment dyeing, and foam dyeing. Air dyeing uses high pressure air flow to transport atomized dye onto fabrics without water. Supercritical CO2 dyeing dissolves and deposits dyes using compressed CO2 above its critical point. Plasma treatment increases fabric wettability before dyeing. Foam dyeing pads fabrics with dye-containing foam to reduce water usage. These techniques aim to reduce the textile industry's environmental impact by consuming less water and energy during dyeing.
Presentation on Textile Desizing
This document describes different methods of desizing fabrics. Desizing is necessary to remove starch-based sizing agents applied to warp yarns before weaving. The key methods discussed are hydrolytic desizing using water and microorganisms, acid desizing using dilute acid solutions, and enzymatic desizing using enzymes like malt extract. Oxidative desizing using oxidizing agents like sodium bromite is also covered, which oxidizes and depolymerizes the starch sizing agents. The document provides details on the processes and chemicals involved in each desizing method.
Technological development in wet processing technology
The document discusses recent technological developments in wet processing for the textile industry. It covers innovations in dyes and chemicals, preparation processes, dyeing techniques, and finishing methods. Some key developments mentioned include non-fluorine water repellents, enzyme-based fabric preparation processes, plasma technology applications, dyeing in supercritical fluids, foam finishing, and ultrasonic assisted textile processing. The overall focus of innovations is on improving sustainability by reducing energy and chemical usage while maintaining quality.
Tannery waste
The document summarizes the tannery process, associated wastewater treatment, and impact on public health. It describes the various stages of tanning including soaking, liming, pickling, and tanning. This generates wastewater high in salts, chromium, sulfides, and organic matter. Primary treatment includes screening, equalization, coagulation, and sludge dewatering to remove solids and reduce BOD and COD. Effluent standards vary by country but are often exceeded by tanneries. Pollutants from tanneries like chromium, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide can cause respiratory illness and dermatitis. Alternative treatment methods are evaluated based on cost, technical criteria, and
2 Pre treatments of textile material.ppt
The basic objective of pretreatment processing is removal of added or natural impurities present in textile fibres to improve the absorbency.
BY:ROHIT SINGH
tannery industry operation, process and treatment
This document discusses the tannery industry and tannery effluent treatment. It describes the tanning process that converts raw hides into stable leather. It outlines the various preparatory and tanning stages including soaking, liming, unhairing, and pickling. It then analyzes the characteristics of tannery effluent, such as high levels of BOD, solids, salts, oils, and chromium. Finally, it discusses common treatment methods for removing solids, biodegradable organics, oils, and chromium from effluent through processes like sedimentation, filtration, and adsorption. The key challenges are high salinity levels after treatment and cost-effective sludge disposal or utilization
Waste Management of Bakery Industry
Bakery industry being one of the major industries in world are also causing huge amount of waste during its processing. Thus it is highly important for any industry to deal with its waste management processes so that it does not adversely effect the environment.
Pollution prevention in textile industry
The document discusses pollution prevention and water recycling in the textile industry. It covers compliance, sustainability, effluent treatment plants (ETPs), and best management practices (BMPs). Key points include:
- Textile effluent contains pollutants from processes like dyeing and finishing that require treatment to reduce toxicity through separation or cracking molecules.
- ETPs use primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments like sedimentation and biological processes to purify wastewater before recycling or disposal.
- Water recycling techniques like membrane filtration can allow treated effluent to be reused in textile processes. BMPs also provide ways to reduce water usage through techniques like internal water recycling.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and clean. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous kier boiling and continuous j-box scouring. Kier boiling involves loading fabric into a heated vessel and spraying alkali solution onto it over several hours. J-box scouring passes fabric continuously through an impregnation box, preheater and j-box where it is stored in alkali solution. The main objectives of scouring are to remove oils, waxes and other impurities, increase absorbency and prepare fabrics for downstream processing.
Technical development of wet processing
This document discusses recent technical developments in wet processing for the textile industry. It covers innovations in dyes and chemicals, preparation, dyeing, printing, finishing, digital printing, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and ultrasonic textile processing. New environmentally friendly products are highlighted from companies like Archroma, Americhem, HeiQ Materials, and Novozymes. Machinery innovations from Benninger focus on reducing the carbon footprint and environmental impact of wet processing.
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and constituents of cotton fibers, including natural impurities, fats and waxes, pectins, proteins, colouring matter, and mineral matter. It also describes the purpose and principles of preparatory processes used in the textile industry such as desizing. Desizing is the process of removing size, primarily starch, applied during weaving to prevent warp breakage. Common desizing methods include hydrolysis using acids or enzymes to break down starch into soluble fragments.
Chemical processing pretreatment
Pretreatment ,Impurities in natural fibre; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends,Carbonization ,Scouring barium acitivity number .
Catalogue
Our Products document summarizes different types of activated carbon products:
1) Activated carbon for water purification reduces organic compounds, chlorine, lead, radon, and odors in drinking water.
2) Powder activated carbon (PAC) is made in particulate or powder form less than 1mm in size, presenting a large surface area. PAC is used for water treatment and industrial processes.
3) Cylindrical activated carbon ranges from 0.9mm to 9.0mm in diameter and is used for air and fluid purification across industries such as food and pharmaceuticals.
tannery industry
tannery industry is the industry where leather is manufactured from the skins of animals . the whole process and the way it affects the water and their treatment has been mentioned in this ppt.
Bleaching process in textile processing
Natural fibers contain coloring compounds that make them appear off-white. The objective of bleaching is to remove these color bodies and produce a white fabric using oxidizing bleaching agents while minimizing fiber damage. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used bleaching agent for cotton and blends. It works through its decomposition product, perhydroxyl ion, which breaks the double bonds in color compounds at an optimal pH of 10-11. Proper regulation of perhydroxyl ions through stabilizers prevents rapid decomposition of the bleach and fiber degradation. Temperature, time, concentration, and liquor ratio must be optimized to achieve effective bleaching with minimal impact on strength properties.
Unit 3- Pollution and treatment of tanner and efflunt
The document discusses various finishing processes used in tanneries. It describes drying, bleaching, dyeing, fat liquoring, and calendering processes. It also discusses pollution caused by tanneries and describes primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment methods used, including mechanical screening, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, and biological treatments to reduce BOD and COD levels before discharge.
Ada 3
El documento proporciona información sobre la Estación Espacial Internacional (ISS), incluyendo que es un proyecto científico y técnico ambicioso que involucra a diez países europeos junto con Estados Unidos, Japón, Canadá y Rusia. También lista los países que forman parte de la ISS: Rusia, Estados Unidos, Europa, Canadá, Japón e Italia.
1995 FR on Prebles meadow jumping mouse
The document announces that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service finds that there is substantial information to indicate that listing the Preble's meadow jumping mouse as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act may be warranted. The petition requests listing of the species due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation threatening the only two known populations in Colorado. The Service will further review the status of the species to determine if listing is actually warranted within 12 months.
Consumer_Insights_about_Gesture_Interaction_in_Vehicles
The white paper discusses two research studies on consumer perceptions and usability of gesture interaction in vehicles. The first study with 11 participants found that gestures were faster and more successful than traditional controls for most tasks, though opening the glovebox was slower. The second study with 45 consumers found initial skepticism toward gestures but most were able to successfully use gestures for tasks like lights and calls. Overall, gestures were seen as more enjoyable than traditional controls when focused on simple, valuable uses.
Lecture 4 dyeing basics
The document defines dyeing as uniformly coloring textile materials like fibers, yarns or fabrics. Dyes are soluble color compounds that penetrate the fiber and interact with it, while pigments do not penetrate or interact. Different types of dyes include direct, acid, reactive, disperse etc suitable for different fibers like cotton, wool, nylon, polyester. Dyeing methods include batch/exhaust for small quantities and continuous dyeing for larger quantities using machines like jiggers, beam dyeing and padding mangles. Key factors in dyeing are dye exhaustion, fixation and wash fastness depending on dye-fiber interactions and forces of attraction.
How to earn serious money with bitcoin
http://earnwithmining.in247.info/
Learn how to get your hands on crypto currencies and how you start collecting bitcoins and etherium. This is the future.
Fuel industry competition in Australia
Presentation to the Asia Pacific Fuel Industry Forum on the development of fuel industry competition in Australia and the role of generic competition law
The Semantic Web: An Introduction
The document introduces the Semantic Web, which extends the current web by encoding additional metadata and meaning about web resources using formal knowledge representation languages. This allows machines to better understand and process web information, enabling computers and people to cooperate more effectively. Key aspects of the Semantic Web include uniquely identified resources connected by hyperlinks, metadata encoded using ontologies, and linked open data which makes data integration easier by publishing concepts, entities, and properties on the web. Examples are given of applications such as knowledge graphs, content publishing and integration, and social graphs.
More Related Content
What's hot
Tannery waste
The document summarizes the tannery process, associated wastewater treatment, and impact on public health. It describes the various stages of tanning including soaking, liming, pickling, and tanning. This generates wastewater high in salts, chromium, sulfides, and organic matter. Primary treatment includes screening, equalization, coagulation, and sludge dewatering to remove solids and reduce BOD and COD. Effluent standards vary by country but are often exceeded by tanneries. Pollutants from tanneries like chromium, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide can cause respiratory illness and dermatitis. Alternative treatment methods are evaluated based on cost, technical criteria, and
2 Pre treatments of textile material.ppt
The basic objective of pretreatment processing is removal of added or natural impurities present in textile fibres to improve the absorbency.
BY:ROHIT SINGH
tannery industry operation, process and treatment
This document discusses the tannery industry and tannery effluent treatment. It describes the tanning process that converts raw hides into stable leather. It outlines the various preparatory and tanning stages including soaking, liming, unhairing, and pickling. It then analyzes the characteristics of tannery effluent, such as high levels of BOD, solids, salts, oils, and chromium. Finally, it discusses common treatment methods for removing solids, biodegradable organics, oils, and chromium from effluent through processes like sedimentation, filtration, and adsorption. The key challenges are high salinity levels after treatment and cost-effective sludge disposal or utilization
Waste Management of Bakery Industry
Bakery industry being one of the major industries in world are also causing huge amount of waste during its processing. Thus it is highly important for any industry to deal with its waste management processes so that it does not adversely effect the environment.
Pollution prevention in textile industry
The document discusses pollution prevention and water recycling in the textile industry. It covers compliance, sustainability, effluent treatment plants (ETPs), and best management practices (BMPs). Key points include:
- Textile effluent contains pollutants from processes like dyeing and finishing that require treatment to reduce toxicity through separation or cracking molecules.
- ETPs use primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments like sedimentation and biological processes to purify wastewater before recycling or disposal.
- Water recycling techniques like membrane filtration can allow treated effluent to be reused in textile processes. BMPs also provide ways to reduce water usage through techniques like internal water recycling.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and clean. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous kier boiling and continuous j-box scouring. Kier boiling involves loading fabric into a heated vessel and spraying alkali solution onto it over several hours. J-box scouring passes fabric continuously through an impregnation box, preheater and j-box where it is stored in alkali solution. The main objectives of scouring are to remove oils, waxes and other impurities, increase absorbency and prepare fabrics for downstream processing.
Technical development of wet processing
This document discusses recent technical developments in wet processing for the textile industry. It covers innovations in dyes and chemicals, preparation, dyeing, printing, finishing, digital printing, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and ultrasonic textile processing. New environmentally friendly products are highlighted from companies like Archroma, Americhem, HeiQ Materials, and Novozymes. Machinery innovations from Benninger focus on reducing the carbon footprint and environmental impact of wet processing.
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and constituents of cotton fibers, including natural impurities, fats and waxes, pectins, proteins, colouring matter, and mineral matter. It also describes the purpose and principles of preparatory processes used in the textile industry such as desizing. Desizing is the process of removing size, primarily starch, applied during weaving to prevent warp breakage. Common desizing methods include hydrolysis using acids or enzymes to break down starch into soluble fragments.
Chemical processing pretreatment
Pretreatment ,Impurities in natural fibre; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends,Carbonization ,Scouring barium acitivity number .
Catalogue
Our Products document summarizes different types of activated carbon products:
1) Activated carbon for water purification reduces organic compounds, chlorine, lead, radon, and odors in drinking water.
2) Powder activated carbon (PAC) is made in particulate or powder form less than 1mm in size, presenting a large surface area. PAC is used for water treatment and industrial processes.
3) Cylindrical activated carbon ranges from 0.9mm to 9.0mm in diameter and is used for air and fluid purification across industries such as food and pharmaceuticals.
tannery industry
tannery industry is the industry where leather is manufactured from the skins of animals . the whole process and the way it affects the water and their treatment has been mentioned in this ppt.
Bleaching process in textile processing
Natural fibers contain coloring compounds that make them appear off-white. The objective of bleaching is to remove these color bodies and produce a white fabric using oxidizing bleaching agents while minimizing fiber damage. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used bleaching agent for cotton and blends. It works through its decomposition product, perhydroxyl ion, which breaks the double bonds in color compounds at an optimal pH of 10-11. Proper regulation of perhydroxyl ions through stabilizers prevents rapid decomposition of the bleach and fiber degradation. Temperature, time, concentration, and liquor ratio must be optimized to achieve effective bleaching with minimal impact on strength properties.
Unit 3- Pollution and treatment of tanner and efflunt
The document discusses various finishing processes used in tanneries. It describes drying, bleaching, dyeing, fat liquoring, and calendering processes. It also discusses pollution caused by tanneries and describes primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment methods used, including mechanical screening, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, and biological treatments to reduce BOD and COD levels before discharge.
What's hot (14)
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
Unit 3- Pollution and treatment of tanner and efflunt
Unit 3- Pollution and treatment of tanner and efflunt
Viewers also liked
Ada 3
El documento proporciona información sobre la Estación Espacial Internacional (ISS), incluyendo que es un proyecto científico y técnico ambicioso que involucra a diez países europeos junto con Estados Unidos, Japón, Canadá y Rusia. También lista los países que forman parte de la ISS: Rusia, Estados Unidos, Europa, Canadá, Japón e Italia.
1995 FR on Prebles meadow jumping mouse
The document announces that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service finds that there is substantial information to indicate that listing the Preble's meadow jumping mouse as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act may be warranted. The petition requests listing of the species due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation threatening the only two known populations in Colorado. The Service will further review the status of the species to determine if listing is actually warranted within 12 months.
Consumer_Insights_about_Gesture_Interaction_in_Vehicles
The white paper discusses two research studies on consumer perceptions and usability of gesture interaction in vehicles. The first study with 11 participants found that gestures were faster and more successful than traditional controls for most tasks, though opening the glovebox was slower. The second study with 45 consumers found initial skepticism toward gestures but most were able to successfully use gestures for tasks like lights and calls. Overall, gestures were seen as more enjoyable than traditional controls when focused on simple, valuable uses.
Lecture 4 dyeing basics
The document defines dyeing as uniformly coloring textile materials like fibers, yarns or fabrics. Dyes are soluble color compounds that penetrate the fiber and interact with it, while pigments do not penetrate or interact. Different types of dyes include direct, acid, reactive, disperse etc suitable for different fibers like cotton, wool, nylon, polyester. Dyeing methods include batch/exhaust for small quantities and continuous dyeing for larger quantities using machines like jiggers, beam dyeing and padding mangles. Key factors in dyeing are dye exhaustion, fixation and wash fastness depending on dye-fiber interactions and forces of attraction.
How to earn serious money with bitcoin
http://earnwithmining.in247.info/
Learn how to get your hands on crypto currencies and how you start collecting bitcoins and etherium. This is the future.
Fuel industry competition in Australia
Presentation to the Asia Pacific Fuel Industry Forum on the development of fuel industry competition in Australia and the role of generic competition law
The Semantic Web: An Introduction
The document introduces the Semantic Web, which extends the current web by encoding additional metadata and meaning about web resources using formal knowledge representation languages. This allows machines to better understand and process web information, enabling computers and people to cooperate more effectively. Key aspects of the Semantic Web include uniquely identified resources connected by hyperlinks, metadata encoded using ontologies, and linked open data which makes data integration easier by publishing concepts, entities, and properties on the web. Examples are given of applications such as knowledge graphs, content publishing and integration, and social graphs.
OER In practice - Cultural appropiation of open content
The document discusses the cultural appropriation of open educational resources (OER) in different contexts. It makes three key points:
1) OER need to be fully integrated and adapted to local contexts and educational cultures in order to be effectively utilized. Resources may remain unexplored if the adaptation is not appropriate for the end users' teaching beliefs, values, and philosophy.
2) Various pedagogical dimensions like assessment, teacher-learner roles, and epistemological beliefs can be interpreted differently across cultures. An approach seen as central in one culture may seem inappropriate in another.
3) Facilitators of OER adaptation played an active role in linguistically, organizationally, pedagogically,
Sami Languages in Education: Comparative Case Study of Finland and Sweden
The document summarizes information about Sami languages in Finland and Sweden. It discusses that the Sami languages are endangered Finno-Urgric languages spoken in northern Scandinavia and Russia. It then compares pre-school, compulsory, high school, and university level education policies and practices for teaching Sami languages between Finland and Sweden. While both countries have room for improvement, Finland generally provides more opportunities for Sami language education at lower levels, but Sweden has some stronger policies and programs at higher levels. A key challenge is the lack of Sami language teachers in both countries.
OER In practice - Lifelong learning of teachers and Open Education Resources:...
The document summarizes research on Lithuanian teachers' use of and attitudes toward open educational resources (OER). It finds that while teachers recognize the benefits of OER, many lack competence in finding, using, and producing legal and high-quality OER. A survey of 72 teachers showed most materials used were not OER, and teachers had limited awareness of licensing procedures. The research concludes Lithuanian teachers would benefit from support to better incorporate OER and understand associated legal frameworks, in order to act as role models for students in the digital age.
The Basque language in education: from mono to multilingualism
The document discusses the evolution of language education policy in the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain from a monolingual model focused on Spanish to a multilingual model that recognizes Basque and Spanish as official languages. It describes key milestones like the end of Franco's dictatorship in 1975 and approval of statutes granting Basque official language status in 1978 and 1979. It also outlines the IRALE program established in 1982 to train teachers to conduct classes in Basque, growing from 5% to 82% proficiency. Looking ahead, it discusses experimenting with a trilingual model and ongoing challenges in implementing plurilingual education.
EdReNe Session
This document summarizes an EdReNe session on looking ahead at new and ongoing initiatives related to open educational resources (OER) and less used languages (LUL). It lists presentations from various members and a discussion on proposed policy recommendations to promote OER for LUL, including recommendations for the European Commission, governments, and institutions. Participants were asked to provide thoughts on the recommendations through online brainstorming tools.
Libraries, digital capability and Jisc: what's new
Slide deck for a presentation to the South Western Regional Library Service, Exeter, 16 November 2015. The session gave an overview of Jisc and outlined current work on digital capability for librarians.
Finding and sharing good stuff: open practice, open educational resources and...
Slides to support a Jisc session at the Eastern region e-forum hosted by University of Essex on 21 October 2016. Participants were from a range of further and higher education institutions across East Anglia. Group discussion formed a component of the session.
Digital literacies: setting the scene
Slide deck to support a keynote at Libraries Developing Digital Literacies in Cardiff, Wales, UK on 17 July 2015. The keynote offers some personal reflections as well as some pointers to current Jisc work in the area of digital capability and related themes.
Risky Business: Risk as a Business Case for Knowledge Management
In extremely competitive business climates, knowledge management can help provide tools to companies and organizations looking to identify and mitigate risk.
Viewers also liked (17)
Consumer_Insights_about_Gesture_Interaction_in_Vehicles
Consumer_Insights_about_Gesture_Interaction_in_Vehicles
OER In practice - Cultural appropiation of open content
OER In practice - Cultural appropiation of open content
Sami Languages in Education: Comparative Case Study of Finland and Sweden
Sami Languages in Education: Comparative Case Study of Finland and Sweden
OER In practice - Lifelong learning of teachers and Open Education Resources:...
OER In practice - Lifelong learning of teachers and Open Education Resources:...
The Basque language in education: from mono to multilingualism
The Basque language in education: from mono to multilingualism
Libraries, digital capability and Jisc: what's new
Libraries, digital capability and Jisc: what's new
Finding and sharing good stuff: open practice, open educational resources and...
Finding and sharing good stuff: open practice, open educational resources and...
Risky Business: Risk as a Business Case for Knowledge Management
Risky Business: Risk as a Business Case for Knowledge Management
Similar to Lecture 2 preparatory processes
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and properties of cotton and the process of desizing cotton textiles. It describes the various natural and added impurities in cotton like proteins, fats, waxes, pectins, and minerals. It then explains that desizing is the process of removing added sizes like starch that are applied during weaving to improve productivity. Finally, it summarizes different desizing methods like hydrolysis using acids or enzymes, and oxidation, as well as industrial batch and continuous desizing equipment and processes.
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and constituents of cotton, including natural impurities, fats and waxes, pectins, proteins, colouring matter, and mineral matter. It also discusses added impurities from sizing agents used in weaving. The purpose of preparatory processes is to remove impurities from cotton to impart desirable properties. Desizing is the process of removing size, which facilitates further processing by making starch water soluble through hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzymatic reactions. Common desizing methods include acid desizing, enzyme desizing, and oxidative desizing.
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and constituents of cotton fibers, including natural impurities, fats and waxes, pectins, proteins, colouring matter, and mineral matter. It also describes sizing agents that are added during weaving to improve productivity. The main methods for removing sizing agents and other impurities from cotton fibers are hydrolytic desizing using acid or enzymes, as well as oxidative desizing. Enzyme desizing using bacterial enzymes is commonly used in the textile industry today.
Lecture 2 composition of cotton, desizing
The document discusses the composition and constituents of cotton fibers, including natural impurities, fats and waxes, pectins, proteins, colouring matter, and mineral matter. It also describes sizing agents that are added during weaving to improve productivity. The main methods for removing sizing agents and other impurities from cotton fibers are hydrolytic desizing using acid or enzymes, as well as oxidative desizing. Enzyme desizing using bacterial enzymes is commonly used in the textile industry today.
eco friendly textile processing
www.textilecore.com
The presentation gives you the information about new eco friendly textile processing.
02 - Process sequence of wet processing.pdf
The document describes various wet processing steps involved in textile manufacturing, including preparation, pretreatment, and finishing processes. Some key points:
- Preparation steps include grey inspection, stitching, shearing, cropping, and singeing to smooth fabric surfaces and remove loose fibers.
- Pretreatment aims to remove natural and added impurities through desizing, scouring, bleaching, and optional mercerization. This makes fabrics more absorbent and receptive to dyes.
- Common pretreatment methods include desizing to remove starches added during weaving, scouring using alkalis to remove natural waxes and oils, and bleaching to further whiten fabrics using oxidizing agents like
All steps of preparation of fabric for dyeing.
The document describes various wet processing steps for textiles, including:
- Pretreatment processes like singeing, shearing, and cropping to remove surface fibers and impurities.
- Preparation steps like greige inspection and stitching before wet processing.
- Desizing to remove starch coatings from warp yarns.
- Scouring to remove natural and added impurities using alkalis.
- Bleaching to whiten fibers using oxidizing agents.
The summary highlights the key goal of pretreatment, preparation steps, and common wet processing steps like desizing, scouring, and bleaching that are used to clean and treat textiles.
Scouring
Scouring is a process that removes natural and added impurities from textiles to make them more absorbent and suitable for dyeing and finishing. It works by saponification, emulsification, and solubilization using alkalis, surfactants, and sometimes solvents. The document provides details on scouring of different natural and synthetic fibers like cotton, silk, wool, polyester/cotton blends. It also lists typical recipes and procedures for scouring cotton and polyester/cotton blend goods.
Cdn.intechopen.com pdfs wm-29369
This document summarizes the characteristics and polluting effects of textile organic dyes, and procedures for separating and eliminating them from industrial effluents. It discusses that textile dyeing is a major source of organic water pollution worldwide. Textile dyes are recalcitrant and can remain in the environment for long periods. The document outlines the classification and characteristics of natural and synthetic textile dyes. It also describes common textile processing steps that generate large volumes of contaminated wastewater containing dyes, chemicals, and other pollutants. Current treatment methods aim to remove over 70% of contaminants like COD, BOD, dyes before wastewater discharge to meet environmental standards.
Advecofreindlypretrtrt 160421074340
The document discusses various eco-friendly textile processing techniques. It describes preparatory processes like singeing, desizing, and scouring that use enzymes instead of harsh chemicals to remove impurities. For desizing, it discusses enzymatic, solvent, ultrasonic, and plasma methods. It also covers enzymatic scouring and bleaching techniques using enzymes like amylases, catalases, laccases, and glucose oxidases. Other eco-friendly techniques discussed are liquid ammonia mercerization, ozone bleaching, and peracetic acid bleaching. The document emphasizes that new sustainable technologies are needed in textile processing to be environmentally compliant with increasing regulations.
Factors contributing to water pollution.pdf
The document summarizes the various processes involved in cotton, synthetic, and wool textile processing and their associated wastewater characteristics. It describes the steps in cotton processing like desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, dyeing, and printing. It provides details on the pH, BOD, COD, TDS, and other parameters of wastewater from each process. Synthetic and wool processing steps are also outlined along with their typical effluent characteristics.
Desizing lecture 3
The document discusses the desizing process of cotton fabric. Desizing involves removing the size material that was applied to warp yarns during weaving to prevent breakage. This is done to increase the fabric's absorbency and affinity for chemicals in subsequent processing. Common methods of desizing include acid desizing using dilute acids, enzymatic desizing using amylase enzymes to hydrolyze starch, and oxidative desizing using oxidizing agents. The key objectives of desizing are to remove the size material, increase wettability and absorbency of the fabric to prepare it for downstream processes like dyeing and printing.
Scouring lecture 4
Cotton fibers contain 4-12% impurities such as proteins, fats, waxes and minerals that must be removed through a scouring process. The classical scouring method uses an aqueous alkaline solution with caustic soda as the alkali to saponify and emulsify impurities. Surfactants and sequesterants are added to the scouring bath to improve wettability, detergency and emulsification and counteract water hardness. Scouring makes cotton fibers highly hydrophilic and responsive to subsequent dyeing and finishing processes.
Scouring
The document discusses the scouring process, which involves removing natural and added impurities from textile fibers. There are three main methods for removing impurities: saponification, emulsification, and solubilization. Saponification converts impurities like oils and fats into water-soluble soaps. Emulsification forms suspensions of non-saponifiable impurities. Solubilization dissolves substances like pectin and proteins into soluble salts. The scouring process aims to remove all impurities and leave the fibers highly absorbent without damage. Common scouring agents include alkaline solutions, surfactants, and sometimes organic solvents.
Sustainabilty in Textile Processing
This document discusses sustainability in the apparel industry. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The apparel industry uses large amounts of resources and chemicals that harm the environment. The document recommends more sustainable practices like using organic cotton and recycling textiles. It provides examples of companies like Levi's and Nike that are developing sustainable apparel lines using recycled materials and reducing water and waste.
Textile auiliaries 01.pdf
1. The document discusses textile auxiliaries used in preparation and finishing processes like scouring and desizing. It focuses on the chemistry of products used rather than technology.
2. Scouring removes fats, waxes, oils and dirt using surfactants and builders like alkalis to improve absorbency. It is important for natural fibers which contain more impurities.
3. Desizing removes sizes which are applied during weaving to reduce breaks and aid weaving efficiency. The sizes must be removable for subsequent dyeing and finishing.
Desizing
1. Desizing is done to remove sizing agents like starch that were applied to warp yarns during weaving to facilitate the weaving process.
2. There are several methods of desizing including enzymatic, acid, and oxidative methods. Enzymatic desizing uses enzymes like amylase to break down starch into soluble sugars.
3. Proper control of factors like temperature, pH, and fabric speed are important for effective desizing when using the enzymatic method.
Desizing 140503101043-phpapp01
1. The document discusses different methods of desizing fabrics, which is the process of removing starch coatings called "size" that are applied during weaving.
2. Enzymatic desizing using amylase enzymes is the most common method as it can break down starch without damaging cellulose fibers.
3. Other oxidative methods can also be used to desize fabrics by oxidizing and breaking down starch into soluble products using oxidizing agents like sodium bromite.
Project Work nahid
The document describes a study comparing a traditional scouring process to a bio-scouring process for textiles. It finds that bio-scouring using the enzyme Scourzyme L is more environmentally friendly and reduces costs compared to traditional caustic scouring. Specifically, bio-scouring reduces water, energy and chemical usage, lowers BOD, COD and TDS in wastewater, and avoids the health and safety risks of harsh chemicals. However, it provides slightly less whiteness for light and white fabrics compared to traditional scouring. Overall, bio-scouring is shown to be a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative.
Method of reducing water consumption in textile
Water is an important resource in the textile industry that is used extensively for dyeing fabrics. This large water usage leads to significant water pollution from textile dyeing waste. The document discusses several alternative dyeing methods that can reduce water consumption such as bio-scouring, solvent dyeing, air dyeing, plasma dyeing, and compressed CO2 dyeing. These alternative methods aim to lower the environmental impact of the textile industry by reducing water and chemical usage.
Similar to Lecture 2 preparatory processes (20)
More from Adane Nega
3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop on demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, while CIJ includes single and multiple jet systems using deflection plates or air jets. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the need for post-treatments, while envisioning future possibilities like mass customization and integration with other technologies.
Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Considerations for dye selection, recipes, and procedures are provided to optimize results while minimizing wool degradation.
Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. Cotton is dyed by first converting the vat dye to its soluble form, dyeing the cotton, then reoxidizing the dye inside the fiber. The document outlines the chemical classes of vat dyes and the steps involved in vat dyeing cotton fabric using exhaust or continuous methods.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at 120-130°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, with the latter providing higher resolution and suitability for wider ranges of inks. The technologies each have advantages and limitations for different applications like textile printing.
93, 94 introduction to digital printing
This document compares and contrasts analog and digital printing technologies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each, such as analog printing being better for mass production while digital is more suitable for variable, personalized, or short print runs. The document also examines factors to consider when choosing a printing method like image quality, production speed, and cost. Additionally, it describes how some systems combine analog and digital to leverage the strengths of both.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the future potential of digital printing for mass customization and integrated production systems.
Digital printing asian dyer extended version)
Digital printing offers several advantages over conventional analog printing methods for textiles. It allows for mass customization and quick turnaround due to minimal press setup times. Digital printing can change color schemes or designs in real time during production. It also produces less waste and has a lower environmental impact than screen printing. However, digital printing has lower throughput than analog methods and higher costs for long runs. It also requires specially coated substrates and has limitations in ink color options and opacity.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at over 120°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Post-treatment and troubleshooting steps are also outlined.
Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. The water-soluble form dyes cotton fibers, and is then re-oxidized inside the fibers. The dyeing process involves steps of reduction, dyeing, oxidation, and soaping to achieve bright shades and fastness properties.
Dyeing of polyamide fibres
This document discusses the dyeing of polyamide fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. It explains the dyeing mechanisms and how the structure of polyamide fibers allows them to be dyed using different dye classes like acid dyes, chrome dyes, and reactive dyes depending on the desired properties like colorfastness. Factors like pH, temperature, and use of leveling agents affect dye uptake and uniformity. Different types of acid dyes provide varying colorfastness and are suitable for different applications depending on those properties.
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It begins by distinguishing between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. It then covers various printing styles like direct, resist, and discharge printing. The document concludes by describing common printing methods such as block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing.
General composition of print paste
The document summarizes the general composition and essential qualities of print pastes used in textile printing. Print pastes typically contain dyestuffs, thickeners, solvents, humectants, oxidizing agents, and defoaming agents. Thickeners are important for ensuring the print paste sinks into the fabric quickly and adheres properly after printing and drying. Other components like hydroscopic agents and pH controllers help facilitate dye fixation during steam treatment. Proper selection and balance of ingredients is necessary for achieving high quality, well-defined prints on fabrics.
Pigment printing
There are key differences between dye and pigment printing. Pigments have no affinity for fibers and are insoluble in water, requiring a binder to fix them onto fibers. Dyes have affinity for fibers and are water soluble. Pigment printing uses a binder that is an aqueous emulsion copolymer which polymerizes during curing to form a strong film embedding the pigment and adhering it to the fiber. Suitable thickeners for pigment printing are emulsion or synthetic thickeners which do not interact negatively with the binder. Emulsion thickeners are prepared using oil, water, emulsifiers and other agents, while synthetic thickeners are high molecular weight copolymers that thicken when
More from Adane Nega (20)
Recently uploaded
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KALYAN FIX JO...
DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KALYAN FIX JODI ANK LEAK FIX GAME BY DP BOSS MATKA SATTA NUMBER TODAY LUCKY NUMBER FREE TIPS ...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Call 8867766396 Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian M...
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
KALYAN CHART SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Sattamatka.satta.matka.satta matka.kalyan weekly chart.kalyan chart.kalyan jodi chart.kalyan penal chart.kalyan today.kalyan open.fix satta.fix fix fix Satta matka nambarAI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your Business
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
Discover the Beauty and Functionality of The Expert Remodeling Service
Unlock your kitchen's true potential with expert remodeling services from O'Brien Group Inc. Transform your space into a functional, modern, and luxurious haven with their experienced professionals. From layout reconfiguration to high-end upgrades, they deliver stunning results tailored to your style and needs. Visit obriengroupinc.com to elevate your kitchen's beauty and functionality today.
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注外围盘口-欧洲杯投注盘口app|【网址🎉ac22.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac22.net🎉】欧洲杯投注是体育博彩和在线赌场之一，得益于UKGC的三项许可。 成立之初是三名博彩公司将40家博彩商店的合并的结果，共同创建一家名为欧洲杯投注的公司。 欧洲杯投注在线赌场为游戏爱好者提供了300多种游戏，其中200多种老虎机，其他游戏包括二十一点，轮盘，真人荷官和真人赌场等。
1Q24_HYUNDAI CAPITAL SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
1Q24_HYUNDAI CAPITAL SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Transport Solution
Recently uploaded (20)
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KALYAN FIX JO...
DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KALYAN FIX JO...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Call 8867766396 Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian M...
Call 8867766396 Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian M...
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your Business
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your Business
Discover the Beauty and Functionality of The Expert Remodeling Service
Discover the Beauty and Functionality of The Expert Remodeling Service
1Q24_HYUNDAI CAPITAL SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
1Q24_HYUNDAI CAPITAL SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Lecture 2 preparatory processes
- 1. PREPARATORY PROCESSES FOR COTTON R.B.CHAVAN Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016 E-mail rbchavan@hotmail.com
- 13. Oxidation
- 18. Kier(Rope Form) Winch (Rope Form) Jet machine (Rope form) Jigger (Open width form)
- 19. Continuous Processing J-Box (Rope Form) Continuous (Open width) Saturator, Steamer, Washer.
- 20. Semi-Continuous Pad-Batch (Open Width form)