Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
There are three main types of insects larvae
1. oligopod: Scarabeiform, Campodeiform
2. polypod: Hairy caterpillar, Slug caterpillar, Looper, Semilooper
3. apodous: Euciphalous, Hemicephalous, acephalous
1) OLIGOPOD: a) Campodeiform:
• Have resemblance to the dipluran genus campodea.
• Body is elongate, depressed dorso ventrally and well
sclerotised.
• Head is prognathous.
• Thoracic legs are long.
• A pair of abdominal cerci
is usually present.
• Larvae are generally predators
and are very active.
• Eg: grub of ant lion, grub of lady bird beetle
b) Scarabaeiform:
• Body is ‘C’ shaped, stout and subcylindrical.
• Head is well developed.
• Thoracic legs are short.
• Caudal processes are absent.
• Larva is sluggish, burrowing into wood or
soil.
• Eg: grub of rhinocerous beetle.
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
There are three main types of insects larvae
1. oligopod: Scarabeiform, Campodeiform
2. polypod: Hairy caterpillar, Slug caterpillar, Looper, Semilooper
3. apodous: Euciphalous, Hemicephalous, acephalous
1) OLIGOPOD: a) Campodeiform:
• Have resemblance to the dipluran genus campodea.
• Body is elongate, depressed dorso ventrally and well
sclerotised.
• Head is prognathous.
• Thoracic legs are long.
• A pair of abdominal cerci
is usually present.
• Larvae are generally predators
and are very active.
• Eg: grub of ant lion, grub of lady bird beetle
b) Scarabaeiform:
• Body is ‘C’ shaped, stout and subcylindrical.
• Head is well developed.
• Thoracic legs are short.
• Caudal processes are absent.
• Larva is sluggish, burrowing into wood or
soil.
• Eg: grub of rhinocerous beetle.
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
Immature stages of insects and Its types (Classification)Mogili Ramaiah
Life cycle of an insect can be complete or incomplete which posses different stages in the biology. If it is complete metamorphosis, it consists of egg, larvae, pupa and adult or incomplete metamorphosis with egg, nymph and adult. In the case of insects with complete development show complete metamorphosis with all immature stages that vary in size, shape and form or structure i.e., egg larvae and pupae differing each individually. Hence, different types of egg, larvae and pupae are described in this PPT (Basic Classification)
Immature stages of insects and Its types (Classification)Mogili Ramaiah
Life cycle of an insect can be complete or incomplete which posses different stages in the biology. If it is complete metamorphosis, it consists of egg, larvae, pupa and adult or incomplete metamorphosis with egg, nymph and adult. In the case of insects with complete development show complete metamorphosis with all immature stages that vary in size, shape and form or structure i.e., egg larvae and pupae differing each individually. Hence, different types of egg, larvae and pupae are described in this PPT (Basic Classification)
THE COLEOPTERA IS A BIGGST ORDER IN THE CLASS INSECTA AND ALSO IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM HERE IAM DESCRIBING THE IMPORTANT CHARACTER OF THE ORDER AND ECONMOIC IMPORTANT FAMILIES COMES UNDER COLEOPTERA
Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimp, millipedes, and centipedes are all arthropods. Arthropods have jointed feet, a segmented body, and an exoskeleton, a cuticle on the outside of their body. Arthropods have by far the greatest number of species of any animal group, at around 900,000 species
BIOLOGY ,HABITAT AND IMPORTANT DIAGONOSTIC FEATURES OF THE INSECT ORDER NEURO...sana sana
THIS SLIDE GIVES IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF THE INSECT ORDER LIKE NEUROPTERA,TRICHOPTERA ,AND MECOPTERA. AND THIS ALSO INCLUDE LIFE CYCLE AND METAMORPHOSIS CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER MECOPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA.ITS GIVES A BRIEF DISCUSSION WITH SOME PICTURES
This presentation tells about the insect order 'Mecoptera", their characteristic features, life cycle and families included under the order, and also about typical mating or copulation mechanism in them
Similar to Lec. 34 Classification of class Insecta upto Orders.ppt (20)
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Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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3. Acrididae: Short horned grasshopper
Antennae filiform shorter
than the body with less
than 30 segments
Pronotum saddle shaped
Hind legs modified for
jumping. Tarsus 3
segmented.
Ovipositor short and well developped, short and curved.
Auditory or tympanal organs situated one on either side of 1st
abdominal segment
These are plant feeders and are often very destructive.
Eg: Rice grasshopper -Hieroglyphus banian
Rice small grasshopper - Oxya chinensis
Cotton grass hopper - Cyrtacanthacris ranacea
Calotropis grasshopper - Poecilocerus pictus
5. Mantodea: Mantids
• Gradual metamorphosis.
Winged adults.
• Chewing mouthparts.
• Head is usually
hypognathous
• Mouth parts mandibulate
• Antennae filiform, invariable
• Forewings modified into
tegmina with marginal costal
vein. Hind wings have a
Large anal lobe in a fan like
fashion.
• Tarsus – 5 segmented
• A pair of many segmented
cerci are present
• Eggs are laid in egg case.
Praying Mantis
13. Termitidae
Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings
Antennae are moniliform
Compound eyes present in winged.
Mouth parts biting type with powerful
mandibles.
wings are deciduous.
Legs short and stout with tarsus 4 segmented
Frontal gland is greatest development in
soldiers.
Anal cerci short or very short.
Metamorphosis simple or incomplete
Caste system : difference castes seen in a
termite colony.
A . Reproductive - (King & Queen)
B. Sterile (Supplementary Reproductive)
– Worker & Soldiers
15. Thysano: Fringed and pteron: wing
Thrips
Small to minute slender bodied
Antennae short moniliform,
Mouth parts asymenetrical, right mandible
is rudimentary, rasping and sucking type
with three stylets.
Winged or wingless. wings when fully
developed are long and narrow with
highly reduced venation .
Cerci absent
Parthenogenetic type of reproduction is
very common and in many species males
are rarely seen.
17. Mothparts piercing and sucking type and
with slender segmented beak
Pronotum large, scutellum is very
prominent
Winged and wingless. When winged, the
fore wings are basally thickened and
membranous apically and are known as
Hemelytra. Hind wings are entirely
membranous and are slightly shorter than
forewings. At rest the wings are held flat
on the body.
Odoriferous glands or repugnatorial
glands or scent glands or stink glands are
present which near hind coxae
Anal cerci absent
Metamorphosis simple
Suborder: Heteroptera includes true bugs
18. Head is deflexed and not generally
constricted behind to form a neck.
Compound eyes well developed, ocelli
absent in apterous form but 2 to 3 in
winged forms
Antennae well developed and usually 3 to
10 segmented
Mouth parts piercing and sucking type,
Thoracic segments generally fused
together, Pronotum small and collar like.
Winged or wingless when winged the four
wings are uniform in consistency and the
wings are held roof like over the body at
rest.
Wax glands or honey tubes usually well
developd in most of the members of this
order.
Suborder: Homoptera includes hoppers
19. Heteroptera Homoptea
Pronotum usually large Pronotum small and collar like
Gular region present and it is
sclerotized (the maxillary plates
meet and fuse ventrally to form
gula)
Gular region absent or very small
and membranous
Forewings hemelytra Forweings uniform in consistency
Wings fold flat over the body at
rest
Wings held roof like over the body
Beak or rostrum arise from the
front part of the head and base of
the rostrum not touching anterior
coxae
Beak or rostrum arise from the
posterior part of the head and base
of rostrum extending between
anterior coxae
Tarsi – 3 segmented antennae 4-5
segmented, odoriferous glands are
present
Tarsi 1-3 segmented antenna 3-10
segmented, wax glands are present
Differences between heteroptera and homoptera
21. Order: Lepidoptera
The most distinguishing characteristics;
scaly wings and siphoning mouthparts.
Antennae clubbed or clavate type.
Complete metamorphosis
Cerci are not present
Adults are terrestrial, mostly feeding on
nectar
Larval Lipidoptera are polypod
(caterpillar) and found in a variety of
terrestrial habitats.
Chewing mouthparts feed on plant
materials (leaves).
Mostly are regarded as serious
agricultural pests.
Pupae are obtect.
22. Character Moths Butterflies
Behaviour Nocturnal Diurnal
Antennae Pectinate, Plumose & Clavate
Ocelli Present Absent
Mandibles Present Absent
Frenulum Present Absent
Humeral lobe
of hindwings
Undeveloped Greatly developed
Wings at rest Held roof like
over body
Folded vertically upward
Cu2 vein of
forewing
Present Absent
Abdomen Large and stout Comparatively small and
slender
Pupa Obtect pupa
within a
Cocoon
Obtect pupa without cocoon. It is
a naked pupa brightly coloured
and supported by silken
girdles,called as chrysalis
Differences between moths and butterflies
28. Largest order in class insecta comprising
about 40% of the known insect species.
Minute to large sized with leathery or
horny integument.
Head highly sclerotized free, normal or
prolonged in to a snout as in weevils.
Ocelli usually absent.
Antennae variable usually 11 segmented
Mouth parts are chewing type with well
developed mandibles.
Prothorax large and freely movable,
mesothorax much reduced and fused with
metathorax.
29. Two pairs of wings present. Forewings
are horny or leathery known as elytra.
Hind wings membranous. The wings are
highly reduced in few beetles.
Legs well developed for walking, running
and tarsal segments are variable.
Abdomen usually 10 segmented.
The larvae are known as grubs and
generally thoracic legs are present.
Pupa exarate, pale coloured and are
invested by a thin soft cuticle.
Most of the adults possess stridulatory
organs and these are variable.
Metamorphosis is complete and complex.
33. Sawflies, wasps, bees, ants
• Holometabolous
• This is the most beneficial order
comprising of parasites, predators
and bees involved in poliination and
honey production. Most of them are
social living.
• Head prominent with small neck.
• Compound eyes well developed.
• Antennae exhibit sexual dimorphism
being longer in males
• Mouth parts primarily adopted for
biting and often for lapping and
sucking also.
• Legs slender, trochanter 1 or 2
segmented.
• Larvae as grubs with well developed
head and usually apodous.
• Pupa exarate.
34. • Usually two pairs of naked membranous
wings are present with reduced
venation. Hind wings are smaller and
have a row of tiny hooks on their anterior
margin by which they attach to the front
wings.
• Usually stigma is present in forewings
along the costal margin near the apex.
• Abdomen usually basally constricted to
form pedicel or petiole. The 1st
abdominal segment fused with
metathorax and known as propodaeum.
Second segment forms pedicel. The
remaining region of the abdomen is
bulged one known as gaster.
• Ovipositor very well developed and
modified for sawing, boring, piercing,
stinging etc.
36. These are small and soft bodied
insects with prominent head and
small neck.
Eyes large : usually larger in
males.
Antennae mostly 3 segmented and
aristate
Mouth parts sucking type usually
forming a proboscis and they are
sponging
Mesothorax large supporting the
functional wings, pro and
metathoracic segments small.
37. Only front pair of wings present.
Hind pair modified into halters
which act as balancers.
Legs well developed, tarsus
usually 5 segmented pulvilli and
an empodium Usually present.
Metamorphosis is complete.
Larvae eruciform and apodous
known as maggots mostly
amphipneustic.
Pupa either free or enclosed in
the hardened larval cuticle
known as puparium (coarctate
pupa).
38. centipedes millipedes
1 pair of legs on
each segment
2 pairs of legs on
each segment
carnivores herbivores
More
arthropod
groups