The local area technologies as 1-WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) with moderate bandwidth. And WiMax
2.The large area technologies as GSM, GPRSor UMTS, LTEwhich have much higher bandwidth.
These ppt are the part 2 of mobile computing concepts. These ppt defines the following things
Wireless Networking
Wireless LAN Overview: IEEE 802.11
Wireless applications
Data Broadcasting
Bluetooth
TCP over wireless
Mobile IP
WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application
environment, applications.
A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced. Study includes technical, services and strategic marketing information and gives a thorough overall picture of the technology and business.
UNIT II
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop
The local area technologies as 1-WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) with moderate bandwidth. And WiMax
2.The large area technologies as GSM, GPRSor UMTS, LTEwhich have much higher bandwidth.
These ppt are the part 2 of mobile computing concepts. These ppt defines the following things
Wireless Networking
Wireless LAN Overview: IEEE 802.11
Wireless applications
Data Broadcasting
Bluetooth
TCP over wireless
Mobile IP
WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application
environment, applications.
A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced. Study includes technical, services and strategic marketing information and gives a thorough overall picture of the technology and business.
UNIT II
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop
A presentation on Wi-Fi6 or 802.11ax technology and RF design challenges. A 'black box' method to measure Error Vector Magnitude is also presented.
OFDMA, MU-MIMO, OFDM.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
5. IEEE 802.11b – PHY frame formats synchronization SFD signal service HEC payload PLCP preamble PLCP header 128 16 8 8 16 variable bits length 16 192 µs at 1 Mbit/s DBPSK 1, 2, 5.5 or 11 Mbit/s short synch. SFD signal service HEC payload PLCP preamble (1 Mbit/s, DBPSK) PLCP header (2 Mbit/s, DQPSK) 56 16 8 8 16 variable bits length 16 96 µs 2, 5.5 or 11 Mbit/s Long PLCP PPDU format: mandatory Short PLCP PPDU format (optional) @@Physical Layer Convergence Protocol Difference : Rate encoded; hex code for 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps
6. Channel selection (non-overlapping) 2400 [MHz] 2412 2483.5 2442 2472 channel 1 channel 7 channel 13 Europe (ETSI) US (FCC)/Canada (IC) 2400 [MHz] 2412 2483.5 2437 2462 channel 1 channel 6 channel 11 22 MHz 22 MHz Depending on national restrictions, a max of 14 channels can be used. Center freq. To be displaced by 25 MHz.
7.
8.
9. IEEE 802.11a – PHY frame format rate service payload variable bits 6 Mbit/s PLCP preamble signal data symbols 12 1 variable reserved length tail parity tail pad 6 16 6 1 12 1 4 variable 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbit/s PLCP header
33. User plane protocol layers WATM terminal adapter MATM termi- nal RAS EMAS -E EMAS -N ATM- Switch fixed end system radio segment fixed network segment
34.
35. Reference model with further access scenarios II RAS ACT WMT WMT RAS RAS T MT WT RAS EMAS -N T RAS EMAS -E WMT 1 2 3 4 5 6 NMAS MS EMAS -E
36.
37.
38.
39.
40. HiperLAN2 architecture and handover scenarios 2 3 1 AP APT APC Core Network (Ethernet, Firewire, ATM, UMTS) APT APT APC AP Access Point Transceiver Access Point controller MT 4 MT 3 MT 2 MT 1
41. Centralized vs. direct mode AP/CC AP data control control data control Centralized Direct data control MT 1 MT 2 MT 1 MT 2 MT 1 MT 2 +CC
42. HiperLAN2 protocol stack Higher layers Convergence layer Data link control - basic data transport function Scope of HiperLAN2 standards DLC control SAP DLC user SAP Radio link control sublayer Physical layer Radio resource control Assoc. control DLC conn. control Error control Radio link control Medium access control SAP : Service Access Point
43. Physical layer reference configuration scrambling FEC coding interleaving mapping OFDM PHY bursts (PPDU) PDU train from DLC (PSDU) radio transmitter PDU : protocol Data Units
45. Basic structure of HiperLAN2 MAC frames MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms broadcast phase downlink phase uplink phase random access phase . . . TDD, 500 OFDM symbols per frame variable variable variable LCH PDU type sequence number payload CRC UDCH transfer syntax (long PDU) 54 byte 2 10 396 24 bit LCH PDU type payload CRC 2 406 24 LCH transfer syntax bit
46. Valid configurations of HiperLAN2 MAC frames MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms BCH FCH ACH DL phase DiL phase UL phase RCHs . . . BCH FCH ACH DiL phase UL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH DL phase UL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH UL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH DL phase DiL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH DiL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH DL phase RCHs BCH FCH ACH RCHs Valid combinations of MAC frames for a single sector AP broadcast downlink uplink random access BCH : Broadcast Channel FCH : Frame Channel ACH : Association Control Function RCH : Random Channel
47. Mapping of logical and transport channels BCCH FCCH RFCH LCCH RBCH DCCH UDCH UBCH UMCH BCH FCH ACH SCH LCH downlink UDCH DCCH LCCH ASCH SCH LCH RCH uplink UDCH UBCH UMCH LCH DCCH RBCH SCH LCCH direct link
69. Frequency Selection during Transmission S f k 625 µs f k+1 f k+2 f k+3 f k+4 f k+3 f k+4 f k f k f k+5 f k+5 f k+1 f k+6 f k+6 f k+6 M M M M M M M M M t t t S S S S S
74. Baseband data rates Payload User Symmetric Asymmetric Header Payload max. Rate max. Rate [kbit/s] Type [byte] [byte] FEC CRC [kbit/s] Forward Reverse DM1 1 0-17 2/3 yes 108.8 108.8 108.8 DH1 1 0-27 no yes 172.8 172.8 172.8 DM3 2 0-121 2/3 yes 258.1 387.2 54.4 DH3 2 0-183 no yes 390.4 585.6 86.4 DM5 2 0-224 2/3 yes 286.7 477.8 36.3 DH5 2 0-339 no yes 433.9 723.2 57.6 AUX1 1 0-29 no no 185.6 185.6 185.6 HV1 na 10 1/3 no 64.0 HV2 na 20 2/3 no 64.0 HV3 na 30 no no 64.0 DV 1 D 10+(0-9) D 2/3 D yes D 64.0+57.6 D ACL 1 slot 3 slot 5 slot SCO Data Medium rate, Data High rate, High Quality Voice, Data & Voice,
75.
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78. Baseband states of a Bluetooth device standby inquiry page connected AMA transmit AMA park PMA hold AMA sniff AMA unconnected connecting active low power Standby: do nothing Inquire: search for other devices Page: connect to a specific device Connected: participate in a piconet detach Park: release AMA, get PMA Sniff: listen periodically, not each slot Hold: stop ACL, SCO still possible, possibly participate in another piconet
82. L2CAP logical channels baseband L2CAP baseband L2CAP baseband L2CAP Slave Slave Master ACL 2 d 1 d d 1 1 d 2 1 signalling connectionless connection-oriented d d d
83.
84.
85. L2CAP packet formats length 2 bytes CID=2 2 PSM 2 payload 0-65533 length 2 bytes CID 2 payload 0-65535 length 2 bytes CID=1 2 One or more commands Connectionless PDU Connection-oriented PDU Signalling command PDU code ID length data 1 1 2 0
86. Security E 3 E 2 link key (128 bit) encryption key (128 bit) payload key Keystream generator Data Data Cipher data Authentication key generation (possibly permanent storage) Encryption key generation (temporary storage) PIN (1-16 byte) Pairing Authentication Encryption Ciphering E 3 E 2 link key (128 bit) encryption key (128 bit) payload key Keystream generator PIN (1-16 byte)