This document discusses different types of pollution including air, sound, light, thermal, radioactive, land, and water pollution. It provides details on each type of pollution such as key causes and impacts. For example, it states that air pollution causes over 6.5 million deaths per year, making it the 5th largest killer in India. Sound pollution can result in hearing loss and emotional disturbances. Thermal pollution from power plants and industries can decrease oxygen in water and affect aquatic life. Water pollution is also a major issue, with over 1000 children dying every day in India due to disease from polluted water.

1. Dr. D.R. Mailapalli
Assistant Professor
Agricultural and Food Engineering
IIT Kharagpur

2. What is Pollution?
Environment is ‘everything that is not me’
o For ‘me’ to be healthy and happy, ‘everything that is
not me’ must be healthy and happy.
o Environment:
o a healthy balance between the demands of 7 billion
people and the natural cycles of essential nutrients.
o safe from hazardous substances.
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3. Pollution
o Pollution:
o Contamination of natural resources such as water, land and
air.
o Adversely impact the environment and human.
o Pollutants:
o products which affect the normal functioning of ecosystem
o adverse effect on plants, animals, and humans.
o Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or
energy, such as noise, heat or light.
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4. Pollution types
 Air pollution
 Sound pollution
 Light pollution
 Thermal pollution
 Radioactive pollution
 Land pollution
 Water pollution
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5. 1. Air pollution
 6.5 million deaths/yr (more deaths than AIDS and Malaria).
 5th largest killer in India (AIIMS: lung cancer- 1/10 lakh)
 Ozone, particulate matter, CO, NO2, SOx and lead.
 Global warming, acid rains, smog, ozone depletion.
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6. Global air pollution (NASA, 2010)
 Threshold: particle size <10 microns/m3
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7. Global air pollution
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8. 2. Sound pollution
 Natural and anthropogenic types
 Partial loss of hearing, emotional disturbances, high
blood pressure
 Threshold of hearing: 0dB; jet plane: 130 dB (100 feet),
motor cycle: 88 dB (30 feet)
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9. Sound pollution
in Delhi
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10. Ocean vibrations
(NOAA working group)
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11. 3. Light pollution
 Over illumination and sky glow
 Psychological stress, medical problems in children,
animal life
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12. Global night sky
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13. Global night sky
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14. 4. Thermal pollution
 Source: water as coolant in power plants and industries
(half of all water used in the U.S)
 Decrease in O2 supply  Affects water quality and aquatic
life
 Biodiversity may decrease
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15. 4. Thermal pollution
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16. 5. Radioactive pollution
 Alpha, beta and gamma particles
 Cancers, birth defects, deaths
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17. Global radioactive pollution
(Lelieveld et al. 2012)
17Annual probability in percentage of radioactive contamination (>40 kilobec querels per square meter)

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20. 6. Land pollution
 Each person in the U.S. produces about 2Kg of garbage a
day.
 14 billion pounds of garbage (mostly plastic) is dumped
into Ocean every year
 Largest e-waste site on earth is Guiyu, China; 88% of
children have dangerous levels of lead in their blood
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21. 7. Water pollution
 In India, 1000 children die every day due to disease caused
by polluted water
 1.1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water
 The Ganges River is one of the most polluted rivers in the
world.
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22. 7. Water pollution
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23. Global drinking water scenario
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24. More Life Expectation!
(% recharge)
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Thank you!